Volume-9 ~ Issue-6 ~ June-2016

Abstract: The biodegradable starch-polymer interactions with various surfactants, such as sodium dodecyl sulphate, sodium octanoate, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide and Triton-X-100, were investigated. The goal was to produce eco-friendly biodegradable semi-natural surfactants. Yet they also had to be capable of cleansing dirty particles and of washing dishes. Thus, the goal was "cleanliness through green chemistry". The DS of starch and its concentrations used were 0.8 and 0.01 to 1% wt/v, respectively. The effect of mixing on the micellization of the ternary surfactant solutions can be estimated by measuring only the effects of the difference between the lengths of the hydrocarbon chains.......
Keywords: Starch, Surfactants, Cleansing activity, Ternary phase diagram, Green chemistry

[1]. H. F. Zobel, Molecules to granules: A comprehensive starch review, Starch, 40, 1988 44-50.
[2]. E. Polaczek, F. Starzyk, K. Malenki, and P. Tomasik, Inclusion complexes of starch with hydrocarbons, Carbohydrate Polymer, 43, 2000, 291-297.
[3]. A. Jansson, and L. Järnström, Barrier and mechanical properties of modified starches, Cellulose, 12, 2005, 423-433.
[4]. S. Thiebaud, J. Aburto, I. Alric, E. Borredon, D. Bikiaris, J. Prinos, and C. Panayiotou, Properties of fatty‐acid esters of starch and their blends with LDPE, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 65, 1997, 705‐721.
[5]. C. L. McCormick, J. Bock, and D. N. Schulz, Encyclopedia of polymer science and engineering (Vol. 17, 2nd Edn), H. F. Mark, N. M. Bikales, C. G. Overberger, G. Menges (Eds), Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1990, 730-742.

Abstract: Впервые синтезированы орто-изомерные вещества: 1-гидрокси-2-тио-4-трет.- бутилциклогексатриен-2,4,6 и 1- гидрокси-2-тио-4-трет.-бутилциклогексатриен-1,3,5 что свидетельствует о наличии в молекуле бензола трех простых и трех двойных связей. Характер простых и двойных связей проявляется с введением в молекулу бензола какого- нибудь радикала. Таким образом, гипотеза великого немецкого ученого Августа Кекуле о циклогексатриеновой структуре бензола, выдвинутая им в 1865 году, нашла свое экспериментальное подтверждение. ....
Keywords:benzol,kekule,formula,meyer It is known that August Kekule suggested a cyclohexatriene formula for benzene(I) in 1865 [1-5]:

[1]. А.Н.Несмеянов, Н.А.Несмеянов, “Начало орг.химии”, том II, с. 10, Москва (1974);

[2]. Л.Физер, М.Физер, “Орг.химия”, том П, с.116-130, Москва (1970);

[3]. Р.Моррисон, Р.Бойд, “Орг.химия.”, с.301-303, Москва (1974);

[4]. Дж.Робертс, М.Касерио. “Основа орг.хим.”, том II, с.115-116, Москва (1968);

[5]. М.Фримантл, “Химия в действии”, том II, с.390, Москва (1991);

Abstract:A new Schiff base ligand derived from 4-chloro-2-benzothiazolamine and imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde and its Cu (II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes were synthesized. These compounds were characterised by FT-IR, Elemental analysis, Mass, 1H NMR, TGA, Molar conductance, Electronic spectra, Magnetic moment measurements and SEM. The analytical data has shown the metal to ligand ratio is 1:1. IR spectral studies revealed that binding sites of ligand with metal ions through the azomethine nitrogen and imidazole nitrogen atoms.
Keywords: Schiff base, Metal complexes, Antimicrobial activity, Anticancer activity and Docking studies

[1]. J.J.V. Eynde and D. Fromont, Microwave-Mediated Synthesis of Iminesfrom Heterocyclic Amines and Aldehydes, Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg, 1997,106, 3937397.
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Abstract: Civilizations have developed around Water all over the world. Water is the median for development and plays vital role in socio-economic development. Nation's principal reserve of fresh water is ground water;it is also the most preferred resource to meet various requirements. More than 90% of rural and 50% of urban population is dependent on ground water sources in M.P. Ground water is also major source of irrigation in Madhya Pradesh and about 6,714,300 hectare of land is irrigated through ground water according to ground water report submitted in 2013..........
Keywords: Ground Water, Geogenic contamination, anthropogenic contamination, Simhastha.

[1]. CGWB Northern Central Region Dewas District groundwater information booklet, (2007) Bhopal.
[2]. CGWB Northern Central Region Indore District groundwater information booklet, (2009)Bhopal.
[3]. CGWB Northern Central Region Ujjain District groundwater information booklet, (2008) Bhopal.
[4]. World Bank Deep Wells and Prudence: Towards Pragmatic Action for Addressing Groundwater Overexploitation in India. World Bank, (2010) Washington.

Abstract:Variation in proximate analysis of the new hybrid varieties of cottonseeds,and extracted seed oil from three varieties (KCH – 14K59BG – II, Ajeet – III BG – II and Tulasi – 144 BG- II) of cotton (Gossypium) were studied. The analysis of new hybrid variety of cottonseeds depicts its agronomic characteristics. The analysis of seeds determines moisture, ash and its analysis, oil content, crude protein, crude fibre, calcium, CHN content. The analysis of moisture content infers the amount of oil present in seed. In CHN estimation..........
Keywords: Cottonseed, Cottonseed oil, Proximate composition.

[1]. Percival, A.E., J.F. Wendel and J.M. Stewart. 1999. Taxonomy and germplasm resources. p. 33-63. In W. C. Smith (ed.) Cotton: Origin, history, technology, and production. New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
[2]. Adelola, O. B. and E.A. Ndudi. 2012. Extraction and characterization of cottonseed (Gossypium) oil. Int. J. basicAppl. Sci., 1: 398-402.
[3]. C. W. Smith (2006). The Encyclopaedia of Seeds. ISBN: 9780851997230. pp. 105–109,
[4]. Saxena, D.K., S.K. Shsharand and S.S. Sambi. 2011.Comparative extraction of cottonseed oil by n-hexane and ethanol. J. Eng. Appl. Sci., 6: 84-89.
[5]. Pearson D., The chemical analysis of food. 5th Ed., London, pp. 18,1962.

Abstract:One of the most famous radioactive pegmatite is recorded at Gebel Abu Furad area which is located 40Km west of Safaga City on the Red Sea coast and is bounded by Latitude 26○ 37' and 26○ 43' N and Longitude 33○ 36' and 33○ 43' E. The high radioelements in thehigh uranium pegmatites are mainly attributed to the presence of thorite, uranothorite, zircon, euxenite, carnotite, thorianite, allanite, bastnasite, fluorite and iron oxides.For the importance of this radioactive occurrence, a technological study was done to contribute with the previous mineralogical study..........
Keywords: Gabal Abu-Furad; uranium; leaching; ion exchange; precipitation

[1]. Dardier A. M. and El Wakeel M. I. (1998):"Geology, petrology and radioactivity of Gabal Umm Tagher – Abu Furad area, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt" Egyptian Journal of Geology, v. 42/1, pp. 75-103.
[2]. Davies, W. and Gray, W. (1964): "A rapid and specific titrimetric method for the precise determination of uranium using iron (II) sulphate as reductant; Talanta, 11, 1203-1211.
[3]. El Galy, M. M. (2000):"Mineralogical, geochemical and radiometric characteristics of the granitoid rocks and associated pegmatites at Gebel Abu Furad area, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt" 5th International Conference on the Geology of the Arab World, Ciro University, Feb. 2000.
[4]. Essam M. Ismail and Ashraf F. Moharem (2009):"Fluid inclusion studies of radioactive pegmatites at G. Abu Furad area, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt" JKAU: Earth Sci. Vol. 22, pp. 1-13 (2009 A. D. / 1428 A. H.)
[5]. Internal report (Run 5) of "Gattar Yellow Cake Production Unit "(K.F. Mahmoud et al., 2006).

Abstract: In recent years, the development of efficient green chemistry methods for synthesis of metal nanoparticles has become a major focus of researchers. The investigations carried out are in an attempt to find an eco-friendly technique for the production of well-characterized nanoparticles. One of the most considered methods is production of metal nanoparticles using cost efficient and environment favoring methods like green synthesis. A review with the perspective of synthesis of Copper, Silver and Iron nano particles have been presented here...........
Keywords: Green Chemistry, Nanoparticles, Cost-effective, Green synthesis, eco- friendly

[1]. Y. Yang, H. Chen, B. Zhao and X. Bao, J. Cryst. Growth, 263 (2004) 447-453.
[2]. S. Deki, K. Akamatsu, T. Yano, M. Mizuhata and A. Kajinami, J. Mater. Chem., 8 (1998) 1865-1868.
[3]. W. Wang, G. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Zhan, Y. Liu and C. Zhang, Adv. Mater., 14 (2002) 67-69.
[4]. H. Yanagimoto, K. Akamatsu, K. Gotoh and S. Deki, J. Mater. Chem., 11 (2001) 2387-2389.
[5]. J.H. Gan, G.Q. Yu, B.K. Tay, C.M. Tan, Z.W. Zhao and Y.Q. Fu, J. Phys D: Appl Phys., 37 (2004) 81-85.
[6]. R.K. Swarnkar, S.C. Singh and R. Gopal, AIP Conf. Proc., 1147 (2009) 205-207.

Abstract: Removal of Cadmium (II), Copper (II) and Nickel (II) ions from aqueous solution by using dialdehyde starch aminopyrazine (DASNH2PYZ) was investigated. Dialdehyde starch (DAS) was obtained from periodate oxidative cleavage of C2–C3 bond of anhydroglucose units of the cassava starch. The DASNH2PYZ was prepared from a reaction between dialdehyde starch (DAS) and aminopyrazine, and characterized by elemental analysis, Solubility Test, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR)..........
Keywords: Starch Polymer, Dialdehyde starch, Starch Aminopyrazine, Chelating resin,

[1]. Cegłowski, M., and Schroeder, G. (2015). Preparation of porous resin with schiff base chelating groups for removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. Journal of chemical engineering 263, 402-411.
[2]. Feizi, M., and Jalali, M. (2015). Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions using sunflower, potato, canola and walnut shell residues. Journal of the taiwan institute of chemical engineers, 54, 125-136.
[3]. Rabiul Awual, M. D., Eldesoky, G. E., Yaita, T., Naushad, M. U., Shiwaku, H., AlOthman, Z. A., et al. (2015). Schiff based ligand containing nano-composite adsorbent for optical copper(II) ions removal from aqueous solutions. Journal of chemical engineering 279, 639–647.
[4]. Gupta, V. K., Jain, C. K., Ali, I., Chandra, S., and Agarwal, S. (2002). Removal of lindane and malathion from wastewater using bagasse fly ash-A sugar industry waste. Journal of Water Research, 36(10), 2483-2490.

[5]. Gupta, V. K., Jain, C. K., Ali, I., Sharma, M., and Saini, V. K. (2003). Removal of cadmium and nickel from wastewater using bagasse flyash-Asugar industry waste. Journal of Water Research, 37(16), 4038-4044.

Abstract: Dialdehyde starch aminopyrazole (DASAPyZO) was prepared by the reaction of dialdehyde starch (DAS) from periodate oxidized cassava starch with aminopyrazole. The oxidized starch (DAS) was successfully reacted with aminopyrazole in order to form dialdehyde starch aminopyrazole (DASAPyZO), which was then used to remove Co(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) ions from aqueous solution. Starch and modified starches and polymer complexes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to determine the structure and morphology respectively. The degree of substitution (DS) of DASAPyZO was found to be 0.84..........
Keywords: Starch Polymer, Dialdehyde starch, Starch Aminopyrazole, Chelating resin,

[1]. An, B., Lee, C. G., Song, M. K., Ryu, J. C., Lee, S., Park, S. J., (2015) Applicability and toxicity evaluation of an adsorbent based on jujube for the removal of toxic heavy metals. JournaI of Reactive and Functional Polymers 93, 138–147.
[2]. Anirudhan, T. S., and Shainy, F. (2015). Adsorption behaviour of 2-mercaptobenzamide modified itaconic acid-grafted-magnetite nanocellulose composite for cadmium(II) from aqueous solutions. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry xxx, xxx–xxx.
[3]. Awokoya, K. N., and Moronkola, B. A. (2012). Preparation and characterization of succinylated starch as adsorbent for the removal of Pb (II) ions from aqueous media. International Journal of Engineering and Science, 1(2012), 18-24.
[4]. Awokoya, K. N., and Moronkola, B. A. (2013). 2- Amino-4,6-Dihydroxylpyrimidine Modified Corn Starches For Uptake Of Cu(II) Ions From Aqueous Media. Journal of Polymer Science, 2, 49 - 55.
[5]. Ekebafe, L. O., Ogbeifun, D. E., and Okieimen, F. E. (2012). Removal of heavy metals from aqueous media using native cassava starch hydrogel. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 6(7), 275-282.

Abstract:This study sought to explore the possibility of using termitaria sampling as a preliminary step in mineral prospecting. Analysis of soil samples collected from various sections of termitaria indicated elevated levels of iron and titanium compared to samples collected from near the termitaria. Fractionation analysis was carried outtoconfirmthe concentration of iron and titanium in termitaria soil samples obtained from mineralized areas in Kenya. This was done after single step extraction of iron and titanium from soil samples...........
Keywords: Fractionation analysis, Termitaria, mobility

[1]. EPZA Kenya.(2005).Gemstones in Kenyahttp//www.epzakenya.com Accessed on 19 November 2012.
[2]. Kot, A. and Namiesnik, J. (2000).The Role of Speciation in Analytical Chemistry, Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 19:69-79
[3]. Larner, B. L., Seen, A. J. and Townsend, A. T.(2006).Comparative Study of Optimized Sequential Extraction Scheme and Leaching of Elements in the Certified Reference Material NIST 2711.AnalyticaChimicaActa556:444-449.
[4]. Michalke, B.(2003).Elemental Speciation- Definitions, Analytical Methodology and some ExamplesEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety 56: 122-139.
[5]. Michalke, B. (2003).Elemental Speciation Definitions, Analytical Methodology and some Examples.Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 56: 122-139.

Abstract: Binuclear Cobalt(II) complexes of the type [Co2(pipdtc)(aa)2(H2O)4], containing bridging Piperazine Dithiocarbamate (pipdtc) and amino acids(aaH) such as alanine(alaH), Phenyl alanine(phealaH), Tyrosine(tyrH), Methionine(metH) and Glycine(glyH) as the deprotonated chelated anion , have been prepared and Characterized by elemental and thermal analysis, IR, UV-Vis , ESR spectral studies, and magnetic susceptibility studies. Antibacterial, and Antifungal activities have also been carried out on these complexes which indicate promising results. The anticancer and antioxidant properties along with the DNA Cleavage studies have also been done which confirms the complexes are biologically significant..
Keywords: Binuclear Cobalt complexes, Amino acids, piperazine Dithiocarbamate, Antioxidant property and DNA cleavage studies.

[1]. AAM Aly; MS El-Meligy; ASA Zidan. Anionic complexes of some transition metals containing mixedβ-diketonato and alkylxanthato ligands; Transition Met. Chem., 14, 1989, 366–368
[2]. Bond AM and Martin RL. Electrochemistry and redox behaviour of transition metal dithiocarbamates. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1984;54,23.
[3]. Joris SJ. On the mechanism of decomposition of dithiocarbamates. J. Phys. Chem. 1970; 74:860.
[4]. Onwudiwe DC and Ajibade PA. Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Studies of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) Complexes of NMethyl- N-Phenyldithiocarbamate: The Single Crystal Structure of [(C6H5)(CH3)NCS2]4Hg2. Int.J.Mol.Sci. 2011; 12: 1964-1978.
[5]. Beer PD. Self assembled dithiocarbamatecopper (ii) macrocycls for electrochemical anion recognition. Chem. Commun. 2001; 4: 199-200.

Abstract: The mass spectra of Ricinoleic acid and Ricinoleic acid methyl ester were obtained from the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the n-Hexane extract of Ocimum gratissimum leaves. The method employed was extraction via maceration and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique was employed in separating the extract constituents. The extraction was carried out for eight days, in the first four days the extract obtained was labeled first n-Hexane extract of Ocimum gratissimum leaves, n-Hexane was added to the marc and left for another four days to get another extract labeled as second n-Hexane extract of Ocimum gratissimum leaves,................
Keywords: Ocimum gratissimum,n-Hexane extract, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, mass spectra, Ricinoleic acid, Ricinoleic acid Methyl Ester.

[1]. Effraim K.D., Jacks T.W., Sodipo O.A. Histopathological Studies on the Toxicity of Ocimum gratissimum Leaves Extract on some Organs of Rabbit. Afr.J.Biomed Res, 6: 2003, 21-25.
[2]. Adebolu T.T, Oladimeji S.A. Antimicrobial Activity of Leaf Extract of Ocimum gratissimum on selected Diarrhea causing Bacteria in South West Nigeria. Afrcan Journal of Biotechnology, 4(7): 2005, 682-684.
[3]. Nwinyi O.C., Chinedu N.S., Ajani O.O., Ikpo C.O., Oguniran K.O. Antibacterial effects of Extracts of Ocimum gratissimum and Piper guineense on Esherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Afr.J.Food Sci, 3(3): 2009, 077-081.
[4]. Ueda-Nakamura T., R.R Mendona-Filho, J.A Morya do-Diaz, P.K. Maza and B.P.D Fiho. Anti-leshmanial Activity of Eugenol-rich Essential oil from Ocimum gratissimum. Parasitol.Int, 55: 2006,99-105.
[5]. Dubey N.K., Tiwari T.N., Mandin D., Andriamboavonjy H., Chaumont J.P. Antifungal Properties of Ocimum gratissimum Essential oil (Ethyl Cinnamate chemotype). Fitoterapia 71: 2000, 567-569.

Abstract: Mixed ligand complexes of copper (II) with Thiosemi carbazones of acetophenone /benzophenone /benzaldehyde/ vanillin and chloroethanol as a second ligand are reported. The complexes are characterized by Elemental and thermal analyses, IR, UV-visible, EPRspectralstudies, and magnetic susceptibility studies.Antibacterial, Antifungal activities were carried out on these complexesagainst the bacteria, E.coli, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus auerus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and against the fungi, candida albicans, Trichodermaviridi and Aspergillus niger.The invitro cytotoxicity of the complexes against HT 29 colon cancer cells showed excellent activity with very low IC 50 values together with significantly higher selectivity index.
Keywords: antibacterial, antifungal, anticanceractivities,mixed ligand complexesof Cu (II), Chloroethanoland Thiosemicarbazone complexes..

[1]. J.Joseph, K. Nagashri, G. BoomadeviJanaki, Novel metal based anti-tuberculosis agent: Synthesis, Characterization, catalytic and pharmacological activities of copper complexes, Eur. J. Med. Che., 49, 2012, 151-163
[2]. M.K. Bharty, R.K. Dani, P.Nath, A. Bharti, N.K. Singh, Om Prakash, RanjanK.Singh, R.J. Butcher, Syntheses, Structural and thermal studies on Zn(II) complexes of 5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione and dithiocarbamates. Antibacterial activity and DFT calculations, Polyhedron, 98, 2015, 84-95
[3]. T.A. Yousef, O.A. El-Gammal , Sara F. Ahmed , G.M. Abu El-Reash, Synthesis, biological and comparative DFT studies on Ni(II) complexes of NO and NOS donor ligands, SpectrochimicaActa Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 135, 2015, 690–703
[4]. H. Beraldo, D. Gambino, The wide pharmacological versatility of semicarbazones, thiosemicarbozones and their metal complexes, Med. Chem., 4(1), 2004, 31-9.
[5]. F.A. Beckford, J. Thessing, A. Stott, A.A. Holder, O.G. Poluektov, L. Li, N.P.Seeram, Anticancer activity and biophysical reactivity of copper complexes of 2-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethylene)-N-alkylhydrazinecarbothioamides, Inorg. Chem. Commun., 15, 2012, 225-229.