IOSR-JAVS   Volume-3 ~ Issue-1 ~ may-jun-2013

ABSTRACT: An experiment was conducted at Karda-Rasha /College of Agriculture-Erbil to evaluate the effect of different seeding rates using drill-row and broadcasting sowing methods on growth, seed and oil yields of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cv. Pactol. The results showed that drill-row sowing method produced seed and oil yields more than broadcasting method, particularly, at low seeding rates i.e.4 kg ha -1 seeding rate. Seeds grown by drill-row produced the highest number of plants m-2, the highest plants height and took the longest period for their flowering and seed formation; and produced a greater number of siliques plant-1 and greater weight of seed and then, higher seeds and oil yields. Seeds grown at higher seeding rates gave the higher number of plants m-2 and higher silique surface area, with longest period for seed formation, the highest plants height bearing higher number of primary branches, higher harvest index and high oil percentage. However, seeds grown at low seeding rates, the period from sowing to flowering and flowering period were the longest. At 4 kg ha-1 seeding rate produced higher number of siliques plant-1, greater weight of seed and higher seeds and oil yields. In this study, there was significant and positive correlation between number of siliques plant-1and seed weight with total Yield. While there was a significant and negative correlation between harvest index and total yield. Also, positive and highly significant correlation between oil yield and total yield.

Keywords: Oil percentage, rapeseed, seeding rate, seed yield, sowing method

[1] Kauser, R. H. R. Athar and M. Ashraf. 2006. Chlorophyll fluorescence can be used as a potential indicator for rapid assessment of water stress tolerance in Canada (Brassica napus L.). Pak. J. Bot., 38(5): 1501-1510

[2] Starner, D. E. A. A. Hamama and L. Bhardwaj. 1999. Canola oil yield and quality as affected by production practices in Virginia. In Janick J., (ed.) Perspective on new crops and new uses, ASMS Press, Alexandria, VA. pp. 254-256

[3] Diepenbrock, W. 2000. Yield analysis of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.): A review, Field crops Res. 67: 35-49

[4] Nigussie, A., T. Adefris and T. Zerihum. 1996. Effect of agronomic practices on seed and oil yields of Ethiopian mustard (Brasica carinata A. Braun) and rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Trop. Agric. 73(2): 94-99

[5] Clarke, J. M., F. R. Clarke, and G. M. Simpson. 1978. Effects of method and rate of seeding on yield of Brassica napus. Can. J. Plant Sci. 58: 549-550 [6] Khan, M. J., R. A. Khattak and M. A. khan. 2000. Influence of sowing methods on the productivity of canola grown in saline field. Pak. J. Biological Sci. 3(4): 687-691

[7] Shah, A. S., and K. Rahman. 2009. Yield and growth response of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) mutants to different seeding rates and sowing dates. Pak. J. Bot., 41(6): 2711-2716

[8] Hanson, B. K., B. L. Johnson, R. A. Henson, and N. R. Riveland. 2008. Seeding rate, seeding depth and cultivar influence on spring canola performance in the Northern Great Plains. Agron. J. 100(5): 1339-1346

[9] Angadi, S. V., H. W. Culforch, B. C. McConkey, and Y. Gan.2003. Yield adjustment by canola growth at different plant population under semi-arid conditions. Crop Sci. 43: 1358-1366

[10] Chen, C., G. Jackson, K. Heill, D. Wichman, G. Johnson, and D. Johnson. 2005. Determining the feasibility of early seeding canola in the Northern Great Plains. Agron. J. 97: 1252-1262

ABSTRACT: Despite the undoubted success of a scientific approach to pharmaceuticals, the last few decades have reformed towards the spectacular rise in interest in herbal medicinal products for cure of livestock by the indigenous people of Hamirpur (H.P.), India. The present study was carried out between 2008 to 2011.Recording of indigenous medicinal plants used for common diseases in animals along with the interviews with elderly persons, cattle owners, traditional farmers, healers and house wives was done. A total of 123 plant spp. belonging to 49 families wild in occurrence, were reported to be used in more than 60 ailments of livestock. Low cost and almost no side effects of these medicines make them acceptable by the local community. Ethnomedicine is an integral part of traditional medical practices in many countries of the developing world. Livestock is a major asset for resource poor small farm holders and pastoralists throughout the world. The present study is aimed at providing an overview of the ethnoveterinary preparations for various ailments of livestocks particularly in Hamirpur District of Himachal Pradesh.

[1] Bhalla, S.and Bhalla, T.C.2006. Traditional food and beverages of Himachal Pradesh, Indian J. Traditional knowledge 6(1): 17-24.
[2] Chauhan, N.S. 1999. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Himachal Pradesh. Indus Publ. Co., New Delhi.
[3] Chowdhery, H.J & Wadhwa, B.M. 1984. Flora of Himachal Pradesh. Vol. 1-3. Bot. Sur. India,Calcutta.
[4] Collett, H. 1902. Flora Simlensis. Thacker Spink and Co. Calcutta and Shimla, Reprinted 1971. B.S.M.P.S. Dehradun.
[5] Dhiman, D.R. 1976. Himachal Pradesh ki Vanoshdiya Sampada. Imperial Printing Press, Dharmshala. H.P.
[6] Hooker, J.D. 1872-1897. The Flora of British India, Vols. I-VIII. Lalit Mohan Basu, Allahabad.
[7] Jain S. K. & Goel, A. K. 1995. Workshop Exercise -1. Proforma for field work: 142-147. In: Jain, S.K. (ed.) A Manual of Ethnobotany. Scientific Publ. Jodhpur.
[8] Jain, S.K. & Rao, R.R. (eds.) 1977. A Handbook of Field and Herbarium Methods. Today's & Tommorrow's Printers & Publ., New Delhi.
[9] Mishra, S., Jha, V., & Jha, S. 1996. Plants in ethnoveteinary practices in Darbhanga (North Bihar). In: Jain, S.K. (ed.) Ethnobiology in Human Welfare, Deep Publ., New Delhi.
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ABSTRACT: In a study conducted during 2007 and 2008 on irrigation and weed management effect on aerobic rice, scheduling the irrigation with IW/CPE of 1.2 produced significantly higher stature of yield attributes viz., total number of panicles m-2, total number of grains and number of filled grains and grain (4702 and 4547 kg ha-1) and straw yield and were distinctly superior to IW/CPE of 0.8 and 1.0. The nutrient uptake (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) by crop was also significantly highest with IW/CPE of 1.2.Weed management practices exerted significant influence on yield attributes, yield (5761 and 5595 kg ha-1), nutrient uptake by crop and all of them were at their highest with hand weeding at 20 and 40 days, which were comparable with oxadiargyl 0.07 kg ai ha-1 supplemented with hand weeding at 40 days. All the yield attributes and yield of rice were the lowest with unweeded check. Nutrient uptake by weeds was significantly highest with IW/CPE of 1.0 and among weed management practices with hand weeding at 20 and 40 days. Highest returns and benefit-cost ratio were recorded with the irrigations scheduled at IW/CPE ratio of 1.2 and with pre emergence application of oxadiargyl 0.07 kg ai ha-1 supplemented with hand weeding at 40 days.

Keywords: Aerobic rice, Economics, IW/CPE, Nutrient uptake, Oxadiargyl

[1] V.G. Panse and P.V.Sukhatme, Statistical methods for agricultural workers (Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi,1985).
[2] P.Belder , B.A.M. Bouman , J.H.J. Spiertz, S.Peng, A.R. Castaneda,and R.M.Visperas Crop performance, nitrogen and water use in flooded and aerobic rice. Plant and Soil 273,2005,167–182.
[3] A.S.Jadhav, M.V.Dhoble, and V.V.Dahiphale ,Irrigation and nitrogen management for upland irrigated rice on vertisols. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural Universities 28 (1),2003, 103-104.
[4] B.P.Singh, R.P.S.Khokhar , D.D.Yadav,and S.N.Verma, Water Economy in paddy. Indian Farming 53(9),2003, 27.
R.Ambrocio Castaneda, A.M.Bas Bouman, Shaobing Peng,and Romeo.M.Visperas Mitigating water scarcity through an aerobic system of rice production., Proceedings of the 4th International Crop Science Congress, 26 Sep – 1 Oct, 2004, Brisbane, Australia.
[5] J.Maheswari, N.Maragatham,and G.J.James Martin,Relatively Simple Irrigation Scheduling and N application enhances the productivity of Aerobic rice. American Journal of Plant Physiology 2 (4), 2007,261-268.
[6] R.P.Sharma,Dry-matter accumulation and nitrogen uptake pattern in direct-seeded upland rainfed rice (Oryza sativa) as influenced by nitrogen and weed management practices. Journal of Farming Systems Research & Development 13(2),2007,191-197.
[7] A.V.Ramana, D.S.Reddy,and K.Ramakumar Reddy,Influence of sowing time and nitrogen levels on growth, yield and N uptake of rainfed upland rice varieties. The Andhra Agricultural Journal 54(3&4),2007, 114-120.
[8] M.P.Arul Chezhian,and R.M.Kathiresan Studies on the effect of Integrated weed management in rice. Plant Archives 8 (2),2008,679-682.
[9] D.J.Rajkhowa, I.C.Barua, N.C.Deka,and D.Borah,Bioefficacy of oxadiargyl in transplanted rice under rainfed conditions. Indian Journal of Weed Science 37(3/4),2005, 258-259.
[10] Samar Singh, S.S.Punia, S.D.Sharma, Sandeep Narwal,and R.K.Malik R K,Bioefficacy of oxadiargyl and XDE-638 against complex weed flora in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.). Haryana Journal of Agronomy 21(1),2005,13-15.

ABSTRACT: Carrot is one of the most important staple vegetable. Carrots are known by champion scarlet horn, early gem, new red intermediate, long orange, half long scarlet and chant nary etc… carrot is a good source of Vitamin-A. And the most important elements are  - carotene, Alpha carotene and phytochemicals from these 3 elements are present in carrot and Therapeutics of carrot benefit the human health. The present study is an attempt to standardize the technology for developing vitamin- A rich carrot 'tutty fruity' through osmotic dehydration process using high sugar concentration and with intermittent thermal processing procedures such as blanching and hot air oven drying. Carrot tutty fruity developed was highly acceptable, as assessed from the organoleptic evaluation of the product by a group of trained panel members. Carrots are available throughout the year. It is easily digestible both as cooked and raw form and provides  - carotene which is precursor for the synthesis of vitamin-A that prevents eye diseases and it is a food available at moderate cost. Carrot tutty fruity with its attractive colour can have great utilitarian value in desserts, confectioneries, sweets and special cuisine. Being a preserved food, tutty fruity has increased shelf life and does require refrigeration conditions for storage.

Key Words: Carrot, Therapeutics, Osmotic dehydration, Tutty fruity.

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ABSTRACT: This study examined the accessibility of arable crop farmers to agricultural information in Edo State. A total of 180 farmers from six randomly selected communities were used for the study. Data were collected with interview schedule, only 142 interview schedule were however found useful for analysis. Data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study result revealed that crop farmers preferred radio as the most use channel of agricultural information (mean= 2.33). Improved seedlings and varieties was the most adopted technology. Increased yields (mean=2.34), increased income (mean=2.20) and proper use of improved varieties (mean=2.18) were found to be the major benefits derived from the use of agricultural information. Hypotheses testing of relationship showed that respondents sex (mean = 0.488), marital status (mean = 0.352) had no significant relationship with crop farmers sources of agricultural information. The study recommends the integration and mobilization of the various informal groups in the rural area in the information dissemination network of agricultural programmers, the employment and use of town carriers in the rural areas to create awareness as regards new developed agricultural technologies, the establishment of information centers at the local government headquarters.

[1]. Aina, L. O (1989): Education and training of librarians for agricultural information work in Africa. Quarterly Bulletin of IAALD. Vol. 34, No. 1-2 pp. 64-70.
[2]. Ajayi, M. T. (2003): "Analysis of Mass Media Use for Agricultural Information by Farmers in Nigeria", Journal of Extension Systems, Vol. 19, No 2, pp 45 – 55.
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ABSTRACT: The present study showed that Carassius auratus, breeds within September to March in freshwater and laboratory condition. It is a single breeder and highest percentage of gravid female occurs in December (87.5%). The GSI and GLI ranged from 2.43 to 8.0 and 2.38 to 25.03 respectively. Both GSI and GLI were highest in December (8.0) and (25.03) but lowest value of GSI was in September and GLI was in August. The mature and ripe ova occur in December (1.48±0.03), January (1.42±0.04) and February (1.39±0.07). The relationship between fecundity and total length; fecundity and body weight; fecundity and ovary weight were - 11545+1066x, r = 0.64; - 62418+2402x, r = 0.87 and - 11494+13x, r = 0.99 respectively.

Keywords: Ornamental fish, fecundity, GSI, GLI

[1] H. Sasi, The length and weight relations of some reproduction characteristics of Prussian Carp, Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) in
the south Aegean Region (Aydin-Turkey), Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 8, 2008, 87-92.
[2] S.S. Al-Noor, Population Status of Gold Fish Carassius auratus in Restored East Hammar Marsh, Southern Iraq, JKAU: Mar. Sci.,
21(1), 2010, 65-83.
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under semi-controlled conditions, Int. J. Trop. Biol., 54(4), 2006, 1099-1102.
[5] R.E. Spieler, T.A. Noeske, V. de Vlaming and A.H. Meier, Effects of thermocycles on body weight gain and gonadal growth in the
goldfish Carassius auratus Trans, Am. Fish. Soc., 106, 1977, 440-444.
[6] A.O. Shawardi, Ecology and Biology of Crucian Carp Carassius carassius (L.1758) and Khishini Liza abu (Heck in Tharthar Arm
and Tigris River, doctoral diss., College of Science, Al-Mustansiriya University, 2006. 142 p.

ABSTRACT: Effects of different compost mixes at 10tons ha-1 were studied on okra in 2009 to 2010 planting season. The experiment was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Data collected were averaged over the two trials before being subjected to statistical analysis of variance and significant means compared using Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Nutrient analyses indicated that Tithonia compost (Th2pm) performed best followed by Chromonela compost (Ch3pm) and celosia compost (Ce3pm). Okra planted with Tithonia compost (Th2pm), cassava peel compost (Ca2pm) and elephant compost (Eg2pm) similarly had higher plant height. Cassava peel compost (Ca3pm), elephant grass compost (Eg2pm), cassava peel compost (Ca2pm) and elephant grass compost (Eg3pm) significantly had higher and similar effect on stem girth of okra, while okra planted with cassava peel compost(Ca2pm) and elephant grass compost(Eg2pm) significantly had higher number of leaves throughout the growing period. Okra planted with cassava peel compost (Ca2pm) significantly had higher number of fruit and fruit weight than other compost mixes.

Key Words - Compost, fertilizers, growth, organic manure, fruit yield and okra

[1]. Adebayo, A. G., Akintoye H. A., Olufolaji, A. O, Aina O.O., Olatunji M.T. and Shokalu A.O., 2011. Assessment of organic amendments on vegetative growth and nutrient uptake of moringa oleifera in the nursery in Asian Journal of Plant Science10 (1): 74-79
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[7]. Akanbi, W. B., 2002. Growth, nutrient uptake and yield of maize and okra as influenced by Compost and nitrogen fertilizer under different cropping systems. Ph. D Thesis, University of Ibadan.
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[10]. Brinton, W., 2000. Compost quality standards and guidelines. Final Report by Woods End Research Laboratories for the New York State Association of Recyclers. http://compost.css.cornell.edu/Brinton.pdf.

ABSTRACT:The arecanut palm, Areca catechu L. is the source of the common masticatory nut,popularly known as arecanut. Arecanut is one of the most important commercial crops in the Southeast Asia. The cultivation of arecanut can be traced back to Vedic periods. Arecanut was even used in Ayurvedic and Ethane veterinary medicines. Popularly known as betel nut or supari, arecanut grown in India, China, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines & Srilanka. India ranks first in arecanut production in the world. In India the cultivation of arecanut is mostly confined to Karnataka, Kerala & Assam.It is also cultivated to a small extent in Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Maharastra, Andra Pradesh, Meghalaya,Goa,Tripura, Puducherry,Mizoram,Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The share of Karnataka,Kerala & Assam in terms of total area under cultivation and production is around 83 percent. Karnataka stands first both in terms of area & production followed by Kerala & Assam. The area under arecanut cultivation has increased more rapidly in Shimoga district as compared to Dakshina Kannada & Uttara Kannada districts.

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[5]. Rajashekarappa, M.T., (2001), Impact of crop losses due to pests& diseases on cost structure of arecanut cultivation. An economic analysis in traditional malnad region of Karnataka. M.Sc(Agriculture) Thesis(unpublished),University of Agriculture University Bangaluru.
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ABSTRACT: Soils of the Rahat watershed in Nagpur district were studied for Physical, chemical and biological parameters and minimum data set was selected to assess the soil quality for making better soil specific management decisions. The soil properties of the Vertisols, Inceptisols and Entisols under various cropping system had show multivariations. The AWC ranges between 12.34 to 25.72 per cent and bulk density ranges from 1.2 to 1.6 Mg m-3. The saturated hydraulic conductivity of soils was ranged from 1.45 to 3.65 cm hr-1 indicating moderately to well drain. The mean weight diameter indicating soil aggregation ranged between 0.54 to 0.76 mm. The soils were slight to.....

(Key words: AWC, MWD, MDS, PCA, DHA, SMBC, SMBN, soil quality index)

[1]. Agarkar Deepti,V. Sushama, R. Ingale and Hemant Khambalkar, 2012. Characterization of some cotton growing soils of Wardha district of Vidarbha Region (M.S., India)J. Soils and Crops 22:159-167.
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