Version-1 (Sep-Oct-2012)
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ABSTRACT:A survey on the knowledge of sericulturists on adoption of organic farming practices in Chickballapur district of Karnataka revealed that majority (44.16%) of the sericulturists had low knowledge about organic farming practices followed by medium (35.83%) and high (20.00%) knowledge, respectively. With respect to the recommended individual organic farming practices, majority of sericulturists had correct knowledge about application of FYM (88.33%) and use of Ankush (82.50%). None of the sericulturists (100%) had correct knowledge about use of Tank silt, Seri-VAM, Seri-nematoguard, FYM + Neem Cake +Marigold intercrop in mulberry and use of Nysolynx thymus to control uji pest. Only negligible percentage of sericulturists had correct knowledge about use of Seri-bioguard (0.83%), Sunhemp as green manure (1.67%), Seri-mildew guard (1.67%), Seri-comporich (2.50%) and Azatabacter biofertilizer (2.50%). Out of 11 variables studied, four variables viz., family size, land holding, area under mulberry and social participation had positive and significant relationship with knowledge of sericulturists. All these variables have explained only 72.60 per cent variation in knowledge of sericulturists. Hence, it is necessary to intensify extension activities like group discussion meetings, training programmes, field visits, demonstrations etc., to enhance the knowledge of the sericulturists on organic farming practices. This will result in desired level of adoption of organic farming practices among sericulturists.
Key words: Sericulturists, Knowledge, Organic farming practices. Extension activities
Key words: Sericulturists, Knowledge, Organic farming practices. Extension activities
[1] Aswathanarayana, N., 1989. A study on knowledge and adoption of improved silkworm rearing practices and marketing problems of sericultirists in Kolar district. M.Sc.(Agri.) Thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences., Bangalore, P.119.
[2] Borkar, M.M., Chothe, G.D. and Lanjewar, A.D., 2000. Characteristics of farmers influencing their knowledge about use of biofertilizers. Maharashtra J.Extn.Edn., 19: 130-131.
[3] Dayananda and Kamble, C. K., 2008. Studies on the knowledge and adoption of integrated technology package and its impact on mulberry cultivation among sericultirists in Anekal division of Karnataka. Indian J. Seric., 47(2): 188-193.
[4] Jaishankar and Dandin, S.B., 2004. Socio-economic attributes in the adoption of improved sericultural technologies by farmers in Kolar District, Karnataka. Indian J. Seric., 43: 194-199.
[5] Krishna, M. and Bongale, U.D., 2001. Role of organic manures on growth and quality of mulberry leaf and cocoons. Indian Silk, 48(2):11-12.
[6] Lakshmanan, S. And Geethadevi, R.G., 2007. Knowledge and adoption levels of farmers of bivoltine and cross breed sericultural technologies. Indian J. Seric., 46(1): 72-75.
[7] Mahanthesh, H.K., 2000. A Study on Knowledge and adoption of indigenous technological practices among sericulturists. M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis, UAS, p. 242.
[8] Munikrishnappa, H. M., Jagadisha, K. and Srinivasa, G., 2002.Association of socio-economic characters with knowledge and adoption of improved sericultural practices by sericulturists in Mysore district. Indian J. Seric., 41(1):89-91.
[9] Narayanaswamy, B., Ramakrishna Naika., Narayana Gowda, K. and Govindan, R., 2005. Knowledge, Adoption and Perception of Sericulturists about Organic Sericulture. In: Progress of Research in Organic Sericulture and Seri Byproducts Utilization (Eds. R. Govindan, Ramakrishna Naika, B. Sannappa and D. Chandrappa). Seri Scientific Publishers, Bangalore, pp. 37-40.
[10] Rajashekar Reddy, K.P., 2006. A study on management efficiency of sericulturists in North Karnataka. M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis, UAS, Dharwad, pp. 80-85.
[2] Borkar, M.M., Chothe, G.D. and Lanjewar, A.D., 2000. Characteristics of farmers influencing their knowledge about use of biofertilizers. Maharashtra J.Extn.Edn., 19: 130-131.
[3] Dayananda and Kamble, C. K., 2008. Studies on the knowledge and adoption of integrated technology package and its impact on mulberry cultivation among sericultirists in Anekal division of Karnataka. Indian J. Seric., 47(2): 188-193.
[4] Jaishankar and Dandin, S.B., 2004. Socio-economic attributes in the adoption of improved sericultural technologies by farmers in Kolar District, Karnataka. Indian J. Seric., 43: 194-199.
[5] Krishna, M. and Bongale, U.D., 2001. Role of organic manures on growth and quality of mulberry leaf and cocoons. Indian Silk, 48(2):11-12.
[6] Lakshmanan, S. And Geethadevi, R.G., 2007. Knowledge and adoption levels of farmers of bivoltine and cross breed sericultural technologies. Indian J. Seric., 46(1): 72-75.
[7] Mahanthesh, H.K., 2000. A Study on Knowledge and adoption of indigenous technological practices among sericulturists. M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis, UAS, p. 242.
[8] Munikrishnappa, H. M., Jagadisha, K. and Srinivasa, G., 2002.Association of socio-economic characters with knowledge and adoption of improved sericultural practices by sericulturists in Mysore district. Indian J. Seric., 41(1):89-91.
[9] Narayanaswamy, B., Ramakrishna Naika., Narayana Gowda, K. and Govindan, R., 2005. Knowledge, Adoption and Perception of Sericulturists about Organic Sericulture. In: Progress of Research in Organic Sericulture and Seri Byproducts Utilization (Eds. R. Govindan, Ramakrishna Naika, B. Sannappa and D. Chandrappa). Seri Scientific Publishers, Bangalore, pp. 37-40.
[10] Rajashekar Reddy, K.P., 2006. A study on management efficiency of sericulturists in North Karnataka. M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis, UAS, Dharwad, pp. 80-85.
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ABSTRACT:In order to protect the endangered wild animal species, to maintain the biodiversity, controls the
poaching and finally to lock up the criminals behind bars, it is necessary to develop accurate and authentic
methods for identification of wild animals. The present work has been undertaken to verify the utility of species
specific primer for identification of various species of carnivore animals. The DNA from blood samples of tiger,
leopard, wolf and jackal were isolated by alcohol-chloroform method and subjected to PCR assay using species
specific primers. The results of the present study indicated that the species specific primer would be useful in
identification of carnivore animal species.
Key words:carnivore, DNA, PCR, primer sequence.
Key words:carnivore, DNA, PCR, primer sequence.
[1] Bhagavatula, J. and L. Singh (2006) Genotyping faecal samples of Bengal tiger Panthera tigris tigris for population estimation: A
pilot study. BMC Genetics 1471-2156-7-48.
[2] Janczewski, D. N.; W. S. Modi; J. C. Stephens and S. J. O'Brien (1995) molecular evolution of mitochondrial 12S RNA and
cytochrome b sequences in the Pantherine Linease of Felidae, molecular biology of evolution 12(4): 690-707.
[3] Kocher, T.D.; Thomas, W.K.; Meyer, A.M.; Edwards, S.V.; Paabo, S.; Villablanca, F.X. and Wilson, A.C. (1995). Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. (86): 6196-6200.
[4] Mukherjee, S.; C. N. Ashalakshmi; H. Chandrima and U. Ramakrishnan (2010) An evaluation of the PCR-RFLP technique to aid
molecular based monitoring of felids and canida in India. BMC Research Notes 2010, 3: 159.
[5] Pilgrim, K.L.; D. K. Boyd and S. H. Forbes (1998) Testing for wolf-coyote hybridization in the rocky mountain using
mitochondrial DNA. Journal of wildlife management 62 (2) 683-689
[6] Sambrook J. and D.W. Russell (2001) Molecular cloning – A laboratory manual. Third edition Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory
Press, New York.
[7] Uphyrkina, O.; Warren E. Johnson; Howard Quigley; Dale Miquelle and Laurie Marker (2001) Phylogenetics genome diversity and
origin of modern leopard, Panthera pardus. Journal of Molecular Ecology 10: 2617-2633.
[8] Villa, C.; I. R. Amorim; J. A. Leonard; D. Castroviejo and F. Pecrucci-Fonseca (1999) Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography and
population history of grey wolf Canis lupus. Journal of molecular ecology 8:2089-2103.
[9] Wayne, K. K.; A. Mayer; N. Lahman; B. Valkenburgh; P. W. Kat; T.K. Fuller and D. Girman (1989) large sequence divergence
among mitochondrial DNA genotypes within population of eastern African black –backed jackals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
87:1772-1776.
[10] Zhang, W.; Z. Zhang; F. Shen; R. Hou; L .V. Xiaoping and B. Yue (2006) Highly conserved D-loop-like nuclear mitochondrial
sequences (Numts) in tiger (Panthera tigris). Journal of Genetics, 85(2):106-109.
pilot study. BMC Genetics 1471-2156-7-48.
[2] Janczewski, D. N.; W. S. Modi; J. C. Stephens and S. J. O'Brien (1995) molecular evolution of mitochondrial 12S RNA and
cytochrome b sequences in the Pantherine Linease of Felidae, molecular biology of evolution 12(4): 690-707.
[3] Kocher, T.D.; Thomas, W.K.; Meyer, A.M.; Edwards, S.V.; Paabo, S.; Villablanca, F.X. and Wilson, A.C. (1995). Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. (86): 6196-6200.
[4] Mukherjee, S.; C. N. Ashalakshmi; H. Chandrima and U. Ramakrishnan (2010) An evaluation of the PCR-RFLP technique to aid
molecular based monitoring of felids and canida in India. BMC Research Notes 2010, 3: 159.
[5] Pilgrim, K.L.; D. K. Boyd and S. H. Forbes (1998) Testing for wolf-coyote hybridization in the rocky mountain using
mitochondrial DNA. Journal of wildlife management 62 (2) 683-689
[6] Sambrook J. and D.W. Russell (2001) Molecular cloning – A laboratory manual. Third edition Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory
Press, New York.
[7] Uphyrkina, O.; Warren E. Johnson; Howard Quigley; Dale Miquelle and Laurie Marker (2001) Phylogenetics genome diversity and
origin of modern leopard, Panthera pardus. Journal of Molecular Ecology 10: 2617-2633.
[8] Villa, C.; I. R. Amorim; J. A. Leonard; D. Castroviejo and F. Pecrucci-Fonseca (1999) Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography and
population history of grey wolf Canis lupus. Journal of molecular ecology 8:2089-2103.
[9] Wayne, K. K.; A. Mayer; N. Lahman; B. Valkenburgh; P. W. Kat; T.K. Fuller and D. Girman (1989) large sequence divergence
among mitochondrial DNA genotypes within population of eastern African black –backed jackals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
87:1772-1776.
[10] Zhang, W.; Z. Zhang; F. Shen; R. Hou; L .V. Xiaoping and B. Yue (2006) Highly conserved D-loop-like nuclear mitochondrial
sequences (Numts) in tiger (Panthera tigris). Journal of Genetics, 85(2):106-109.
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ABSTRACT:Varying levels of chemical fertilizers i.e. NPK and vermicompost significantly influenced the yield
attributing characters and growth and biomass production in cabbage (Brassica oleraceae var.capitata) cv. Pride of
India. There were six treatments (T₁: control i,e without any fertilizer; T₂: NPK @140:140:140 kg/ha; T₃:
NPK@105:105:105 kg/ha + Vermicompost @ 1 ton/ha; T₄: NPK@70:70:70 kg/ha + Vermicompost @ 2tons/ha;
T₅: NPK@35:35:35 kg/ha + Vermicompost @ 3 tons/ha; T₆: Vermicompost @ 4 tons/ha) each replicated four
times. A maximum of 58.67% increase in yield over control was observed in a combined application of NPK and
vermicompost in halves of their recommended doses.
Key words:NPK, Vermicompost, recommended dose, Brassica oleraceae var. capitata, yield.
Key words:NPK, Vermicompost, recommended dose, Brassica oleraceae var. capitata, yield.
[1] Ambika, S. R. and Kurian, G. S. (2004) Organic formulations for effective growth and yield in vegetables. J.Curr.Sci. 5(1):41-48.
[2] Bano, K.; Kale, R. D. and Satyavathi, G. P. (1996) Vermicompost as fertilizers for vegetable crops. In: Vermicompost- Crown Jewel of
Organic farming. [Radha D. Kale Ed:] Published by N.D. Kale, India.
[3] Edwards, C. A. and Lofty, J. C. (1977) Biology of Earthworms. 2nd. Edn., Chapman and Hall, London: 333.
[4] Ismail, S. A. (2005) The Earthworm Book, Other India Press. Goa, India: 1-80
[5] Jothi, L. J.; Mani, A. K.; Pappiah, C. M. and Rajagoplan, R. (1993) Influence of NPK and Azospirillium on yield of Cabbage. South
Indian Horticulture 41: 270-272.
[6] Kale, R.D. (1996) Earthworms- The significant contributors to Organic farming and Sustainable Agriculture. In: Organic farming and
Sustainable Agriculture. (Eds.G.K.Veeresh; K. Shivashankar and M.A.Singlachar) Publ. Association for promotion o organic farming. :
52-57.
[7] Krishnamoorthy, R. V. and Vajranabhaih, S. N. (1986) Biological activity of earthworm casts: An assessment of plant growth promoter
levels in the casts. Proc Indian Acad Sci (Anim Sci), 95: 341-351.
[8] Lee, K. E. (1985) Earthworms: Their Ecology and Relationships with Soils and Land Use, Academic Press, London: 411.
[9] Mahendran, P. P. and Kumar, N. (1997). Effect of organic manure on cabbage w. Hero (Brassica Oleraceae var. Capitata L.). South
Indian Hort. 45(5&6): 240-243.
[10] Morris, V. S. (1950) Proc. 4th Annual Rio Gransde Valley. Horticulture Society. 33-39.
[2] Bano, K.; Kale, R. D. and Satyavathi, G. P. (1996) Vermicompost as fertilizers for vegetable crops. In: Vermicompost- Crown Jewel of
Organic farming. [Radha D. Kale Ed:] Published by N.D. Kale, India.
[3] Edwards, C. A. and Lofty, J. C. (1977) Biology of Earthworms. 2nd. Edn., Chapman and Hall, London: 333.
[4] Ismail, S. A. (2005) The Earthworm Book, Other India Press. Goa, India: 1-80
[5] Jothi, L. J.; Mani, A. K.; Pappiah, C. M. and Rajagoplan, R. (1993) Influence of NPK and Azospirillium on yield of Cabbage. South
Indian Horticulture 41: 270-272.
[6] Kale, R.D. (1996) Earthworms- The significant contributors to Organic farming and Sustainable Agriculture. In: Organic farming and
Sustainable Agriculture. (Eds.G.K.Veeresh; K. Shivashankar and M.A.Singlachar) Publ. Association for promotion o organic farming. :
52-57.
[7] Krishnamoorthy, R. V. and Vajranabhaih, S. N. (1986) Biological activity of earthworm casts: An assessment of plant growth promoter
levels in the casts. Proc Indian Acad Sci (Anim Sci), 95: 341-351.
[8] Lee, K. E. (1985) Earthworms: Their Ecology and Relationships with Soils and Land Use, Academic Press, London: 411.
[9] Mahendran, P. P. and Kumar, N. (1997). Effect of organic manure on cabbage w. Hero (Brassica Oleraceae var. Capitata L.). South
Indian Hort. 45(5&6): 240-243.
[10] Morris, V. S. (1950) Proc. 4th Annual Rio Gransde Valley. Horticulture Society. 33-39.
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ABSTRACT:The culture of shrimp received maximum importance due to its unique taste, high nutritive value and
persistent demand in world market. In the present study an attempt has been made to culture the giant tiger
shrimp, P. monodon. The salinity of the culture pond was ranging between 26-30 ppt and pH was 7.8 to 8.2.
Minimum 4.5 ppm dissolved oxygen and maximum 5.5 ppm was recorded during the culture period. The
temperature was ranging between 28 to 30°C and the transparency was 38 to 55 cm. The culture was done for
140 days and the average body weight of the harvested animals is 40.2 g. The total production was 2,563 kg and
the survival rate was 85%. The FCR was 1.25 and the net profit was calculated as Rs. 3, 25,037. So it is
confirmed that 10 m2 is an ideal stocking density for the culture of P. monodon as evidenced from the net profit
Rs. 3, 25,0371. To get this profit, proper water quality management and feed management is essential.
Key words: Penaeus monodon; fertilizers; growth; survival; FCR; profit
Key words: Penaeus monodon; fertilizers; growth; survival; FCR; profit
[1] Boyd, C. E. 2001. Water quality standards: pH. The advocate, pp: 18.
[2] Chanratchkool, P., J.F. Turunbull and C. Limsunean,1994. Health management in Shrimp ponds. Aquatic Health Research Institute,
Department of Fisheries, Kasetasart University, Bankok, pp: 91.
[3] Cheekait, N. G. 1995. Micro-encapsulation application in aquaculture. Aqua International, pp: 28-29.
[4] Chen, H.C., 1985. Water quality criteria for farming the grass shrimp, Penaeus monodon in: Proceedings of the fist International
conference on culture of Penaid prawns/ shrimps, edited by Y, Take, J.H. Primavera and J.A. Liobrea, pp: 165.
[5] Collins, A. and B. Russell, 2003. Inland Prawn farming trail in Australia. Pond study tests Penaeus monodon performance in low
salinity ground water. Global aquaculture advocate, pp: 74-75.
[6] Gilles Le Molluae, 2001. Enviromenatl factors affect immune response and resistance in Crustacesns. The advocate, pp: 99.
[7] Karthikean, J., 1994. Aquaculture (Shrimp farming) its influence on environment. Technical paper submitted pp: 28-29. to the
seminar 'Our Environment-Its challenges to development projects'. 9-10 September 1994. American Society of Civil Engineers,
Culcutta, India.
[8] Krantz, G. C. and J. Norris, 1975. Proceedings of 6th Annual World workshop, Maricualture
Society, Seattle, Washington, 27-31, January, 6: 48-51.
[9] MPEDA, 2006. Media campaign on 'Welfare schemes of Central Government" Gopichettipalayam on 27 and 28 January.
[10] Muthu, M.S., 1980. Site selection and type of farms for coastal aquaculture of prawns. Proceedings of the of Symposium on shrimp
farming, Bombay, 16-18. August, Marine Products Export Development Authority, pp: 97-106.
[2] Chanratchkool, P., J.F. Turunbull and C. Limsunean,1994. Health management in Shrimp ponds. Aquatic Health Research Institute,
Department of Fisheries, Kasetasart University, Bankok, pp: 91.
[3] Cheekait, N. G. 1995. Micro-encapsulation application in aquaculture. Aqua International, pp: 28-29.
[4] Chen, H.C., 1985. Water quality criteria for farming the grass shrimp, Penaeus monodon in: Proceedings of the fist International
conference on culture of Penaid prawns/ shrimps, edited by Y, Take, J.H. Primavera and J.A. Liobrea, pp: 165.
[5] Collins, A. and B. Russell, 2003. Inland Prawn farming trail in Australia. Pond study tests Penaeus monodon performance in low
salinity ground water. Global aquaculture advocate, pp: 74-75.
[6] Gilles Le Molluae, 2001. Enviromenatl factors affect immune response and resistance in Crustacesns. The advocate, pp: 99.
[7] Karthikean, J., 1994. Aquaculture (Shrimp farming) its influence on environment. Technical paper submitted pp: 28-29. to the
seminar 'Our Environment-Its challenges to development projects'. 9-10 September 1994. American Society of Civil Engineers,
Culcutta, India.
[8] Krantz, G. C. and J. Norris, 1975. Proceedings of 6th Annual World workshop, Maricualture
Society, Seattle, Washington, 27-31, January, 6: 48-51.
[9] MPEDA, 2006. Media campaign on 'Welfare schemes of Central Government" Gopichettipalayam on 27 and 28 January.
[10] Muthu, M.S., 1980. Site selection and type of farms for coastal aquaculture of prawns. Proceedings of the of Symposium on shrimp
farming, Bombay, 16-18. August, Marine Products Export Development Authority, pp: 97-106.
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ABSTRACT:In recent years, with advent of the development of efficient plant regeneration systems in cereal
crops, the field of recombinant DNA technology has opened up new avenues for genetic transformation of crop
plants. This paper describes the genes involved in the wheat grown in different seasons namely winter and
summer. The concerned genes have been studied and the paper makes an attempt towards a union of both
varieties to produce a wheat that can be grown throughout the year (evergreen).The first winter group includes
the regulatory regions of VRN1 and VRN3 genes or in the coding regions of VRN2. CBF transcription factors
are known regulators of the COR genes (COld Regulated genes) which confer tolerance to subsequent freezing
temperatures (acclimation). The WCS120 gene is specifically induced by low temperature (LT) and encodes a
protein that is thought to play an important role in the cold acclimation process in wheat. The second summer
group includes the basic two heat shock genes, hsp17 and hsp70. These genes regulate the heat shock condition
of the wheat crop. Researchers have found out introducing a novel. DREB transcriptional factor into wheat is
an effective way to improve its drought-tolerance ability. It has also been found that the 5A chromosome plays a
major regulatory role in GSH* and hmGSH** (the chief enzymes which help the plant cope up) synthesis during
heat stress in wheat. There is yet another group of genes known as the WRKY genes which help in regulation of
both of the above stresses. Hence, we have focused our attention to the work done in the conversion of winter
wheat occurring at the time of green revolution into summer wheat. Modifications in the above gene groups of
the present day wheat can lead to the origin of a new variety of wheat which could be tolerant to both of the
extremes of stresses and could be grown throughout the year with minimum attention.
*GSH - Reduced glutathione, ** hmGSH – Reduced hydroxymethyl glutathione
Key words:GSH, hmGSH, VRN1, VRN2, VRN3, COR genes, WCS120, HSP17, HSP70, DREB, WRKY
Key words:GSH, hmGSH, VRN1, VRN2, VRN3, COR genes, WCS120, HSP17, HSP70, DREB, WRKY
[1] Baga M. et al, Funct. Integr. Genomics 7 (2007) 53–68.
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[2] Bedo´ Z.et al, Euphytica 100 (1998) 179-182.
[3] Bradford M.M., Anal. Biochem. 72 (1976) 248–254.
[4] Cockram J.et al, Theor. Appl. Genet. 115 (2007) 993–1001.
[5] Crosatti C. et al, Planta 196 (1995) 458–463.
[6] Dubcovsky J. et al, Theor. Appl. Genet. 97 (1998) 968–975.
[7] Francia E. et al, Theor. Appl. Genet. 108 (2004) 670–680.
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ABSTRACT:Caseous lymphadenitis has been globally a prevalent disease among farmed small ruminants for
over a century. As its chronic disease, sex hormone profiles and cellular changes of reproductive organs in
infections associated with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosisis and its exotoxin phospholipase D has been
very few or absent. This study was conducted to acquire a better way of understanding the reproductive
pathophysiology response of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosisis and its exotoxin in mouse model. In this
study, 64 healthy mice, 2-3 weeks old, were divided equally into 3 groups, where the first group of mice were
intraperitoneally inoculated with 1.0 ml of sterile phosphate buffer solution (PBS), pH 7, the second group of
mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with 1.0 ml of 109 colony forming unit (CFU) of live C.
pseudotuberculosis and the third group of mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with 1.0 ml of single dose of
exotoxin (PLD) extracted from C. pseudotuberculosis. Following infection, clinical signs were observed and
blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture for sex hormone analysis. For microscopic examinations, the
mice were euthanized using cervical dislocation approach and the reproductive organs were collected. The
results revealed that there was no significant differences (p<0.05) in the concentration of estrogen and
progesterone levels between whole cell and exotoxin groups. Concentration of progesterone in PLD treated
group (15.37 ± 2.32 pg/ml) was lower than control group (17.61 ± 2.91pg/ml). The concentration of
testosterone in C. pseudotuberculosis (2.98 ± 3.70 pg/ml) was significantly (p<0.05) different from both control
group (16.58 ± 3.67 pg/ml) and PLD (11.84 ± 3.19 pg/ml). Microscopically, cellular changes were observed in
organs included ovaries, uterus, testicles and epididymis. In C. pseudotuberculosis infected group, infiltration of
polymorph nuclear leukocytes with congestion, degeneration and necrosis were documented in almost all
investigated parameters. For exotoxin PLD infected group, the observed cellular changes included severe
hemorrhage, thrombus formation, degeneration, vacuolation and necrosis. Therefore, the results of this study
indicate that there were significant differences in sex hormones and cellular changes of reproductive organs
associated with infection Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosisis and its exotoxin phospholipase D (PLD).
Key words: Caseous Lymphadenitis, C. pseudotuberculosis, Hormones, Phosholipase D, Reproduction
Key words: Caseous Lymphadenitis, C. pseudotuberculosis, Hormones, Phosholipase D, Reproduction
[1] Williamson, LH. Caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 17, 2001,
359-371.
[2] Stoops, SG., Renshaw, HW, and Thilsted, JP. Ovine caseous lymphadenitis: disease prevalence, lesion distribution, and thoracic
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[5] Miers, KC, and Ley, WB. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in the horse: study of 117 clinical cases and consideration
of etiopathogenesis. American Journal of Veterinary Medical Association, 177, 1980, 250-253.
[6] Poonacha, K.B, and Donahue, J.M. Abortion in a mare associated with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection. Journal of
Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 7, 1995, 563–564.
[7] Adekeye, J.D., Shannon, D, and Addo, P.B. Mastitis in a cow caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (C. ovis). Veterinary
Recearch, 106, 1980, 270.
[8] Anderson, M.L., Lean, I. J, and Blanchard, P.C. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis associated skin disease of Holstein cattle in
the San Joaquin Valley, California. Bovine Practice, 25, 1990, 73–75.
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clinical and epidemiological studies. Veterinary Record, 140, 1997, 423–427.
[10] Braga,W.U., Chavera, A., and Gonzalez, A. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in highland alpacas (Lama pacos) in
Peru. Veterinary Record, 159, 2006, 23–24.
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the San Joaquin Valley, California. Bovine Practice, 25, 1990, 73–75.
[9] Yeruham, I., Elad, D., Van Ham, M., Shpigel, N.Y, and Perl, S. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in Israeli cattle:
clinical and epidemiological studies. Veterinary Record, 140, 1997, 423–427.
[10] Braga,W.U., Chavera, A., and Gonzalez, A. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in highland alpacas (Lama pacos) in
Peru. Veterinary Record, 159, 2006, 23–24.
- Citation
- Abstract
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Role of gypsum and compost in reclaiming saline-sodic soils |
Country | : | Egypt |
Authors | : | Mohamed K. Abdel-Fattah |
: | 10.9790/2380-0133038 |
ABSTRACT:A leaching experiment using columns technique was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of
gypsum, water hyacinth compost "WHC", rice straw compost "RSC" and their different combinations on
reclamation of clay saline-sodic soils. Soils were collected from Sahl El-Hossinia, El-Sharkia Governorate,
Egypt. The results of the study indicated that all the used amendments either, singly or in combination showed a
pronounced decreased in EC, pH, SAR, and ESP compared with control. The results showed that combined
treatments more efficient than single one. Increase the rate of gypsum used leads to an increase in decrease
salinity as well as sodicity. Concerning WHC and RSC, Results showed that, RSC showed a relatively greater
effect on reducing EC, pH, SAR and ESP compared with WHC. The studied treatments could be arranged in the
following order, 100% GR + 20 Mgfed-1 RSC > 100% GR + 20 Mgfed-1 WHC > 50% GR + 10 Mgfed-1 RSC >
50% GR + 10 Mgfed-1 WHC > 100% GR > RSC > WHC > control. This study suggests that application of
gypsum combined with WHC or RSC enhanced reclamation and caused more decreases in salinity as well as
sodicity.
Key words: saline, sodic, Soil, gypsum, water hyacinth, rice straw, compost
Key words: saline, sodic, Soil, gypsum, water hyacinth, rice straw, compost
[1] FAO, The use of saline water for crop production. Irrigation and Drainage Paper, 48, 1992, Rome.
[2] E. Amezketa, R. Aragues, and R. Gazol, Efficiency of Sulfuric acid, mined gypsum and two gypsum by-products in Soil crusting
prevention and sodic soil reclamation. Agron. J., 97,2005, 983-989.
[3] V. N. L. Wong, R. C. Dalal, and R. S. B. Greene, Carbon dynamics of sodic and saline soils following gypsum and organic material
additions: a laboratory incubation. Applied Soil Ecology, 41, 2009, 29-40.
[4] M. A. Hamza and W. K. Anderson, Responses of soil properties and grain yields to deep ripping and gypsum application in a
compacted loamy sand soil contrasted with a sandy clay loam soil in Western Australia. Australian Journal of Agricultural
Research, 54, 2003, 273-282.
[5] W. H. Vance, J. M. Tisdell and B. M. McKenzie, Residual effects of surface application of organic matter and calcium salts on the
subsoil of a red brown earth. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 38, 1998, 595-600.
[6 ] M. Iranzo, J. V. Canizares, L. R. Perez, I. S. Pardo, S. Mormeneo and R. Boluda, Characteristics of rice straw and sewage sludge
as composting materials in Valencia (Spain). Bioresource Technology, 95, 2004, 107-112
[7] E. L. Ndiaye, J. M. Sandeno, D. Mcgrath, and R. P. Dick, Integrative biological indicators for detecting change in soil quality.
American Journal of Alternative Agriculture, 15, 2000, 26-36.
[8] E. Madejon, R. Lopez, J. M. Murillo and F. Cabrera, Agricultural use of three (sugar beet) vinasse composts: Effect on crops and
chemical properties of Cambisol soil in the Gauadalquivir river valley (SW Spain). Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 84,
2001, 55-65. Desalinization leaching constant (k) Desodification leaching constant (k)
[9] S. Melero, E. Madejón, J. F. Herencia1 and J. C. Ruiz, Biochemical properties of two different textured soils (loam and clay) after
the addition of two different composts during conversion to organic farming. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(4), 2007,
593-604.
[10] R. G. Courtney and G. J. Mullen, Soil quality and barley growth as influenced by the land application of two compost types.
Bioresource Technology, 99, 2008, 2913- 2918.
[2] E. Amezketa, R. Aragues, and R. Gazol, Efficiency of Sulfuric acid, mined gypsum and two gypsum by-products in Soil crusting
prevention and sodic soil reclamation. Agron. J., 97,2005, 983-989.
[3] V. N. L. Wong, R. C. Dalal, and R. S. B. Greene, Carbon dynamics of sodic and saline soils following gypsum and organic material
additions: a laboratory incubation. Applied Soil Ecology, 41, 2009, 29-40.
[4] M. A. Hamza and W. K. Anderson, Responses of soil properties and grain yields to deep ripping and gypsum application in a
compacted loamy sand soil contrasted with a sandy clay loam soil in Western Australia. Australian Journal of Agricultural
Research, 54, 2003, 273-282.
[5] W. H. Vance, J. M. Tisdell and B. M. McKenzie, Residual effects of surface application of organic matter and calcium salts on the
subsoil of a red brown earth. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 38, 1998, 595-600.
[6 ] M. Iranzo, J. V. Canizares, L. R. Perez, I. S. Pardo, S. Mormeneo and R. Boluda, Characteristics of rice straw and sewage sludge
as composting materials in Valencia (Spain). Bioresource Technology, 95, 2004, 107-112
[7] E. L. Ndiaye, J. M. Sandeno, D. Mcgrath, and R. P. Dick, Integrative biological indicators for detecting change in soil quality.
American Journal of Alternative Agriculture, 15, 2000, 26-36.
[8] E. Madejon, R. Lopez, J. M. Murillo and F. Cabrera, Agricultural use of three (sugar beet) vinasse composts: Effect on crops and
chemical properties of Cambisol soil in the Gauadalquivir river valley (SW Spain). Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 84,
2001, 55-65. Desalinization leaching constant (k) Desodification leaching constant (k)
[9] S. Melero, E. Madejón, J. F. Herencia1 and J. C. Ruiz, Biochemical properties of two different textured soils (loam and clay) after
the addition of two different composts during conversion to organic farming. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(4), 2007,
593-604.
[10] R. G. Courtney and G. J. Mullen, Soil quality and barley growth as influenced by the land application of two compost types.
Bioresource Technology, 99, 2008, 2913- 2918.
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
ABSTRACT:Endemic to North-East India's jungles, the Mithun (Bos frontalis) is a rare bovine species. According
to the 2003 livestock census, Mithun population in India is 0.28 million out of which the highest number of
1,92,000 Mithuns have been recorded in Arunachal Pradesh followed by 40,000 in Nagaland, 20,000 in Manipur
and 2,000 in Mizoram.
Deeply rooted in the mythology and being an integral part of cultural life especially among the Tani
Groups viz. Adi, Apatani, Galo, Nyishi and Tagin, Mithun is not only considered as one of the most important
cultural resources of these tribes but also the pride of Arunachal Pradesh. Due to its inherent socio-cultural and
economic dynamism, Mithun plays a multidimensional role in the tribal society of the state. The wealth of a
person is often gauged by the number of Mithuns he possesses and thus determines his/her social status.
The Mithun is regarded as a symbol of prestige and was traditionally used as a medium of exchange (which is
still a common practice among the people residing in villages), a means to settling disputes, and as the bride
price. They also provide calories and protein, and are essential part of community feasts especially during
festivals and other important social occasions. Besides, Mithun is also considered as a social security during
any kind of emergency in health and other household related problems etc. Yet, Mithuns are a semi
domesticated animal and reared under free grazing condition.
Key words: mythology, cultural resources, economic dynamism, commoditisation, sustainable management.
Key words: mythology, cultural resources, economic dynamism, commoditisation, sustainable management.
[1] Livestock census, 2007, India.
[2] Annual Report of National Research Center on Mithun, Medzipema, Nagaland (2003-2004).
[3] M.G. Shisode, A.V. Khanvilkar, M.D. Kulkarni, S.R. Samant, G.B.Yadav and M.S. Bawaskar (2009): "Mithun : The Pride animal
of North-eastern hilly region of India", Veterinary World Vol.2 (12).
[4] K C Das, G Mukherjee*, K K Baruah, K Khate and C Rajkhowa (2011): "Study of growth performance and leather quality in
mithun (Bos frontalis) and its comparison with local cattle (Bos indicus) fed on tree leaves based ration", Livestock Research For
Rural development, Vol 23 (5), Columbia.
[5] Taba Heli: "Sustainable Management of Mithuns in Arunachal Pradesh", paper unpublished, KVK, Papum Pare, Itanagar.
[2] Annual Report of National Research Center on Mithun, Medzipema, Nagaland (2003-2004).
[3] M.G. Shisode, A.V. Khanvilkar, M.D. Kulkarni, S.R. Samant, G.B.Yadav and M.S. Bawaskar (2009): "Mithun : The Pride animal
of North-eastern hilly region of India", Veterinary World Vol.2 (12).
[4] K C Das, G Mukherjee*, K K Baruah, K Khate and C Rajkhowa (2011): "Study of growth performance and leather quality in
mithun (Bos frontalis) and its comparison with local cattle (Bos indicus) fed on tree leaves based ration", Livestock Research For
Rural development, Vol 23 (5), Columbia.
[5] Taba Heli: "Sustainable Management of Mithuns in Arunachal Pradesh", paper unpublished, KVK, Papum Pare, Itanagar.
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
ABSTRACT:The present study estimated the genetic diversity of Tunisian populations of Medicago ciliaris L. by
assessing nine morphological pod traits among 14 local populations conserved at the National Gene Bank of
Tunisia. Pod diameter and pod weight were the most discriminating variables and were significantly correlated.
According to Nei statistical analyses, mean genetic diversity (HT) for all traits recorded across all populations
averaged 0.300 and ranged from 0.438 for pod shape to 0.204 for angle of insertion of spines. High genetic
differentiation among populations (GST = 0.213) for all traits and particularly for qualitative ones (GST = 0.324)
was found. Angle of insertion of spine displayed a little genetic variation among populations (HT = 0.204) while
pod shape displayed a high level of genetic variation (HT = 0.349). It appears that pod characters are useful
tools for a preliminary investigation of genetic diversity of Medicago ciliaris L. populations. These traits helped
us to differentiate the population from Dougga as an ecotype.
Key words:Medicago ciliaris L.; pods morphology, genetic diversity; local populations
Key words:Medicago ciliaris L.; pods morphology, genetic diversity; local populations
[1] P.W. Hedrick, M.E. Ginevan, E.P. Ewing, Genetic polymorphism in heterogeneous environments. The Annual Review of Ecology,
Evolution, and Systematics 7, 1976, 1–32.
[2] M. Badri, A. Zitoun, H. Ilahi, T. Huguet and M. E .Aouani, Morphological and microsatellite diversity associated with ecological
factors in natural populations of Medicago laciniata Mill. (Fabaceae). Journal of Genetics 87, 2008, 241-255.
[3] C. C. Heyn, The annual species of Medicago Scipta hierosly mitana (125), 1963, 131p.
[4] K. A. Lesins, and I. Lesins, Genus Medicago (Leguminosae). A taxogenetic study. W Junk Publishers: The Hague, Boston, London
(1979).
[5] A. Abdelkefi, M. Boussaïd, A. Biborchi, A. Haddioui, A. Salhi-Hanachi, M. Marrakchi, Genetic diversity and valuation of
spontaneous species belonging to Medicago L. Genus in Tunisia. CIHEAM-IAMZ, 143-149 p. Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes ,
18 In Genier G. (Ed), Prosperi J.M. (Ed) 1996.
[6] E. Small, and M. Jomphe, A synopsis of the genus Medicago (Leguminosae). Canadian Journal of Botany 67,1989, 3260-3294.
[7] G. Pottier-Alapetite, Flore de la Tunisie. Angiospermes-Dicotylédones. Apétales-Dialypétales1979. 649p. 2ème partie. Edition
Imprimerie Officielle de la République Tunisienne.
[8] K. Lesins and C. B. Gillies, Taxonomy and Cytogenetics of Medicago.. Reprinted from Alfalfa Science & technology 1972 Chapter
3. pp 53-86. Monograph 15. American society of agronomy.
[9] M. F. Ahmed, A study of the cyto-taxonomy for conservation of genetic resources for forage legumes (Medicago species) in
Omayed Bisophere reserve. Egypt, 1994. 135 pp. 8pls. 5 annexes.
[10] IBPGR, Descriptors lists for annual Medicago. International Board for Plant Genetic Resources. (Via dell sette. 142. Rome (Italy),
1991, 33p).
Evolution, and Systematics 7, 1976, 1–32.
[2] M. Badri, A. Zitoun, H. Ilahi, T. Huguet and M. E .Aouani, Morphological and microsatellite diversity associated with ecological
factors in natural populations of Medicago laciniata Mill. (Fabaceae). Journal of Genetics 87, 2008, 241-255.
[3] C. C. Heyn, The annual species of Medicago Scipta hierosly mitana (125), 1963, 131p.
[4] K. A. Lesins, and I. Lesins, Genus Medicago (Leguminosae). A taxogenetic study. W Junk Publishers: The Hague, Boston, London
(1979).
[5] A. Abdelkefi, M. Boussaïd, A. Biborchi, A. Haddioui, A. Salhi-Hanachi, M. Marrakchi, Genetic diversity and valuation of
spontaneous species belonging to Medicago L. Genus in Tunisia. CIHEAM-IAMZ, 143-149 p. Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes ,
18 In Genier G. (Ed), Prosperi J.M. (Ed) 1996.
[6] E. Small, and M. Jomphe, A synopsis of the genus Medicago (Leguminosae). Canadian Journal of Botany 67,1989, 3260-3294.
[7] G. Pottier-Alapetite, Flore de la Tunisie. Angiospermes-Dicotylédones. Apétales-Dialypétales1979. 649p. 2ème partie. Edition
Imprimerie Officielle de la République Tunisienne.
[8] K. Lesins and C. B. Gillies, Taxonomy and Cytogenetics of Medicago.. Reprinted from Alfalfa Science & technology 1972 Chapter
3. pp 53-86. Monograph 15. American society of agronomy.
[9] M. F. Ahmed, A study of the cyto-taxonomy for conservation of genetic resources for forage legumes (Medicago species) in
Omayed Bisophere reserve. Egypt, 1994. 135 pp. 8pls. 5 annexes.
[10] IBPGR, Descriptors lists for annual Medicago. International Board for Plant Genetic Resources. (Via dell sette. 142. Rome (Italy),
1991, 33p).