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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Use of soil streptomycetes from Maseno (Kenya) to inhibit growth of Pyricularia grisea invitro cultures. |
Country | : | Kenya |
Authors | : | Were Okumu, Opande George, Arama Peter |
ABSTRACT:The most serious biotic constraint to finger millet worldwide is blast caused by the fungus Pyricularia grisea. Its management has been very challenging. However not a formidable control solution has been offered and therefore a need for other approachs. Actinomycetes belong to the phylum proteobacteria, they are gram +ve, terrestrial or aquatic with high guanine and cytosine content. Soil actinomycetes have antagonistic activity against a wide range of plant pathogens.This study isolated and characterizes some soil actinomycetes in Maseno area (Western Kenya) and studied their antifungal effect on P. grisea pathogenic on finger millet. Soil sample collected was dissolved in distilled water, homogenized and spread over modified Kuster's agar. Colonies of actiomycetes were isolated as from the fourth day of incubation. . Finger millet heads and leaves displaying symptoms of blast were collected and Pyricularia grisea isolated on autoclaved powered finger-millet debris and maintained on PDA. A single steak of actinomycetes culture was made on a fresh Kuster's agar and incubated for 3-4 days at 26 0C -28°C, and P. grisea, 20 mm, at right angles to the original streak of actinomycetes. The results indicate that isolates AT2 and AT4 are pathogenic to Pyricularia grisea and can be a basis for bio-control of blast in finger millet.
Keywords: Finger milet, actinomycetes, pyricularia, proteobacteria, kuster's agar, biopesticide
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Pesticide Contamination in Food: A Review |
Country | : | India |
Authors | : | Shailesh Tayade, Z. P. Patel, D. S. Mutkule, A. M. Kakde |
ABSTRACT: The debate on pesticide residues in food in India has raised awareness over contamination of our food commodities with toxic pesticide residues. Unfortunately the debate became restricted to the quality standards and norms pertaining to drinking water and foods at the point of consumption. The more fundamental problem of contamination of all natural resources with chemical pesticide residues because of faulty and hazardous agricultural technologies at the farming level is often ignored. Without solving the basic problem, no amount of standard-setting at the consumption level is going to solve the problem, especially in developing countries where enforcement of regulations is notoriously weak or even absent. Though some pesticides banned, their residues are still persisting/existing in food and environment due to its illegal use and nature of persistence. Therefore, it is essential to fan out the awareness about GAP (Good Agricultural Practices) among the farmers and strict action against the illegal use of pesticides.
Keywords: pesticide, residue, fruits, vegetable, legumes, fibre, spices, household processes, GAP
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Economic Analysis "Cost of Production of Major Vegetables" In Balochistan, Pakistan |
Country | : | Pakistan |
Authors | : | Jumo Khan Bajkani, Khalil Ahmed, Muhammad Afzal, Nadeem Sadiq, Muhammad Nauman Irshad |
ABSTRACT:This paper describes the economic analysis of vegetables in districts Loralai, Bolan and Killa Saifullah of Balochistan with a view to determine the production cost, current production system, input-output ratio and gaps in farm practices and finally suggest the way to fill out these gaps. Total 109 respondents were interviewed from all districts. The study was conducted through primary data collection from different vegetable growers who had planted vegetable crops. The data was collected from selected vegetable growers during the crop year, 2011-12. The additionally, information was gathered the farm size, average cost of production of vegetable was separated into for categories i.e.; fixed costs, capital costs, labor costs and marketing costs in the major vegetable growing areas. The survey results showed that all the vegetable growers applied 15-20 irrigations to vegetable crops in the study area. During the survey mostly farmers reported the production decreased as compared last year due to non-proper management, electricity problem and shortage of water. Vegetable yield in the province is well below the potential.
Key Words: Economics analysis, Vegetable, Net income, Variable cost, Cost benefit ratio, Balochistan and Pakistan
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Modeling on Grass Pea and Mung Bean Pulse Production in Bangladesh Using ARIMA Model |
Country | : | Bangladesh |
Authors | : | Niaz Md. Farhat Rahman, Md. Abdullah Aziz, Mohammad Mukhlesur Rahman, Nur Mohammad |
ABSTRACT:In this study an attempt has been made to examine the rate of growth, measure the instability as well as forecasting of grass pea and mung bean pulse production. For forecasting, deterministic and ARIMA model have been fitted and projections have been made on the basis of the best fitted deterministic and ARIMA model. The magnitude of instability in grass pea and mung bean pulse production was estimated by computing the coefficient of variation (CV) and the percentage deviations from three years moving average values. The study reveals that the grass pea pulse production was observed to be relatively stable (CV being 44.38%) compared to mung bean pulse production (CV being 52.87%). The variation of the growth rates in grass pea pulse production was -19.51% to 14.44% and mung bean pulse production was -21.55% to 20.26% during the study period. The projection of production indicated the vital potential of grass pea and mung bean pulse in Bangladesh. Thus, policy makers, stake holders and beneficiaries (farmers) should take necessary steps to check the decline in area under sugarcane without further delay.
Keywords: ARIMA model, Forecasting, Grass pea, Growth model, Mung bean.
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Response of African Giant Land Snail (Archachatina marginata) to Graded Levels of Asplenium barteri Leaf Meal Supplement |
Country | : | Nigeria |
Authors | : | P. C. N Alikwe, M., Okpeku, S. Ndukari |
ABSTRACT: The effect of feeding graded level (0, 5, 10 and 15%) of Aspelenium barteri Fern leaf meal supplement to growing Archachatina marginata on growth indices, organ weight and carcass characteristics was investigated. One hundred and twenty (120) growing snails (Archachatina marginata) were randomly allocated to four treatments of 30 snails each, replicated three times with 10 snails per replicate in a completely randomized design. The experiment lasted for six (6) weeks. In this study Carcass weight, gut content, feed intake, body weight, shell length/width and FCR differed significantly (P< 0.05) whereas live weight, shell weight, meat content, foot length and foot thickness were not significantly different (P> 0.05) among treatment diets. Diet with 15% inclusion of FLM was considered suitable for best performance.
Key words: body weight, carcass, fern leaf, growth, shell weight,
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Effects of Administration of Carbamazepine and/or Phenytoin on Serum Biochemical Parameters in Wistar Rats. |
Country | : | Nigeria |
Authors | : | Hadiza Aliyu, Joseph O. Ayo, Suleiman F. Ambali, Muftau Shittu, Chinedu Orieje, Richard Ejeh |
ABSTRACT:This study was conducted to evaluate the serum biochemical alterations following the administration of carbamazepine (CBZ) and/or phenytoin (PHE) in Wistar rats. Forty male adult Wistar rats weighing between 144 and 300 g were used for the experiment. They were divided into four (4) groups of 10 animals each. Rats in groups II, III and IV were given CBZ (20 mg/kg), PHE (100 mg/kg) and CBZ+PHE (20 and 100 mg/kg separately), respectively. Rats in group I were given distilled water at 2 ml/kg and served as untreated control. All treatments were administered orally by gavage. The regimens were given once daily for a period of eight weeks. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed and serum samples were obtained for the analysis of total proteins, albumin, globulin, urea, Na+, K+, Cl-, and activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). There was an increase in the concentration of Na+ (P < 0.0001) concentration, albumin (P < 0.01) and a decrease in urea (CBZ and PHE groups) (P < 0.05), globulin (P < 0.05) and K+ (CBZ group) (P < 0.05) concentrations. The activities of ALT in the CBZ and CBZ+PHE groups and that of AST activity in the PHE group increased significantly (P < 0.05). In conclusion, administration of CBZ and/or PHE induced significant alterations in serum biochemical parameters in Wistar rats. It is recommended that serum biochemical parameters should be strictly monitored and regularly evaluated in individuals treated with CBZ and/or PHE in order to alleviate or prevent some of these changes.
KEYWORDS: Albumin Globulin Electrolytes Liver enzymes Proteins
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Indigenous Treatment Methods of Small Ruminant Livestock in the Tropics –A Case Study from Katsina State, Nigeria |
Country | : | Malaysia |
Authors | : | Rabiu Abdullahi, Muhammad Awwal, Mamma Sawaneh |
ABSTRACT:This study was carried out in Jibia Local Government Area of Katsina State to establish the indigenous methods for treating small ruminant animals. Simple random approach was employed through questionnaire and interviews to collect information from 60 livestock farmers. The results indicated that the use of local methods of managing and preventing ruminant diseases are indeed effective and reliable. However, it may not be as effective as the scientific method. The farmers generally preferred and had more confidence in their local methods because the materials needed are readily accessible, affordable and easy to employ. Thus, in order to promote use of veterinary services in treating livestock, farmers should be able to afford and access such treatment services like locally treated methods.
Keywords: indigenous, Nigeria, small ruminants, treatment
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Effect of Planting Media and Iba Concentration on Rotting Ability of Stem Cutting Of Ligustrum ovalifolium. |
Country | : | Iraq |
Authors | : | Y. H. Hammo, B. Z. Abdul Kareem, M. I. Salih |
ABSTRACT:This study was carried out in the Agricultural College/ Salahalden University during the period between 1st March, 2010 to 1st August, 2010, to investigate the effect of planting media (sand, sand: loamy soil, and mixture of sand: loamy soil: peat moss) 1:1:1 by volume, and IBA concentrations (0, 1000, 2000, 3000) mg.l-1 on rooting ability of stem cuttings of Ligustrum ovalifolium. The results show that the mixture of sand, loamy soil, peat moss is significantly superior than other media and give the highest values of roots number 7.45 root/plant, roots dry weight 0.33 gm/plant, shoot number 3.92 shoot/plant, leaf number 11.00 leaf/plant, and vegetative dry weight 3.76 gm/plant while the best rooting percentage 64.63% is obtained in cutting which are planted in peat moss and the longest root is for cutting which are planted in sand media. The 2000 and 3000 mg.l-1 IBA causes significantly increase in rooting percentage 68.92, 68.42%, longest root 3.41, 3.36 cm, roots dry weight 0.31, 0.31 gm, leaf number 9.67, 9.56 leaf/plant when comported with the other concentration. In the other hand the 3000 mg.l-1 is significantly superior in roots number 5.91 root/plant, shoots number 3.92 shoot/plant, and vegetative dry weight 2.82 gm/plant. The interaction between planting media and IBA concentrations case significantly variance in all rooting and shooting parameters and the highest values are for cutting treated with 2000, 3000 mg.l-1 and planted in deferent media.
Keywords: Planting Media, IBA concentration, Ligustrum ovalifolium.
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Productivity and Profitability of Cassava (Manihot Esculenta) In Ika South and Ika North East Local Government Areas of Delta State, Nigeria |
Country | : | Nigeria |
Authors | : | Ogisi O. D., Begho T., Alimeke B. O. |
ABSTRACT:This paper examined the productivity and profitability in cassava production in Ika South and Ika North East Local Government Areas of Delta State. Primary data were collected from a sample of three hundred (300) cassava farmers from twenty (20) communities. Data collected were analyzed using econometric regression analysis. About 70% of respondents had farm sizes in the range of 1-3 hectares in multiple locations. The productivity of cassava in Ika South (7.2tonnes/hectare) was significantly higher than that of Ika North East (6.8tonnes/hectare). On the average, Total Revenue (TR) per hectare was N 81,468 while Total Cost per hectare was N32,214. The cost-benefit ratio was 0.40 thus the enterprise can be said to be viable. Gross margin per hectare was N61901, Net farm income was N 49,272 and Net return to investment (NRI) per naira was approximately N153. Regression results showed that number of cassava cuttings, hired labour, farm size, farming experience and age were statistically significant to the output of cassava in the study area. It was recommended that improved cassava cuttings be made available in the area and inputs such as fertilizer should be provided for farmers at subsidized rate.
Keywords: Cassava, productivity, profitability
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Empirical Analysis of Food Security Status of Farming Households in Benue State, Nigeria. |
Country | : | Nigeria |
Authors | : | Ahungwa, G. T.; Umeh, J. C., Muktar, B. G. |
ABSTRACT:In the most recent times, no human right has been so frequently and spectacularly violated as the right to food. In the light of the global food crisis, this paper analyzed the food security status of farming households in Benue State, "the Food Basket" of Nigeria. The paper employed a stage-wise random sampling technique to obtain 180 households. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the socio-economic characteristics of the households and the Food Security Index was used to measure the household food security status. Using the FAO benchmark of 2500kcal per capita per day; households were profiled into food secure and food insecure where 36.67% were food secure while 63.33% were food insecure. The shortfall or surplus index (P) indicated that, the food secure households exceeded the benchmark by 33.80% while the food insecure categories fell short by 29.60%. The paper recommends that, government and all stakeholders should take advantage of existing structures such as the Fadama Development Project to improve the means of livelihood of the populace, thus improving their food security status; enhance nutritional education for effective home management and balance dietary intake rather than "full the stomach syndrome‟ to achieve the Millennium Development Goal of reducing to half poverty and hunger incidence by the year 2015.
Key words: Food security Status, farming households, food security index.
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | The negative effects of Calcium Chloride on Kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum) germplasm during germination |
Country | : | India |
Authors | : | R. Prasanthi Kumari, Z. Vishnuvardhan |
ABSTRACT: Calcium is one of the important components in the growth of plants and their metabolic activities. It is found to increase the growth rate especially during the times of abiotic stresses like drought and salinity stress such as NaCl and other metal toxicity. But when there is hike in CaCl2 individually the scenario may changes completely and reversed some times. The same thing was happened in case of Kodomillet (Paspalum scrobiculatum) also at times of germination when treated with different concentrations of CaCl2. Different germination parameters such as % germination, germination energy, germination index, reduction percentage of germination were tested besides physiological and biochemical factors like protein percentage, RWC, PRO, POX, PPO, CAT and SOD. Significant changes were observed in the activity of these reactive oxygen species and were statistically correlated. The cultivars IC 76 and IPS 583 defend best when compare with the other genotypes IPS 351, IC 88 and least tolerance was observed in IPS 145 and IPS 610. Keywords: CaCl2, Kodomillet, % germination, relative water content and superoxide dismutase.
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