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ABSTRACT:Field experiments were carried out during the 2011/2012 cropping seasons in the flood plain soil of the Teaching and Research Farms of the Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Asaba. The aim was to evaluate the effects of organomineral fertilizer on the yield and yield components of rice. The treatments were four levels of organomineral fertilizer (poultry manure fortified with ammonium nitrate) and a control at the rates of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.0 and l0 tha-l. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design replicated three times. Data were collected at the 4th , 8th , 12th and 16th weeks after planting (WAP) on plant height, total leaf area, number of tillers, straw and grain yield, 1000 grain weight and harvest index. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and significant differences separated using student-Newman-Keals test. The results showed that 10 tha-1 treatment application gave the highest values in plant height (75.45cm), leaf area (374.24), straw and grain yield 534.20 and 625.03 kgha-1 and 1000 grain weight 42.7 g/ha-1. There was a Synergistic affects of organomineral fertilizer in all growth and yield parameters evaluated.
Keywords: Effects, different levels, organomineral fertilizer, Rice.
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Effect of climate change on rice yield at Kharagpur, West Bengal |
Country | : | India |
Authors | : | Tanmoyee Bhattacharya, Dr. R. K. Panda |
: | 10.9790/2380-0420612 |
ABSTRACT: The daily rainfall and temperature data (1977-2007) of Kharagpur were analyzed to know seasonal and annual variability. The monsoon season June-September was characterized for seasonal trends. FAO Aquacrop model version 3.1 was tested to understand the response of rice to temperature, CO2, water and to simulate the grain yield of rice under various independent data sets. The inter-annual variability and trends of monthly maximum, minimum, mean temperatures and rainfall for the crop growing season had been analyzed. The results showed that there was decrease in yield with per°C increase in temperature and increase in yield with per mm increase in rainfall in Subtropical region. The results of the study revealed that the grain yield increased an average of 0.35 kg/ha with per mm increase in rainfall and decreased by 156.2 kg/ha per degree rise in mean temperature at that region. The simulation study had also conducted under different temperature, rainfall scenarios and CO2 concentration. The most negative scenario was Tmax4°C+Tmin4°C+50 ppm CO2 (grain yield reduced by 8.31%) and Tmax4°C+Tmin4°C+(P-10)mm (grain yield reduced by 37.67%).
Keywords - Aquacrop v3.1, Climate variability, temperature, trend, rainfall, yield
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ABSTRACT: The Experiment was designed to compare the internal and external egg quality traits of three phenotypes of village chickens. The study was carried out at Modibbo Adama University, poultry farm, Yola.The research lasted for a period of eight months. Three phenotypes of Sixteen (16) hens and Two (2) Cockerels each (48 breeder Hens and 6 Cocks) were purchased and assigned randomly for the study. A total of two hundred and seventy fertile eggs were collected for the study. Digital electric balance, Micrometer screw gauge and Varnier caliper were used to determine the parameters. Egg width, albumin height and width significantly (p<0.001) differ among the phenotypes. Egg weight, yolk height, yolk index and haugh unit had a significant (p<0.01) effect on all the phenotype. Egg length, egg index and shell weight had significant (p<0.05) effect on the phenotype. The egg quality traits were significantly affected by the type of phenotypes except yolk width and shell thickness. Frizzle feathered consistently produced heavier, longer, wider egg and albumin and heavier shell. Similarly frizzle naked neck produced higher albumin and yolk height and haugh unit. Furthermore naked neck produced higher egg width, egg and yolk index and yolk height. Frizzle and Smooth feathered chickens and its associate produced significant positive and negative correlations in egg quality traits. Naked neck and it crosses produced significant positive correlation in all the egg quality traits studied. It could therefore be concluded that crossing between Frizzle and naked neck feathered chicken produced better egg quality traits required. I, recommend Frizzle Naked neck chickens to be considered for table eggs. Key words: Phenotypes, egg quality, Varnier caliper, Digital electric balance, Micrometer screw gauge
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ABSTRACT: The research was carried out to compare the fertility and hatchability traits of naked neck, frizzle and smooth feathered phenotypes of village chickens. The study was carried out at Modibbo Adama University, poultry farm, Yola and it lasted for a period of eight months. Three phenotypes of Sixteen (16) hens and Two (2) cockerels each (48 breeder hens and 6 cocks) were selected and assigned randomly for the study. A total of three hundreds and twenty four fertile eggs were generated for incubation. All the hatchability parameters were significantly different except, hatchability on fertile egg and dead in shell. Hatching egg weight had significant (P<0.01) effect on all the phenotypes. Fertility, hatchability on set eggs, dead embryo, normal and abnormal chicks and average chick weight had significant (P<0.05) effect on all three the phenotypes. There were some correlations among different hatchability traits depending on the phenotype. The correlations were more profound among naked neck. Frizzle and Naked neck and its crosses were superior in most of the hatchability parameters studied. Smooth and its crosses were superior in terms of fertility, percent normal chicks, and average chick weight. It could therefore be concluded that crossing between Smooth and Frizzle feathered chicken produced better fertility and hatchability traits required. I, recommend Smooth Frizzle chickens to be considered and integrated for hatching and rearing programmes.
Key words: Phenotypes, hen, cockerels, Fertility, hatchability, dead embryo, normal, abnormal, chicks.
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ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to evaluate the factors affecting rice consumption in Cross River State of Nigeria. Two hundred and forty (240) rice consumers were randomly selected from twelve (12) purposively selected Local Government Areas in Cross River State. Data were collected using questionnaire. It was discovered that the socio-economic variables that affect rice consumers in the study area were age, marital status, household size, religion and educational level. It was also found that the average monthly income of a respondent, average amount spent on rice per day by one household and the average quantity of rice consumed per meal per household were N32,154.00, N1,378.00 and 2kg respectively. The results showed that the coefficients of the four explanatory variables selected for the study met the a priori theoretical expectations. The variables included rice consumers disposable income (X1t), occupational status of the consumers (D1t), joint effect of income and occupational status (D1tX1t), brand of rice (D2t), price of rice (X2t) and the joint effect of rice brand and own price (D2tX2t). The results showed that disposable income variable had a magnitude of 0.352 and was positive, brand had a magnitude of 0.378 and was equally positive, price had a negative magnitude of –0.121, occupational status variable had a positive magnitude of 0.372, while the joint effects of income and occupational status and rice brand and own price were 0.243 and 0.131 respectively. The implication of the results is that any one unit change in income, occupational status of the rice consumers, brand and price in the study area will result in an increase of 0.352, 0.372, 0.134 and -0.121 units respectively. The negative sign of the coefficient of price of rice is in consonance with the theoretical expectation. In order words, price naturally has an inverse relationship with consumption expenditure, where any increase in income results in less of the commodity consumed. It is therefore recommended that Governments should provide employment opportunities for the people in order to enhance their income levels, as well as make policies that would encourage local rice production, in order to meet the demand and make rice available to consumers at affordable price in the study area. Also farmers should be encouraged to produce more of the brand of rice available in the area.
Key Words: Analysis, Factors, Consumption, Nigeria
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ABSTRACT: The acceptable nutritional value of Lemna as an ingredient in diets for Cyprinus carpio (L.) fry was experimented under aquarium culture system for 120 days. For that purpose fry of approximately equal weight were distributed in groups of 15 to each four aquaria at 0%, 15%, 30% and 45% inclusion levels of Lemna. The fry were fed at 5% body weight twice daily morning and evening. The three inclusion levels of duckweed supported the growth of Cyprinus carpio fry but growth performance, weight gain growth rate was favoured by low inclusion of duckweed meal. Highest bodyweight gain % was recorded on the group of fish bed diet (0% inclusion of duckweed) which was not significantly different (P<0.05) from (15% level inclusion of duckweed). The study clearly showed that fry fed diet 15% duckweed dietary inclusion perform best result and fishmeal was non replaceable but can be supplemented with duckweed up to an optimum level to produce cost effective feed.
Key words: Duck weed, Feed ingredients, growth performance
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ABSTRACT: The study was carried out to assess the contributions of capacity building to the catfish production among the rural youth in Ogun State, Nigeria. Purposeful sampling technique was used to select 125 fish farmers for this study. Descriptive statistics and costs and returns analysis were used for the objectives while Product Pearson Moment Correlation was used to test the hypothesis. Result of the findings revealed that the mean age of the respondents was 30.08 years. All (100%) the respondents had acceptable levels of formal education. The result indicated that majority (71.20%) of the respondents had spent 1-4 years in catfish farming while 6.40% had been in the fishing business for more than 8 years. The mean year of fishing experience was 3.76 years. The result further showed that fingerlings selection and stocking, liming and fertilization of the pond, and group formation were the common capacity building activities undertaken in the study area. Similarly, it was found that most (60%) of the respondents benefited from capacity building in team work improvement and knowledge sharing, increased productivity, conflict management, and input procurement. The result also showed that the respondents generated an average income of ₦297,850.00 with an estimated profit of ₦63,110.00 from catfish production within three months. However, catfish production were impeded by myriads of problems which include inadequate training and capacity building (76.00%) lack of modern technologies (72.80%), and high cost of transportation (63.20%). There was positive and significant relationship (p < 0.05) between profits realized from catfish production and capacity building. It could be concluded that catfish farming was a profitable venture but were seriously affected by the lack of adequate skill and capacity building. Greater improvement in catfish production can be achieved through adequate capacity building and training for the youths in the study area. Keywords: capacity building, rural youths, catfish production, sustainable, constraints.
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ABSTRACT: The effect of two organic amendments viz:-Bitter leaf (BL) and Cashew seed kernel (CSK) used in the control of Meloidogyne incognita on soybean was investigated during the 2009 and 2010 rainy seasons. Soybean cultivar TGS 1019 – N was planted on a 65m2 plots. Soil at the base of each plant was mixed with 60 g of the two amendments separately two weeks after germination. Plants were inoculated with 1000 juveniles of M.incognita at the base of each plant three weeks after germination. The results of the study indicated that superior growth parameters and better nematode control were obtained in treated plants compared to untreated control. Also CSK amendment was more effective on nematodes than BL. The results further showed that both amendments could be used in nematode control and therefore recommended in soybean fields to control nematodes.
Key words: organic amendments, nematodes, Growth parameters, inoculation, soybean
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ABSTRACT: The effect of extract of water hyacinth leaves extract was investigated on the juvenile mortality of Meloidogyne incognita in the laboratory. M. incognita juveniles (100 Juveniles in each Petri dish) were exposed to crude extract - 100 % concentration, crude extract + 10 ml of distilled water and crude extract + 20 ml distilled water, and distilled water only which served as control. Petri dishes were arranged in completely randomized design in the laboratory. Percentage mortality was calculated over 96 hours. Results indicated that the crude extracts gave 100 % juvenile mortality. The results also indicated that juvenile mortality increased with increase in time of exposure. It would be concluded that the extract was able to killed M. incognita juveniles in the laboratory, however, further screen house and field trials are recommended.
Key Words: Water hyacinth, extract, juvenile, mortality, concentration
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ABSTRACT: This study was designed to determine the household commercialization index (HCI); identify the variation in the level of commercialization among households in the three agricultural zones, as well as identify the micro-level factors determining the level of commercialization in Cross River State.Descriptive, statistical and econometric methods were employed to analyze the data collected from a sample of 120 households using structured questionnaires. Findingsshowed that the degree of commercialization in the study area is moderately high (about 60.40%). On average, households sold about 56.10%, 66.60% and 58.50% of their total production (in grain equivalent terms) for the Southern, Central and Northern zones respectively.Tobitregression analysis showed thattotal quantity of food crops produced, farming experience, access to agricultural extension service, size of land used for cultivation, membership in cooperatives and household family size are important factors determining the level ofcommercialization of smallholder farms. The study recommends the formulation of policies to enhance food crop production and aimed at creating enabling environment forincome generation; policies to encourage the formation of cooperatives to provide a strong mitigation strategy and advance participation in the output market; strengtheningof extension delivery.
Key words: Commercialization,Cross River State, Smallholder, Subsistence farming, Tobit regression,
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ABSTRACT: Cash crops like dicotyledons i.e. all pulses, groundnut, pea .bean etc. are important in agriculture economy. Stimulation of this plants growth during early stages is commercially important. Iron (Fe) particles perform very important role in nitrogen fixation. To solve oxygen toxicity problem, the bacteria in the root nodules are bathed in solution of the oxygen binding Heme protein leg hemoglobin produced by plant. Leg Hemoglobin binds all available oxygen so that it can't interfere with nitrogen fixation.Therefore iron treatment is useful for leguminous plants like groundnut, pea etc.
Key words: Heme protein, leg hemoglobin, leguminous plants, dicotyledons.
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ABSTRACT: The data mining can be referred as discovery of relationships in large databases automatically and in some cases it is used for predicting relationships based on the results discovered. Data mining plays an important role in various applications such as business organizations, e-commerce, health care industry, scientific and engineering. In the health care industry, the data mining is mainly used for Disease Prediction.the objective our works to predict the diagnosis of heart disease with reduced number of attributes. Here fourteen attributes involved in predicting heart disease. But fourteen attributes are reduced to six attributes by using Genetic algorithm. Subsequently three classifiers like Naive Bayes, Classification by Clustering and Decision Tree are used to predict the diagnosis of heart disease after the reduction of number of attributes.
Keywords: Data Mining, Naive Bayes, Decision Tree, Classification by Clustering.
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ABSTRACT: To study the effect of diverse irrigation levels viz. 0, 3, 4, 5 and 6 irrigations and two planting patterns viz.60 cm apart single rows and 30/90 cm apart double row strips (30 cm from row to row and 90 cm from strip to strip) on growth and yield of maize, a field trial was carried. Number of plants per plot at harvest, number of grains per cob, 1000 grain weight, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index were significantly affected by different irrigation levels but the growth and yield of maize were not influenced by Planting patterns. When 6 irrigations and planting spacing was kept at 30/90 cm apart; double row strips (30 cm from row to row and 90 cm from row to row), maximum grain yield (7.28 t ha-1) was produced.
Key Words: Yield components; Maize, Planting patterns; Irrigation levels
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ABSTRACT: The study aims to generate blood biochemical reference data as required for diseases diagnosis of lions (Panthera leo). The project was conducted in three regimens of effect of season on male, female and both the sex to determine the variations. Experimental lions of control (12 numbers) and test (6 numbers) groups were selected randomly in the population. Female lions in winter season depicted significantly (p<0.01) higher activity of ALP and lower levels (p<0.001) of glucose and protein but, in summer season they exhibited significantly higher (p<0.05) levels of urea. The comparative study in both the sexes and seasons revealed that, female lions had significantly higher blood glucose (29.06%) in summer and significantly lower levels of protein (10.98%) and urea (10.34%) in winter season. In case of ALP study, it was significantly higher in both male (61.09%) and female (102.37%) in winter season. The study concludes that, glucose, protein, urea, and ALP varied significantly with sex and season and must be taken into consideration during interpretation of clinical findings for disease diagnosis.
Keywords: Panthera leo, season, sex, biochemical constituents, enzymes
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