Volume-6 ~ Issue-5

Abstract: The research of the present work was to investigate the removal of methylene blue dyes from aqueous solution by using Acid Activated Abutilon Indicum Leaves (AAAI). Generally, dyes are organic compounds used as colouring products in chemical, textile, paper, printing, leather, plastics and various food industries. The need for the treatment of dye contaminated waste water passed out from the industry. In this study, Abutilon Indicum Leaves were studied for its potential use as an adsorbent for removal of a cationic dye methylene blue. The various factors affecting adsorption, such as initial dye concentration, contact time, adsorbent dose and effect of temperature, were evaluated. The experimental data were fitted into the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The equilibrium of adsorption was modeled by using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The objective of the present work suggests the AAAI may be utilized as a low cost adsorbent for methylene blue dye removal from aqueous solution.

Key words: Acid Activated Abutilon Indicum Leaves (AAAI); Methylene blue; Adsorption isotherm; Kinetics; Equilibrium models.

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[9] Barton S.S, The adsorption of methylene blue by active carbon. Carbon 25, 1987, 343-350.
[10] Al – Ghouti M.A, Khrasheh M.A.M Allen S.J, Ahmed M.N et al., The Removal of Dyes from Textile Wastewater: A Study of the Physical Characteristic and Adsorption Mechanisms of Diatomaceous Earth, Journal of Environmental Management, 69, 2003, 229 – 238.

Abstract: Various components of air have been separated for different purposes for their easy availability in the atmosphere. Among those components Nitrogen separation process is very important in chemical engineering sector since it has wide usage in different processes. There are various technologies that are used for the separation of nitrogen. Among those most common is via LINDE-HAMPSON cycle. This paper presents analysis of thermodynamic cycle commonly used for liquefaction of Nitrogen (N2) under given set of operating condition and efficiencies. The liquefying temperature of Nitrogen being -200oC is taken into consideration. This paper also presents the simulation of this process HYSYS for the separation of N2 from air. Simulation result gives the value of product nitrogen purity of 91.75%.

Key words: Nitrogen, LINDE-HAMPSON, Simulation, Liquefaction, Thermodynamics.

[1] Gabriele Engl, Andreas Kroner, Thomas Kronseder, and Oskar Von; "Numerical Simulation and optimal control of Air Separation plant" H-J Bungartz, F. Durst and Chr. Zenger (eds.): high performance Scientific and Engineering Computing, Lecture notes in Computational science and Engineering (Springer-Verlag, 1999)
[2] Barron Randall F., "Cryogenic Systems‟, New York, Oxford University Press, 1985.
[3] Flynn Thomas M., "Cryogenic Engineering‟, Colorado, Oxford University Press, 1992.
[4] Hysys Tutorial #1: Aspen Basic
[5] Hysys Tutorial #4: Thermodynamic Method.
[6] Stoecker W.F, "Design of Thermal systems‟, Toronto, Tata McGraw Hill, 1986.
[7] Study of cryogenic cycles with aspen - hysys simulations "a project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of bachelor of technology and mechanical engineering‟ by Sunil Manohar Dash.
[8] ASPEN- HYSYS simulation manual by Dr. Muhammad Ruhul Amin , Department of chemical engineering , BUET.
[9] Randall F. Barron, Cryogenic systems, 2nd edition.

Abstract: The "General Theory of electronic configuration of atoms" is an original study introduced by the author in chemistry in 2004. In this paper, the author developed a new method to write the electronic configuration for any atom, regardless of whether it actually exists or not in nature. This new method is based on Quantum theory and on three new and original formulae introduced and developed by the author. This method can be used to gather information about any atom's properties: its period, its group, its peripheral number of electrons and its theoretical electronic peripheral configuration. The main advantage of this method is that one can immediately knows the information about an atom, by a simple hand calculation without the need of software. Even if the atomic number is huge (as Z=123453). This method can be used in general chemistry courses and it is an extremely efficient method used for teaching and in the exam. So any atomic number can be developed and we can find its electronic configuration regardless of whether it actually exists or not in nature.

Key words: Electronic configuration, quantum theory, orbital, atom, electron.

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Abstract: This work was conducted to determine the practicability of using a new adsorbent Corchorusolitorius(mulukiya)waste,for the removal of cadmium (Cd(II)), and thorium (Th(IV)) from wastewater. Corchorusolitoriuswereanalysis by Fourier transform infraredFTIR , scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDEX). Some parameters such as adsorbent dosage, solution pH's, initial metal ion concentrations, and contact time, that influence adsorption phenomenon, were studied. The optimum pH for maximum adsorption of Cd(II) and Th(IV) was found to be 5.55 and 4.50, respectively. The contact time required for reaching equilibrium was 2 hr. The pseudo second-order kinetic model was the best fit to represent the kinetic data. Analysis of the equilibrium adsorption data using Langmuir and Freundlich models showed that theLangmuir model was well suitable to describe the metal ions adsorption.

Key words: Corchorusolitoriuswaste; Cadmium(II); Thorium(IV); Adsorption.

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Abstract: Novel bisazo-disperse dyes were prepared by the coupling of diazotized solutions of various aromatic diamines with 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone. The resultant bisazo disperse dyes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and 1H NMR spectral studies. The UV Visible absorption spectral data were investigated in dimethylformamide. and are discussed in terms of structural property relationship. Their dyeing assessment of bisazo disperse dyes has been made on polyester fabrics. The results show that a better hue was obtained on polyester fabrics and have mild to moderate fastness properties.
Keywords: Bisazo disperse dyes, light fastness, polyester fabrics, UV-absorber, washing fastness.

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Abstract: Some di-and triorganotin(IV) derivatives of (2E)-N-methyl-(2 oxo1,2diphenylethylidne)hydrazinecarbothioamide synthesised by the reactions of the corresponding di and triorganotin(IV) chlorides with the sodium salt of (2E)-N-methyl-(2- oxo1,2diphenylethylidne)hydrazinecarbothioamide in different molar ratios. These derivatives have been characterized by elemental analyses ,molecular weights, conductivity measurements and spectral(IR, 1H, 13C and 119 Sn NMR) studies..

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Abstract: In this work, Uranium concentrations in groundwater and soil samples from some areas of Al-Najaf city, Iraq were measured solid state nuclear track detector (CR-39) detector technique. The uranium concentration in groundwater samples was found to vary from (1.617782869±0.04342) μgl−1 to (5.079235843±0.137827) μgl−1, while in soil samples vary from (0.093558±0.000938) ppm to (0.184325±0.017511) ppm.

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Abstract: The derivation of an adsorption isotherm is, largely, by empirical deductions on which basis isotherms like the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Frumkin, Flory-Huggins, El-Awady, Dubinin-Radushkevich, etc. were developed. We hereby propose yet another two-parameter empirical adsorption isotherm known as Adejo-Ekwenchi isotherm, derived from the data obtained from our corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 2 M H2SO4 using three plant extracts using weight loss method studied at the temperature between 303 and 315 K. The isotherm is centred on the fact that, for any adsorption process, the amount of adsorbate uptake from bulk concentration is, always, inversely proportional to the difference between the total available surface on the adsorbent and the fraction that is covered by the adsorbate at a given temperature, prior to the attainment of maximum value of surface coverage.

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Abstract: A simple, precise and reversed phase liquid chromatographic method was developed and it is validated for estimation of losartan in bulk drug. Losartan is use for treatment of hypertension. The separation was achieved on Acquity BEH C18 1.7μ, (2.1 X 100) mm, analytical column with mobile phase consisted of buffer (adjust pH 3.0 of water with dilute formic acid) : Acetonitrile (50:50 v/v) at isocratic flow of 0.3ml/min with UV detection wavelength was at 230 nm. The method was successfully validated in accordance to ICH guidelines for accuracy, precision, specificity, linearity. The linear regression analysis data for calibration plots showed good linear relationship in the concentration range 25-75μg/mL for losartan. The % Recovery/Accuracy was within the range between 98% and 102%. The percentage RSD for precision method was found to be less than 2%. The method was successfully applied for routine analysis of losartan in bulk samples.

Keywords: Assay, ICH, Isocratic, Liquid Chromatography, validation

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