IOSR-JAVS   Volume-10 ~ Issue-1 ~ JAN-2017

ABSTRACT: The present experiment was conducted to study variations in milk Somatic Cell Count( SCC), pH and activity of whey enzyme Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) in relation to different udder health status of sheep. The average values of milk SCC, pH, and LDH differed significantly (P<0.01) among various udder health status of sheep. The mean difference for SCC of milk showed significant (P<0.01) differences varying from 2.89 to 35.45 x 105. The average milk pH values ranged from 6.44 ± 0.006 to 7.22 ± 0.03. Also, LDH showed significant (P<0.01) differences among various udder health status of sheep.

Keywords: Lactate dehydrogenase, pH, Sheep, Somatic Cell Count.

[1]. Banga, H. S., P. P. Gupta, S. P. Ahuja, A. K. Srivstava and K. S. Roy. Biochemical alterations in the blood, milk and tissues of
sheep mammary gland after experimental mycoplasmal mastitis. Acta Vet. BRNO, 58, 1989: 97-111.
[2]. Bogin, E. and G. Ziv, (1973). Enzymes and minerals in normal and mastitis milk. Cornell vet. 63 : 666-676.
[3]. Gatenby, R. M. ,(1986) : Sheep production in the tropics and sub-tropics. 1st Edn. New York, Longman Inc.
[4]. Gonzalo, C., A, Ariznabarreta, J. A. Carriedo, F. San Primitivo, (2002), Mammary pathogens and their relationship to somatic cell
count and milk yield losses in dairy ewes. Journal of Dairy Science, 85: 1460-1467.
[5]. Heeschen, W. (1996). Influence of mastitis on quality and hygiene characteristics of milk. Praktische Tierartz. 77 (3) : 223-226.
(Abst. Dairy Sci., 59 : 1005).

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the impact of agriculture output volatility on economic growth in Nigeria using time series data from 1970 – 2013. It employed the ordinary least square technique and Exponential generalized Autoregressive conditional hetroscedasticity (EQARCH) analysis. Generalized Autoregressive conditional Hetroscedasticity (GARCH) model has been applied in this study to calculate volatility of agriculture output. Augmented dickey fuller is applied for unit root test while the Eigen value test are used to capture the long term effect of there variables on economic performance..........

Keywords: Output volatility, Economic growth, GARCH, & EGARCH.

[1]. Akram, W., Hussain, Z., Sabir, H.M. Hussain (2008). Impact of Agricultural Credit on growth and poverty in Pakistan (Time Series Analysis). European Journal of Scientific Research, 23(2), 243-251.
[2]. Alpaslan, A 2011, Volatility of Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from the Czech Republic and Hungary. Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
[3]. Anthony, E. (2010). Agricultural Credit and Economic Growth in Nigeria: An Empirical Analysis: Economics Department, Ambrose Alli University Ekpoma, Nigeria.
[4]. Armas, E.B., C.G. Osorio, B. Moreno-Dodson and D.E. Abriningrum, (2012). Agriculture Public Spending and Growth in Indonesia. The World Bank, East Asia Region, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Unit. Policy Research Working Paper No. 5977.
[5]. Awokuse, O. T. (2009). Does Agriculture Really Matters for Economic Growth in Developing Countries? : Department of Food & Resource Economics University of Delaware Newark, DE 19717, USA.

ABSTRACT: Pig livestock is one of the superior livestock among people in Papua, thus it is expected that this livestock could become one alternative to alleviate poverty and improve domestic food security where pig livestock has important value in social, cultural, religious and economy manner. Lembaga Pengem bangan MasyarakatAmugmedanKamoro (LPMAK) is community institution in Mimika Papua that has social responsibility to improve their people well-being, particularly for pig farmer in seven ethnics in Mimika, that are in Dani, Damal, Amungme, Moni, Nduga, Kamoro and Mee. Objectives of this study is to found out contribution of pig livestock for well-being improvement among pig farmer in Mimika through............

Keywords: Income Contribution of Pig Farmer, Poverty, Factors Influencing Pig Livestock and Mimika, Papua

[1]. Ahmadi. 2012. SarjanaMembangunDesaTurutMemberdayakan Usaha Peternakan Rakyat. FakultasPeternakan. UniversitasDiponegoro. Semarang.
[2]. Famiola M. BambangRudito. 2013. CoperateSosialResponbility. RekajasaSains Bandung
[3]. Hikmat, Harry,2001.StrategiPemberdayaanMasyarakat, HumanioraUtama. Bandung
[4]. Hasan S. 2010. PemberdayaanEkonomiKerakyatanDalamUpayaMenekanKemiskinandanPengangguran.OlehMenteri Negara Koperasidan Usaha Kecil sertaMenengah.(artikelLokakarya Nasional Bagi Legislator PartaiRepublika Nusantara di Jakarta).
[5]. Hastuti, dkk., (2009). Model Pemberdayaan Prempuan Miskin Berbasis Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Perdesaan; Upaya PengentasanKemiskinan di Perdesaan.(Studi di LerengMerapi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta), UniversitasNegeri Yogyakarta.

ABSTRACT: The objective of the present study was to characterize commercial fir honey produced in different regions in Greece and investigate the possibility of geographical classification using data sets of physicochemical parameters, colour attributes, and volatile compounds using multivariate analysis techniques. For this purpose, 43 fir honey samples were collected during harvesting periods 2010-2013 from five different regions in Greece. Physicochemical parameters (electrical conductivity, ash, pH, moisture, free acidity, lactonic acidity, total acidity, lactonic to free acidity ratio) were determined using official methods of analysis...........

Keywords: Characterization, commercial honey, physicochemical parameters, colour, browning index, volatiles, chemometrics

[1]. P. Chaikham, V. Kemsawasd, and A. Apichartsrangkoon, Effects of conventional and ultrasound treatments on physicochemical properties and antioxidant capacity of floral honeys from Northern Thailand, Food Bioscience, 15, 2016, 19-26.

[2]. I.K. Karabagias, A. Badeka, S. Kontakos, S. Karabournioti, and M.G. Kontominas, Characterisation and classification of Greek pine honeys according to their geographical origin based on volatiles, physicochemical parameters and chemometrics, Food Chemistry,146, 2014, 548–557.
[3]. E. Alissandrakis, P.A. Tarantilis, P.C. Harizanis, and M. Polissiou, Comparison of the volatile composition in thyme honeys from several origins in Greece, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55, 2007, 8152-8157.
[4]. M. Juan-Borrás, E. Domenech, M. Hellebrandova, and I. Escriche, Effect of country origin on physicochemical, sugar and volatile composition of acacia, sunflower and tilia honeys, Food Research International, 60, 2014,86-94.
[5]. M. Bougrini, K. Tahri, T. Saidi, N. El Alami El Hassani,, B. Bouchikhi, and N. El Bari, Classification of honey according to geographical and botanical origins and detection of Its adulteration using voltammetric electronic tongue, Food Analytical Methods, 9(8), 2016,2161-2173.

ABSTRACT: The main interest of researchers is focused on the microbiology of the industrial poultry beddings. In this study the microbiology and the microbial resistance of strains isolated from composite samples of poultry (gallus gallus domesticus) beddings originating from rural households has been investigated. In the area of Arta (Epirus, Greece) samples were collected from 300 rural households. These samples were classified regarding the following 4 criteria: (a) the size of the chicken flock, (b) the presence of different poultry species in the same household, (c) the presence of small ruminants in the same household and (d) differences in feeding practices.............

Keywords: Chicken, Salmonella, Listeria, microbial, resistance

[1]. J. Adongo, Comparative advantage of a thermotolerant I-2 vaccine in the control of Newcastle disease in village chickens in Ghana. Rural Poultry E-Newsletter, Third Edition GRM International PTY LTD, 2004.
[2]. J. C. Moreki, Village poultry production in Serowe-Palapye subdistrict of Botswana. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 2010, 22:(3).
[3]. P. Spradbrow, Special requirements for village chickens,. In, Mowat N. and Rweyemu M. (eds) Vaccine Manual: The production and quality and control of veterinary vaccines for use in developing countries. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, 1997, p.123-126.
[4]. E. B. Sonaiya, International Network for Family Poultry Development: Origins, activities, objectives and visions. Proceedings workshop on poultry as a tool in poverty eradication and promotion of gender equality held March 22 to 26, 1999. Tune Landboskole, Denmark.
[5]. C.V. McAinsh, J. Kusina, J. Madsen and O.Nyoni, Traditional chicken production in Zimbabwe. World's Poultry Science Journal,2004, 60: 233-246.

ABSTRACT: This study aims to determine the effect of different inoculan of the physical quality and nutritional quality of fermented palm fronds. The experimental design used in this study is a randomized design complete (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications, namely: T1 (palm fronds with molasis), T2 (palm fronds with strabio), T3 (palm fronds with M4 organic) and T4 (estrak palm frond with local fruit). The variables measured were: characteristics (smell, texture, color and pH), content of nutrients (PK, and SK) and in-vitro digestibility..............

Keywords: Fermentation, characteristics, digestibility, palm fronds

[1]. Ardiansyah,. Mulyani S, dan Fridarti. 2012. Perubahan Kandungan Nutrisi pelepah dan daun sawit melalui fermentasi dengan
kapang Phanerocaete Chrysosporium. Jurnal Litbang : 23(1)
[2]. Association of Official Analytical Chemist. 1999. Official Methods of Analysis. Ed ke-16. Washington: AOAC Internationa
[3]. Biyatmoko D . 2013.The different innoculant response due to the physical and nutrition quality of corn cob fermentation as animal
feeed. J. Basic Appl Sci res. 3(11):458-462.
[4]. Dahia Ds, Khatta VK, Kumar N, Mann NS. 2004. Funggal treatment of crop residues by Coprinus fimetarius and its utilization by
goats. Indian J. Dairy Sci. 57:122-126
[5]. Davidson S. B.A. Hopkins D.E. Diaz, S.M. Bolt, C. Brownie, V. Fellner and L.W. Whitlow. 2003. Effects of amounts and
degradability of dietrary protein on location, nitrogen utilization and excretion in early laction Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 86:
1681-1689.

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to know firstly about the prevalence of different mycoflora or weed molds associated with the substrate of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) and to evaluate the performance of different plant extracts against the isolated mycoflora. Ten weed molds including Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium italicum, Penicillium notatum, Rhizopus stolonifer, Absidia sp., Fusarium sp., Chaetomium globosum, Chaetomium elatum, and Trichoderma harzianum were isolated and identified. From a number of 400 contaminated spawn packets Average 63.25% spawn packets were found contaminated with T. harzianum and remaining 36.75% spawn packets were found contaminated by other isolated mycoflora.............

Keywords: Mycoflora, Oyster mushroom, Plant extracts.

[1]. Khan,S.H., rani, S., Shah, A.S., Javeria,S., Hasham, M., Amin, S.2016. Quality evaluation of oven dried and fresh oyster mushroom store at room temperature. academy of agriculture journal 1:1 april 18 – 22
[2]. Khan, M.A., Amin, S.M.R., Uddin, M.N., Tania, M., and Alam, N.2008. Comparative study of the nutritional composition of oyster mushrooms cultivated in Bangladesh. Bangladesh J. Mushroom 2, 9
[3]. Sharma, S.R. 1997. Plant Protection Operations in Mushroom Production. In: "Advances in Mushroom Biology and Production", (Eds.): Rai R. D., Dhar, B. L. and Verma R. N.. Mushroom Society of India, Solan, PP. 209-223.
[4]. Akar, M.W., Sengupta, D., Chowdhury, A. 2009. Impact of pesticides use in agriculture: their benefits and hazards. Interdisciplinary toxicology.2(1):1-12.
[5]. Harris, C.A., Renfrew, M.J., and Woolridge, M.W. 2001.Assessing the risks of pesticide residues to consumers: recent and future developments Dec.18(12):1124-9.

ABSTRACT: Amongst all the irrigation systems, Drip Irrigation System (DIS) offers highest application efficiency greater than 90% and it can be used for most of the crops in most of terrain. For better design, operation and control of DIS, division of field into several sub-units is best option. However, little information is available on division of field into sub-units. Sub-units are very useful in simplifying the DIS design for field as only for one sub-unit we need to design and then we can apply the same design to each and every sub-units...............

Keywords: Drip Irrigation System, Best / Worst Sub-units, Hydraulic analysis, Economic Analysis, Rectangular Field

[1]. Hassanli, A. M. and Dandy, G. C. (1995), "An Optimization Model for Design of Multiple Sub-unit Pressure Irrigation System" Research Report No.R130
[2]. Holzapfel, E.A., Pannunzio, A., Lorite,I., Silva de Oliveira, A.S. and Farkas, I. (2009), "Design and Management of Irrigation System" Chilean journal of agricultural research 69 (suppl. 1):17-25
[3]. Gujarat Green Revolution Company Limited: Price List w.e.f. 01/01/2016

ABSTRACT: The main purpose of this study was to convey a more precise explanation of the arterial supply of the intestinal tract of the goat. Fifteen adult healthy goats were used. Immediately after slaughtering of the goat, the thoracic part of the aorta (just prior to its passage through the hiatus aorticus of the diaphragm) was injected with gum milk latex (colored red) with carmine. The results showed that the duodenum was supplied by the cranial pancreaticoduodenal and caudal duodenal arteries...............

Keywords: Anatomy,Arteries, Goat, Intestine

[1]. Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria,5th ed. Cloumbia; Gent; Sapporo (Editorial Committee Hanover, 2005).
[2]. A Youssef, Some anatomical studies on the coeliac; cranial mesenteric and caudal mesenteric arteries of goat. PhD Thesis; Faculty of Vet. Med., Moshtohor,Zagazig University, Benha, Egypt, 1991.
[3]. R E Habel, Abdominal aorta of ruminants. In Getty, R. (1975): The anatomy of the domestic animals. 5th ed., W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia (London, Toronto, 1975) 982-1022.
[4]. A K Barnwal, D.N. Sharma and L.D. Dhingera, L.D. Anatomical and roentgenographic studies on the cranial mesenteric artery of buffalo, Haryana Vet. 1980, 21, 1-5.
[5]. H. Wilkens and Munster, The circulatory system. In Nickel, A., Schumer, R. and Seiferle, E. (1981): The anatomy of the domestic animals; Vol. III. Trans. By Siller, W. G. and P.A. Wright Verlag Paul Parey; (Berlin und Hamburg; 159.268, 1981).

ABSTRACT: This study was undertaken to determine the ovarian development of banana weevils. Results indicated that female banana weevils have a meroistic and telotrophic ovariole. Four (4) stages of ovarian development were observed. Newly emerged females belonged to stage I, characterized by virtual absence of oocytes in female germarium; while fully mature adult females belonged to stage IV, characterized by the presence of mature, chorionated eggs in female calyces. The intermediate stages II and III were characterized by presence of small, undeveloped oocytes..............

Keywords: Meroistic, telotrophic ovariole, ovarian development, pre-oviposition period, reproductive phenology

[1]. H.E Ostmark (1974). Economic insect pests of bananas. Annual Review of Entomology 19: 161 – 176
[2]. W. Tinzaara, C.S. Gold, M. Dicke, A. Van Huis and P.E. Ragama (2011). Effect of age, female mating status and density on the banana weevil response to aggregation pheromone. African Crop Science Journal 19 (2): 105-116
[3]. B.N. Viswanath (1981). Development of Cosmopolites sordidus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on banana varieties in South India. Colemania 1(1): 57-58
[4]. A.L.M. Mesquita, E.J. Alves and R.C. Caldas (1984). Resistance of banana cultivars to Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar, 1824). Fruits 39 (4): 254 257
[5]. C.S. Gold, J.E. Pena and E.B. Karamura (2001). Biology and integrated pest management for the banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar) Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Integrated Pest Management Reviews 6: 79 – 155

ABSTRACT: This paper analyzed the resource-use efficiency of small-scale Maize production in Tafawa-Balewa local government area of Bauchi State. Data were collected from a sample of 120 Maize farmers selected through multi-stage sampling procedure using questionnaire and analyzed using simple descriptive statistics, double-log function and marginal value productivity analysis. The result showed that 90.17% had formal education; 51.67% were males; 90.17% were between the ages of 21-50. Majority 72.50% were married. In terms of farming experience, majority (86.67%) of the respondent had farming experience between 5-20 years. 75.00% had no contact with extension..............

Keywords: Resource Use Efficiency, Profitability, Small Scale, Maize, Tafawa Balewa

[1]. Abdu, Z. (1997). Economics of resource-use in small-scale soybean production system in Bauchi state. Unpublished M. Sc Thesis, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi. 83 Pp.
[2]. Adebowale, S. (2014). Agricultures contribution to Nigeria's economy in 2012. A report retrieved 10/11/2015 from www.theageonline.com.ng/agriculture-contributed-n348-7b-nigerias-economy-2012-report/
[3]. Adedeji, I. A, Fabiyi, E. F, Adegun G. T and Oyetunde, T. O (2015). Data Environment Analysis Approach as a Compliment to Resource-use Efficiency Among Rice Farmers in Ogbomoso Agricultural zones of Oyo State, Nigeria. Journal of World Economic Research, 2015; 4 (2): 23-31
[4]. Adesoji, A. G., Abubakar, I. U., Tanimu, B., & Labe, D. A. (2013). Influence of incorporated short duration legume fallow and nitrogen on maize (Zea mays L.) growth and development in northern guinea savannah of Nigeria.American-Euroasian J. Agric. And Env. Sci., 13(1), 57-68.
[5]. Alimi, T. (2000), Resource Use Efficiency in Food Crop Production in Oyo State of Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Environment,1(1): Pp. 1-7.

ABSTRACT: Heavy metals are natural constituents of the environment, but indiscriminate use for human purposes has altered their biochemical and molecular genetic balance. Prolonged exposure and higher accumulation of such heavy metals can have deleterious health effects on human life. Impact of heavy metals pollution may be effect on plant in the DNA molecular genetics level. In the present investigation we focus to evaluate the pollution of heavy metals among three plant species from two sites of polluted and non polluted regions based on analysis of molecular genetics level of ISSR, AFLP..............

Keywords: Heavy metals pollution, molecular genetic, ISSR, AFLP and wild plants The present research aimed to study the effects of metal pollution stress among three wild plants response on two sites of polluted and non polluted regions and changes in its profile by using molecular analysis, which provides additional information

[1]. Abdel-Tawab, F.M., Eman M. Fahmy, Hoda M. EL-demerdash, O. M. saleh, H. fotouh and GH. A. gad EL-karim(2007). Molecular phylogenetic relationships of two genera of labiatae family. Egypt. J. Genet. Cytol., 36(2): 325-339.
[2]. Arora, A.; Sairam, R.K.; Srivastave, G.C. Oxidative stress and antioxidative systems in plants. Curr. Sci. 2002, 82, 1227–1238.
[3]. Anna M.P., Hirsikorpi M, Kämäräinen T, Jaakola L, Hohrola A (2001). DNA isolation methods for medicinal and aromatic plants. Plant Mol.Biol. Rep., 19: 273a-f.
[4]. Buhulikar RA, Stanculescu D, Preston CA, Baldwin IT (2004). ISSR and AFLP analyses of the temporal and spatial population structure of the post-fire annual Nicotiana attenuate in SW, Utah. BMC Ecol., 4: 1-13.
[5]. Gisbert C, Ros R, de Haro A, Walker DJ, Pilar Bernal M, Serrano R, Avino JN. (2003). A plant genetically modified that accumulates Pb is especially promising for phytoremediation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 303(2):440–445.

ABSTRACT: Marek's disease virus (MDV), a highly transmissible cell-associated neuropathic oncogenic alphaherpes virus affecting poultry health, resulting in considerable economic losses in poultry industry worldwide.Until now MDV still emerging and re emerging causing great economic losses in chicken despite of intensive vaccination and management policy used in poultry farms. However, cytokines and its role in MD pathogenesis and immunity had been described by some workers under certain experimental conditions by using different MDV strains challenge, they need to be more clarified during the more progressive lymphoma transformation stage..............

Keywords: MDV; lymphoma, Cytokine; Th1; Th2; q-PCR.

[1]. Abdul-Careem, M., Hunter, B., Lee, L., Fairbrother, J., Haghighi, H., Read, L., Parvizi, P., Heidari, M. and Sharif, S. (2008a). Host
responses in the bursa of Fabricius of chickens infected with virulent Marek's disease virus. Virology, 379, 256-265.
[2]. Abdul-Careem, M., Hunter, B., Sarson, A., Mayameei, A., Zhou, H. and Sharif, S. (2006). Marek's disease virus-induced transient
paralysis is associated with cytokine gene expression in the nervous system. Viral immunology, 19, 167-176.
[3]. Abdul-Careem, M., Hunter, B., Sarson, A., Parvizi, P., Haghighi, H., Read, L., Heidari, M. and Sharif, S. (2008b). Host responses
are induced in feathers of chickens infected with Marek's disease virus. Virology, 370, 323-332.
[4]. Abdul-Careem, M., Hunter, D., Shanmuganathan, S., Haghighi, H., Read, L., Heidari, M. and Sharif, S. (2008c). Cellular and
cytokine responses in feathers of chickens vaccinated against Marek's disease. Veterinary immunology and immunopathology, 126,
362-366.
[5]. Abdul-Careem, M. F., Haq, K., Shanmuganathan, S., Read, L. R., Schat, K. A., Heidari, M. and Sharif, S. (2009a). Induction of
innate host responses in the lungs of chickens following infection with a very virulent strain of Marek's disease virus. Virology, 393,
250-257.

ABSTRACT: One of the pollutants that can effect on the life of living animates is lead in different ways; it has toxic problem for human and animals and is gathered in the tissues and guide to harmful effects in their. The current study was carry out to investigate the histological effects caused by lead in the rat. The study was performed on 30 rat, they were divided into 3 groups. The first group was control group that received distilled water. The second groups were orally administered lead acetate 9 mg/l of body weight for 10 days. The third groups were orally administered solution of lead..............

Keywords: Lead, Histological changes, kidney

[1]. M.J. Kosnett, Heavy Metal Intoxication and Chelators. In Katzung, B. G. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Mc Graw-Hill, New York McGraw-Hill Medical New York, 2004.
[2]. P.A. Meyer, M.J. Brown, H. Falk, Mutation research/reviews in mutation research 659 (2008) 166-175.
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ABSTRACT: The experiment on African catfish Clarias gariepinus fingerlings 3.55±0.01g average weight and 4.09±0.05cm average length, was to know the effect of feeding frequencies on the nutritive value on the carcass, the were fed with commercial feed (Coppens) of 58% crude protein level at 5% body weight, once (at 11:00 am), twice (9:00am and 4:00pm), thrice (9:00am, 1:00pm and 4:00pm), and four times (9:00am, 11:00am, 1:00pm and 4:00pm), daily to satiation for 14 weeks. The Mean Feed Consumption show that Treatment D had the highest total feed consumption of 54.10g, while the lowest feed consumption value of 43.20g was noted Treatment A which was the fish fed once per day...............

Keywords: Feeding Frequency, Nutritive Value, Feed Utilization, African Catfish.

[1]. Fawole, O. O., Ogundiran, M. A., Ayandiran, T. A. and Olagunju, O. F. Mineral Composition in some selected fresh water fishes in Nigeria, African Journal for food safety 9: 200752-58.
[2]. Hu, L., Yun, B., Xue, M., Wang, J., Wu, X., Zheng, Y. and Han, F. Effects of fishmeal quality and fishmeal substitution by animal protein blend on growth performance, flesh quality and liver histology of Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax japonicas). Aquaculture, 5: 2013, 372–375.
[3]. Steften, W. Fresh water fish wholesome foodstuff. Journal of Agricultural Science, 6, 2006,320-328.
[4]. Ojewole, G. S. and Ammah, S. I. Nutritive and economic value of Danish Fish meal, crayfish, dustmeal and shrimp waste meal, inclusion in broiler diet, International Journal of science, 5: 2006, 390-394,
[5]. Eyo, A. A. Fish processing Technology in the tropics, University of Ilorin, Nigeria 430 pp. 2000

ABSTRACT: The current study was conducted during the growing season (2014 – 2015), at a private orchard at Safwan area in Basra province-Iraq; to study the effect of several concentrations of maize silks, their application methods and their interaction on some indicators of growth and yield of tomato plants cv. Wijdan. The experiment was factorial and included (24) factorial treatments (4*2*3) resulted from: four levels of maize silks and two application methods, each in three replicates. The results showed a superiority of (60 ml. L.-1) of maize silks extract on most studied characteristics..............

Keywords: Stigmata maydis, Zea mays ( L.), Tomato, chlorophyll, productivity.

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