Volume-13 ~ Issue-8 ~ Aug. 2020

Abstract: Background: The study aimed at the extraction, characterization and application of coconut oil obtained from allogamous and autogamous species. Materials and MethodsThe oil was extracted using cold and hot press methods. The oils were characterized using the classical physicochemical method, classical phytochemical screening, and fatty acid analysis using Gas Chromatography. Results: The results for the physicochemical analysis showed that acid value was 7.9 % (for native hot-pressed oil), 5.1% (for native cold-pressed oil) and 3.6% (for agric hot pressed oil). The iodine value was with the permissible limit. the saponification value was found to be high (329.6mg/kg) for the agric hot pressed oil, while the native hot and cold-pressed oil were within the permissible limit. The refractive index for all the oils was within the permissible limit of......

Keywords: Cocos nucifera Oil, Application, Characterization, Physicochemical and Fatty acids

[1]. Neela, S. Review of Production and Potential Applications of Virgin Coconut Oil. Annals Food Science and Technology. 2015; 1(16): 2-12.
[2]. Aakansha G, Annu M, Anoop S, Gupta MK, Mahaveer P, KhinNatasha S, Dilip A). Coconut Oil: The Healthiest Oil on Earth. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Research. 2010; 6(1): 1-8.
[3]. Marina AM, CheMan YB, Nazimah SAH, Amin I. Chemical Properties of Virgin Coconut Oil. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 2009; 4(86): 1-3.
[4]. Rele AS, Mohile RB. (). Effect of Mineral Oil, Sunflower Oil, and Coconut Oil on Prevention of Hair Damage. Journal of Cosmetic Science. 2003; 54(2): 175-192.
[5]. Michael S, Laurie M, Evelyn R, Mark PV, Nairmeen AH, Scott FG, Christopher JW. Antimicrobial Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil and Its Medium-Chain Fatty Acids on Clostridium difficile. Journal of Medicinal Food, 2013;12 (16): 3-4..

Abstract: Developing of alternative electric energy can be packed in a practical form like battery using of Carambola/star fruit .Changing the concentration of Carambola juice we measured the potential difference of electrochemical cell. After characterization of that juice from fruit observed some pH effects of our stomach. The pH level pH our stomach pH 2 is normal, but alter reduce of pH in our stomach creates digestion problems and creates the lower blood pressure. If we take more star apple fruits at a time that can reduce the pH level of our stomach and that can affect the buffer of our body fluid..

Keywords: Star apple, Electricity, pH and human stomach acidity

[1]. K.A.Khan, H. Lovelu, A.K.M. Obaydullah and S.M. Azharul Islam, Electricity Production from Vegetative and Fruits.
[2]. Generate Electricity with a Lemon Battery A tingly science project from Science Buddies By Science Buddies on July 23, 2015.
[3]. A. Sari, N. Selim, M. Dilek, T.Aydogdu and Z.Adibelli, Effect of lemon juice on blood pressure.
[4]. W.B. Sinclair and D.M. Eny, Stability of the Buffer System of Lemon Juice

Abstract: ZnO is among leading metal oxide nanoparticles (MO-NPs). The conventional physical and chemical synthesis protocols require use of sophisticated equipment and many chemicals which may be hazardous. In this research, ZnO-NPs were prepared via a straightforward environmentally benign technique; employing Tithonia diversifolia as a reductant. Zinc nitrate solution was mixed with TDLE in the ratio of 3:1 respectively and incubated in an ultra-sonication bath. The precipitates were centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 15 minutes followed by washing with distilled water. A peak at 374 nm, as measured by UV-Vis, confirmed formation of nano-ZnO.Presence of ZnO was shown by a new peak at 668.35 cm-1 in the ZnO-TDLE FTIR spectrum. The crystalline size of the sample was estimated as 20.91 nm by Debye-Scherer formula. Identification and quantification of elements was performed by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis, which showed 91.823% Zn in the sample. The synthesized nano-ZnO showed promising antibacterial activity. The bioactive nature of ZnO-NPs, as demonstrated in this research, puts the nano-ZnO at pole position for the formulation of novel antimicrobial agents..

Keywords: antimicrobial activity; Tithonia diversifolia; XRD; X-Ray Fluorescence; ZnO-NPs

[1]. Pal, S., Mondal, S., Maity, J., & Mukherjee, R. (2018). Synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles using Moringa oleifera leaf extract: investigation of photocatalytic and antibacterial activity. InternationalJournal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 14(2), 111–119.
[2]. Kalpana, V. N., Rajeswari, V. D., & Fanizzi, F. P. (2018). A Review on Green Synthesis, Biomedical Applications, and Toxicity Studies of ZnO NPs. Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications, 2018, 12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3569758
[3]. Kolodziejczak-Radzimska, A., & Jesionowski, T. (2014). Zinc oxide-from synthesis to application: A review. Materials, 7(4), 2833–2881. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma7042833
[4]. Fakhari, S., Jamzad, M., & Kabiri Fard, H. (2019). Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles: a comparison. Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 12(1), 19–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2018.1547925
[5]. Jamdagni, P., Khatri, P., & Rana, J. S. (2018). Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using flower extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis and their antifungal activity. Journal of King Saud University - Science, 30(2), 168–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2016.10.002.

Abstract: The chemistry of 1,2,3-triazoles gained much attention since the discovery by Pechmann, since then several protocols have been developed for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles, but after the copper catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction, the mainly because of Huisgen's 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions, it has evolved to become one of the most successful connective linkers and functional heterocyclic cores in modern organic chemistry. This review summarizes the up-to date developments in the synthetic methodologies and their biological applications, in particular of antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, antidiabetic properties of 1,2,3-triazoles. Also, the progress in the molecular hybridization; and physic-chemical properties have been highlighted.

[1]. M. Ahmed, H. Razaq, M. Faisal, A.N. Siyal, A. Haider, Synth. Commun. 47 (2017) 1193-1200.
[2]. M.V.N. de Souza, C.F. da Costa, V. Facchinetti, C.R.B. Gomes, P.M. Pacheco, Curr. Org. Synth. 16 (2019) 244-257. [3]. S. Ghosh, B. Basu, Curr. Green Chem. 3 (2016) 195-213.
[4]. M Govindaraju, G. Vasanth Kumar, K Ajay Kumar, Int. J. ChemTech Res. 6(2) (2014) 886-890.
[5]. K. Ajay Kumar, M. Govindaraju, G. Vasantha Kumar, Ind. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 20 (2010) 183-184..

Abstract: The adsorption behavior of methylene blue dye, Bismarck brown Y dye and Indigo dye on to Sphagnumcymbifolium (moss) and Cedruslibani (Elizabeth leaf) were investigated as a function of flow rate, and bed height through the fixed bed process. OBJECTIVES: One of the main objectives of this research is to expand the field of application of natural biomass for the treatment of dye waste waters from industrial effluents. Also, it is aimed at achieving a comparative elucidation of the dependency or otherwise of flow rate and bed height on adsorption through the fixed bed technique using two different biomass. METHODS: The two biomass were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), in order to examine the morphology of the two biomass. The screened biomass samples were characterized at 1000x magnification and 500x magnification respectively for their....

Keywords: Bio-sorption, Sphagnumcymbifolium. Cedruslibani, SEM, adsorbent, fixed bed

[1]. Vannapusa R., Biner, S., Cabrera R., Fernandez L. Surface energetics to assess microbial adhesion onto fluidized chromatography adsorbents. J of Engr. Life Science, 2008; 530.
[2]. Sotelo J., Rodriguez A., Alvarez S., Gacia, J. Removal of caffeine and DichloroFenac on activated carbon in fixed bed column.J of Bio resources, 2009;21-57.
[3]. Prasad Abdulkah. Bio sorption of Cr (VI) from synthetic waste water using the fruit shell of Gulmohar (Delonixregia). J of Bio resources, 2010; 838-53.
[4]. Tong Y., Bing H., Hongyang, G., Yanru L., Protection of Chinese herbs against adenine induced chronic renal failure on rat.African J of Traditional Compliment to Alternative Medicine. 2010;156 - 81
[5]. Gupta V., Ali I., Suhas, M. Equilibrium uptake and sorption dynamics for the removal of a basic dye (basic red) using low cost adsorbents. J of Colloid Inter Sci., 2003; 257 – 64.

Abstract: Cissuspopulnea plant shows higher surface tension and sorption behaviour property as well as foam formation/capacity far better especially leaves and roots than some commercial/synthetic surfactants (OMO) that were used in the study. This saponin- based surfactant is significantly be as an eco-friendly and may show better biodegradability than the commercial surfactants. The natural surfactant from Cissuspopulnea plants leave and roots will contribute to efforts in diversify the Nigerians economy, a way to solve the problem of non-biodegradable, high price and non-eco-friendly phenomenon that exists in the production of commercial/synthetic surfactant and add value to green chemistry and sustainable development and exploitation of the cleansing properties of saponin present in Cissuspopulnea plants

[1]. Agu, M. O. (2010). Evaluation of Some Properties of Violet Plant (SecuridacaLongepedunculata) Roots as a Surfactant. Federal University of Technology, Yola.M.Tech. Thesis, 1-80.
[2]. Alfa, J., Chukwu, A. and Audeala, C. (2003).Cissusstem gum as potential dispersant in pharmacenticed liquid system, rheological characterization. Boll chimfarm. 19099; (140), 20-207.
[3]. Azab, M. M. (2001). Preparation and Evaluation of some Water Soluble Polyester Surfactants. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 81 (14): 3313-3424. Australia Electronically Tutoring Service (AUS-e-TUTE), Chemistry Tutorial: Synthetic Detergents. Retrieved from http://www.ausetute.com.au./detergent.htm/on 2, August2014·
[4]. Abulude, F. O. Ogunkoya M.O. and Adebote, V.T. (2009).Phytochemical and
[5]. Antibacterial Investigations of Crude Extracts of Leaves and Stem Bark of AnacardiumOccidentale.Wilolud online Journal.2: 1-5..

Abstract: In this paper the oxidation of 2,6-diphenyl-piperidine -4-one and 3-methyl-2,6-diphenylpiperidine-4-one by acid permanganate, Mn(VII) has been studied. The rate of oxidation is slowest in those solvents that contained high proportions of water and increasing proportions of acetic acid increase the rate considerably. There are only two possibilities when the nature and type of reactants undergoing the reactions under investigations are considered. The reaction should be classified as either ion-dipole type or dipole-dipole type.

Keyword: 2,6-diphenyl-piperidine-4-one, 3-methyl-2,6-diphenylpiperidine-4-one,Mn(VII), solvents, acetic acid

[1]. K.J. Laidler and H. Eyring; New York Acad. Sci., 39, 303, 1940.
[2]. J. Timmermans, "Physico-chemical constants of pure organic compounds".
[3]. R.J.W. Le Fevre; Trans. Faraday Soc, 34, 1127, 1938.
[4]. Robinson and Stokes, "Electrolyte solutions"; Butterworth Publications, 1955.
[5]. E. Gelles, E.D. Hughes and C.K. Ingold; J. Chem. Soc. 2910, 1954..

Abstract: Antiarisafricanaplant commonly known as "false iroko" tree is one of the medicinal plants used in the treatment of mental and nervous disorder such as epilepsy. It is also used to treat respiratory infections, syphilis and skin irritants in Nigeria. An Ester, (1E, 3E)-4-(6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17-decahydro-17-hydroxy-5, 10, 13, 14-tetra methyl-5H-cyclopenta [α] phenanthrene-16-yl) buta-1,3-dienyl-2-phenyl acetate was isolated and characterized from the leaves of Antiarisafricana using IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS, COSYand DEPT. The presence of the isolated compound may be responsible for some of the biological activities exhibited by AntiarisAfricana plant.

[1]. Keay, R. W. J. (1989). Trees of Nigeria.Revised version of Nigerian Trees. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
[2]. Kuete, V., Vouffo, B.,Mbaveng, A.T.,Vouffo, E.Y.,Siagat, R. M. and Dongo E. (2009). Evaluation of Antiarisafricana methanol extract and compounds for antioxidant and antitumor activities.Pharmaceutical Biology, 47(11):1042-1049.
[3]. Tapsell, L. C., Hemphill, L., Lynne, C., David, R., Michael, F., Craig, S., Steven, R., Jennifer, B., Peter, M., Peter, G., Virginia, A. and Karen, E. (2006). Health benefits of herbs and spices: The past, the present, the future. Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences Papers, 185:4-24.
[4]. Uchegbu, Rosemary I.; Echeme, John Bull O.; Ngozi-Olehi, Lynda C.; Njoku,Peter C.&Mbadiugha,Cliff N. (2015). Isolation and Characterization of 5, 7 – dimethoxy, 4/– propoxyflavone from the seed of MucunaflagellipesAmerican Journal of Chemistry and Applications, 2(4): 104 – 107.
[5]. Uchegbu, R.I., Njoku, C. P., Ukpai, K.U. and Ibe, C.O. (2019). Isolation and Characterization of Methoxy, PropoxyDimethylamine from DetariumsenegalenseSeed.Bioequivalence & Bioavailability International Journal(MEDWIN PUBLISHERS),(3)1.