Volume-7 ~ Issue-8 ~ August-2014

Abstract: The Asteraceae family of plants is a widely distributed medicinal plant throughout the world and has been used since ancient time. Members of this family have been used traditionally as astringent, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, diaphoretic in fevers, smooth muscle relaxant, nerve tonics, laxatives and for the treatment of wounds, bleedings, headache, pains, spasmodic diseases, flatulence, dyspepsia dysentery, lumbago, leucorrhoea, hemorrhoids, gangrenous ulcer and disorders causing cachexia.Phytochemical investigations of the Asteraceae family have revealed that many components from this family are highly bioactive. There are many reports on the mentioned herbal effects. Although, the medicinal properties ofplants belonging to the Asteraceae family are recognized worldwide, there is no review article mainly about the structures of the phytochemical constituents of the plant of the asteraceaefamily. The present paper reviews the medicinal properties alongside with peculiar phytoconstituent of various plants belonging to the Asteraceae family. Various medicinal effects of these plants may be due to the presence of a broad range of secondary bioactive metabolites such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, coumarins, terpenoids (monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and triterpenes) and sterols which have been frequently reported from the Asteraceae family.

Keywords: Antioxidant, Asteraceae, bioactive compounds, hepatoprotective, phytochemical

[1]. Tapia, A., Rodríguez, J., Theoduloz, C., Lopez, S., Feresin, G. E. and Schmeda-Hirschmann, G.Preliminary phytochemical activity of the pluchea species .Journal of. Ethnopharmacology(2004);95, 155.
[2]. Maria J. A., and Paulina B.Baccharis(Compositae): a review update. marigold petals. Journal of Food Science(2007); 41,163-164.
[3]. Guo, Y., Li, Y., Xu, J., Watanabe, R., Oshima, Y., Yamakuni, T. and Ohizumi, Y.. Preliminary Phytochemical and Antimicrobial screening of BucharrisgaudichaudianaJournal of Natural Product(2006);69: 274.
[4]. Falk, A. J., Smolenski, S. J., Bauer, L. and Bell, C. L.. Isolation and identification of three new flavones from AchilleamillefoliumL. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences(2000);64: 1838-1842.
[5]. Kizil, S., Çakmak, S., Kirici, M. and Inan, A. Comprehensive study on safflower (carthamustinctoriusL.) In semi-arid conditions. Journal of biotechnology(2008);12: 23

Abstract: Evaporative fractionation of petroleum by gas injection over oil was established by Thompson. In this process he could fractionate reservoir petroleum to paraffin rich condensate in the shallow reservoir and aromatic rich residual oil in the original reservoir. In the present work attempt has been made to test fractionation by heating crude oil in a closed system to build up adequate vapour pressure necessary for fractionation in the vapour phase condition. The technique has been tested using Sabah oil of East Malaysia and Dulang oil of Peninsular Malaysia. Results of present experiment indicate aromatic rich condensate in the shallower reservoir and paraffin rich residual oil in the original reservoir. It is therefore concluded that evaporative fractionation can alter the nature of reservoir oil to paraffin rich or aromatic rich depending on the process of fractionation.

Keywords: Aromaticity, Crude Oil, Evaporative fractionation, Paraffinicity, Reservoir alteration

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Abstract: A new Schiff bases containing 2-[(2-chloro-4-methylbenzylidene) amino] pyridin-4-ol with some transition metal ions with general formula of the complexes [M(L2)nH2O] [ where M= Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) Cu(II), Zn(II), Pt(II) and L= 2-[(2-chloro-4-methylbenzylidene) amino] pyridin-4-ol ] have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic moment and spectral techniques like Infrared spectra, Electronic Spectra, Mass Spectra, Thermal Analysis, Electron spin Resonance & X-ray powder diffraction. The complexes have six co-ordination numbers with octahedral geometry. The mass spectral data confirms the monomeric structure of the metal complexes, while Thermal studies confirm that presence of two co-ordinate water molecules in the complexes. The covalency factor (β), bonding parameter (b1/2) suggest that complexes have covalent nature. The Schiff base and complexes have been tested against some bacteria, it shows that Pt (II) complexes are more active towards all bacteria.

Keywords: 2-[(2-chloro-4-methylbenzylidene) amino] pyridin-4-ol, ESR, TGA/DTA, Electronic spectra and Antibacterial activity.

[1]. B.Holla, B.Rao, K.Shridhara and P.Akberali, Studies on arylfuran derivatives Part XI. Synthesis, characterisation and biological studies on some Mannich bases carrying 2, 4-dichlorophenylfurfural moiety, Farmaco, 55, 2000, 338-344.
[2]. K.Marina, M.Anastssia, M.Panagiotis, P.Nicole, P.Spyroula, P.Christophe and W. Myriam, Synthesis and antiviral activity evaluation of some new 6-substituted 3-(1-adamantyl)- 1, 2, 4-triazolo[3, 4-b] [1, 3, 4] thiadiazoles, Farmaco, 57,2002, 253-257.
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[5]. M.Manjunatha, V.Naik, A.Kulkarni and S.Patil, DNA cleavage, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory anthelmintic activities and spectroscopic studies of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes of biologically potential coumarin Schiff bases, Journal of Coordition Chemistry, 64(24), 2011,4264-4275.

Abstract: Speciation of the following heavy metals, Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni) and Zinc (Zn) were studied in the sediments of five streams in Ibadan metropolis namely Odo – ona (S-1), Ogunpa (S-2), Ogbere (S-3), Kudeti (S-4) and Gege (S-5). Highest percentage (%) of Cr, Co and Ni were observed in the residual fraction, followed by Cu and Cd in the oxidisable fraction and Zn and Pb in the reducible fraction. Exchangeable fraction contributed the least % of all the metals studied except in the (S-1) where the % metals contribution of exchangeable fraction was more than that of carbonate bound fraction. The presence of more than 50% of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn in non – lithogenous phase of all the studied streams, Co in (S-1) and Ni in (S-2) indicates the influence of anthropogenic activities. Their readily availability for plants and aquatic biota uptakes also suggested greater environmental risks. Cr, Co and Ni in all the studied streams of Ibadan metropolis were influenced by rock and soils formation (weathering) except Co and Ni in S-1 and S-2 streams respectively. However, their unavailability for uptakes indicated no environmental risks under natural conditions.
Keywords: Speciation, heavy metals, environmental risks, lithogenous, sediments

[1]. A.V. Filgueiras, I. Lavilla and C. Bendicho (2002) Chemical Sequential Extraction for metal Partitioning in environmental solid samples. J. Environ. Monit. 4, 823-857.
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Abstract: Athi River bentonite clay was activated using sulphuric acid at various acid concentrations, clay-acid ratio, temperature and contact times. Optimization was based on palm oil bleaching performance. The chemical compositions of the raw clay and clay activated at different acid concentrations were analysed to investigate the extent of cation dissolution and exchange. From the results, the clay was classified as calcium bentonite. Both cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the apparent bulk density were found to decrease with increase in acid concentration. When palm oil was bleached at 90°C for 30 minutes using1% and 4% clay activated with 2M sulphuric acid, the bleaching performances obtained were 94.5 and 98% respectively. These results compared well with those of a commercial bleaching clay which was used as standard. The equilibrium data was analysed using Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms and the former was found to provide a better fit for the data. The calculated heat of adsorption indicated that palm oil bleaching by the activated clay was an exothermic reaction and a physico-chemical process. Sulphuric acid activation was found to be an effective method of improving adsorption performance of Athi River bentonite clay and the activated product is a viable alternative to imported commercial bleaching earth.

Keywords: Acid activation, Bentonite clay, Oil bleaching, Adsorption isotherm

[1] G. B Kutlic, I. Sobota, Bentonite processing, Professional Paper 24, 2012, 61-65
[2] S. Nadežda,. L. Mihovil, L. Jelena, P. Jelena, M. Miljana, B. Biljana, M. Radosavljevi, Characterization of bentonite clay from "Greda" deposit. Processing and Application of Ceramics 5 (2), 2011, 97–101
[3] A. Basim, Rheology of sodium and calcium bentonite–water dispersions: Effect of electrolytes and aging time. Inter. Journal of Mineral Processing 98, 2011,208–213
[4] M.A. Didi, B. Makhoukhi, A. Azzouz, D. Villemin, Colza oil bleaching through optimized acid activation of bentonite: A comparative study, Applied Clay Science, 42, 2009, 336–344
[5] M.A. Usman, O. Oribayo, A.A. Adebayo, (2013) Bleaching of Palm Oil by Activated Local Bentonite and Kaolin Clay from Afashio, Edo-Nigeria, Chemical and Process Engineering Research. 10, www.iiste.org

Abstract: The ability of coconut fibre , saw dust and tea waste to adsorb nicotine, from aqueous solutions has been investigated through batch experiments. The amount of nicotine adsorption as found to be dependent on adsorbent dosage and contact time. All experiments were carried out at a constant, temperature of 30°C . The experimental isotherm were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich sequations. The experiments showed that higher removal rate was shown by coconut fibre than saw dust and tea waste.

Keywords: Nicotine , Adsorbent, Adsorption isotherms, Removal.

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Abstract: HPLC is rapid more accurate,purity checking & separation method of paracetamolin different drug sample as compare with standard reference& sample solutiow within complies with Indian Pharmacopeia. This method is applicable to Forensic science laboratories also. It is very sensitive less time consumable but sharp peaks recorded. Chromatographic technique – stainless still column 20cm x 4.6mm packed with ocadesilance bonded to porous silica 10 micrometer. Flow rates 0.2ml /min. at 20 micrometer loop injector & spectrophoto-meter set at 272 nm. Retention time of std 4-ammino phenol & sample solution 4.388 & 4.542 respectively. La-beled amount 102.86% of paracetamol was observed. The % is indicated that the paracetamol is within limit of Indian pharmacopeia. Identification: Sample given Indian pharmacopeia identification test for the presence of paracetamol.
KeyWords: Analysis, Chromatogram, Drug Sample, HPLC, Paracetamol, Retention time, Spectrophotometer

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bioequivalence study. J BrazChem Soc. 2005, 16, pp. 944-950

Abstract: Tg is important both as a measure of the degree of cure and for prediction of viscoelastic behavior of cured sheets DMA is an extremely versatile thermal analysis method that provides as much information about the physical properties of a sample in a single test. At the glass transition, the storage modulus decreases dramatically and the loss modulus reaches a maximum. In the present work, Vinyl ester resin based UV cured sheets were casted and analyzed for glass transition temperature with the help of DMTA. The thermal stability of the casted sheets was studied with derivative weight loss curves obtained through simultaneous TGA/DTA thermograms. The glass transition temperatures of the casted UV Cured sheets were found between 61-770C corresponding to maximum tan delta values. On the basis of the findings presented in this article, it can be concluded that the glass transition temperature is decreasing on increasing the acrylic acid and methyl methacrylate concentration in UV curable formulations, which is indicating a decrease in degree of crosslinking but on the other hand mechanical properties have shown a remarkable increase. The specific gravity of the sheets was found in the range 1.46-1.21. However, after crosslinking with acrylate monomers, thermal stability of these UV cured sheets is increasing and hence the sheets could withstand relatively high temperatures without significantly affecting other properties. The average molecular weight between the cross links (Mc) of the cured formulations was also calculated from equilibrium shear modulus at thermodynamic temperature of 25 0C and compared with theoretical values.

Keywords: Glass transition; UV Curing; DTA; DMA; TGA

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Abstract: Main use of polymer – metal complexes lies in their ability to act as catalysts. In the proposed work we have selected poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) as ligand for complexing with nickel. Poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) is a water soluble polymer having a large number of consumer and environment friendly uses which are the consequences of its unique properties like biological compatibility, low toxicity, film forming ability, complexing ability, resistance to thermal degradation in solution and relatively inert behavior towards salts and acids. Nickel, being a transition metal, shows very good catalytic properties. Nickel based catalysts meet the criteria required for the catalysis of a wide range of chemical reactions. Polymer-metal complexes of poly (vinylpyrrolidone) and nickel were prepared by using aqueous solution of PVP (30K) and alcoholic solution of nickel chloride hexahydrate (NiCl2 ∙ 6H2O) at room temperature with different molar compositions. The polymer-metal complexes were obtained in crystalline form by evaporation of the solvent. They were characterized by solubility studies, FTIR, 1H - NMR and 13C - NMR. Procedure was repeated with aqueous solution of the salt also. The spectral analysis of the reactants and the polymer-metal complexes confirmed the formation of expected complexes. The conditions for better complexation were optimized.

Keywords: 13C-NMR, FTIR, 1H-NMR, Nickel chloride hexahydrate, Poly (vinyl pyrrolidone).

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Abstract: In this work, natural pulverized locust beans hull exhibited high sorption capacity, four influence conditions studied at 30±20 C; the suspensions shaken at constant 130 rpm and analyzed with absorption spectrophotometer (AAS; Perkin-Elmer model Analyst 2000). Maximum equilibrium mg/g sorption attained within 30mins at optimum equilibrium of pH 7.0. Lagergren pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were examined; Pb2+ adsorption better explained by the Ho pseudo-second-order model. Mathematical description sorption equilibrium Langmuir and Freundlich models were proposed, Langmuir R2 = 0.9998 > R2 = 0.1274 Freundlich isotherm, suggested that the Langmuir isotherm provide a good model for the locust beans hull lead (II) ions adsorption process.

Keywords: Adsorption,Kinetics, Lignocellulosic,Natural pulverized beans hull,Sequester

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