Volume-7 ~ Issue-3 ~ March-2014

Abstract: This work is endeavor to explore the defluoridation capability of raw bentonites first time collected from the woods of Jharkhand hills without transferring neurotoxin aluminium to drinking water as compared with potash alum of Nalgonda technique (NEERI, Nagpur) now declared erroneous. These bentonites are found to have 76.67% of fluoride removal capacity which has been found to be much more than the fluoride removal capacity of raw bentonites reported till now. The kinetic study of defluoridation by Jharkhand bentonites of different particle size (mesh) revealed that as the particle size of Bentoniteis increased the fluoride removal capacity reduces. Samples AB6(Chitra), AB9(Godda), AB12(Godda), AB16(Godda) and AB17(Dumka)were able to reduce the fluoride concentration by 53.3%, 73.3%, 66.6% 56.6% and 76.3% respectively when used with mesh size of 300, while the same samples with mesh size of 150 had fluoride removal capacity of 0%, 33.3%, 43.3% , 43.3%, 33.3% respectively. Samples like AB10 (Sahibganj), AB18 (Dumka), AB19 (Dumka), AB21 (Daltaganj), AB22 (Lohardaga) and AB23 (Dumka) showed fluoride removal capacities from 56.6% to 76.6%. Bentonite, due to its three layered alumino silicate structure does not transfer aluminium to drinking water as potash alum of Nalgonda technique.
Key words: Nalgonda Potash alum, Drinking water, Raw Bentoniteof Jharkhand, Defluoridationcapacity, Neurotoxin.

[1] Y. Cengeloglu, E. Kir, M. Ersoz, Sep. Purif. Technol.,81–86 (2002).
[2] A. Tor, Desalination, 201, 2006, 267–276.
[3] S. Meenakshi, N. Viswanathan, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 308, 2007, 438–450.
[4] M.G. Sujana, R.S. Thakur, S.N. Das, S.B. Rao, Asian J. Chem., 4, 1997, 561–570.
[5] F. Durmaz, H. Kara, Y. Cengeloglu, M. Ersoz, Desalination, 177, 2005, 51–57.

Abstract: The thermo-oxidative degradation of unstabilized and stabilized coatings of each of a saturated polyester and a poly (pentaerythritol-phthalate)based alkyd coatings separately pigmented with syncomine yellow 1630 have been studied. The test stabilizer was dibutyltin diethanoate employed at varying concentrations. The degradation of the coatings was monitored using color development, determination of gel content, stress–strain relationships, gloss retention and optical microscopy. The results showed that incorporating a concentration of 5 or 10 x 10-4 mole % of the tin ester can effectively stabilize both the polyester and alkyd coatings against thermo oxidative degradation.
Keywords: Polyester, alkyd, dibutyltindiethanoate, degradation, stabilizer,coating.

[1]. E.G Kolawole, J.J Bonire, O.A Peters, A.A Somorin, Turoti M., Weatherability of alkyd coatings. Part 1: Stabilization of poly pentaeryhritol-phthalate) based alkyd resin using dibutyltin dicarboxylates during outdoor exposure. Nigerian Journal of Polymer Science 2; 2001; 100-112.
[2]. F. Alavi-Moghadan, G. Ayrey, R.C Poller., The use of organotin compounds in the thermal stabilization of poly(vinyl chloride). A radio chemical study of reaction between PVC and di(butylthiolato)dibutyltin. EuroPolm; J.11(9), 1975, 649-651.
[3]. M. Farnsworth, J. Percola, Determination of Tin in inorganic and Organic compounds and mixture, Analytical Chem.1959, 31, pp.410..
[4]. J.F Rolinson 1987, Pigments for paint in Paint. In; R. Lambourne, (Ed). Surface Coatings (New York, John Wile & Sons, 1987), pp111-193.
[5]. M. Turoti, J.B Adeniyi, J.Y Olayemi, O.A Peter, The thermo-oxidative degradation of poly(vinylchloride): 3.The stabilizing action of dibutyltinmaleateandtrisnitro(1,3-dihydoxy-2-hydroxymethyl-2-nitropropane). Effect of outdoor exposure on PVC. Polym Deg Stab. 63, 1999; 341-347.

Abstract: A rapid, simple,sensitive and selective direct spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of nickel(II) in various real samples. 5-Bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde-p-hydroxybenzoic hydrazone reacts with Ni(II) forming green coloured soluble complex [(Ni(II)-5-BHMBHBH] in basic buffer solution. The maximum absorbance was observed in the pH range 5.5-7.5 and Ni(II)-5-BHMBHBH shows at λmax at 440 nm. The method obeys Beer's law in the range 0.117 to 2.64 μg /ml. The molar absorptivity is 2.013×104 L mol-1 cm-1 and Sandell's sensitivity is0.0029mg/cm2. The standard deviation of the method for ten determinations of 0.6050 μg/ml of Ni(II) is 0.00256. The correlation coefficient (γ) of the calibration equation of the experimental data is 0.9999. The effect of various diverse ions is studied. The formula of the complex is 1:1 and its stability constant is 2.83×106. The method developed has been used for the determination of nickel(II) in alloy samples, drinking water, plant samples and in vegetable oil.
Keywords: Ni(II), Spectrophotometry, 5-Bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde-p-hydroxybenzoic hydrazine(5-BHMBHBH).

[1]. Dixon, N.E., Gazzola, C., Balakey, R.L., and Zerver, B., J.Am. Chem. Soc., (1975),97,4131.
[2]. Hewit, E.J., " Chemistry and Agriculture" Special Publication No. 36 Chem. Society, London, (1971), 91.
[3]. Welch, R.M., J. Plant Nutri., (1981), 3,345.
[4]. Shell F. D., Photometric and Flourometric methods of analysis ,John Wiley, New Yark, (1978).
[5]. Gopala Krishna D., Devanna N., Chandrasekhar K.B., J.Pharm.Biomed .Sci.(2010), 1 ,5.

Abstract: 6-hydroxy-4metheyl-5-phenyl azo coumarin have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared (IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Mass spectra. The important infrared (IR) spectral bands corresponding to the active groups in the ligand and the solid complexes under investigation were studied. Also the important fragments in the ligand and the complexes were done using mass spectra and the main peaks were corresponding to the molecular weights of the ligand and complexes. The solid complexes have been synthesized and studied by elemental and as well as by IR, 1H NMR, mass spectra, molar conductance,. All of the prepared solid complexes behave as non-electrolytes in chloroform.
Keywords: Synthesis; Transition metal complexes; Spectroscopic; molar Conductance.

[1] G. J. Keating, and R. O'Kennedy, In The chemistry and occurrence of coumarins, R.O'Kennedy and R. D. Thornes Eds., John
Wiley & Sons West Sussex, England, p. 23-64, 1997.
[2] I. Kostova, Curr. Med. Chem. - Anti-Cancer Agents, 5, 29 (2005).
[3] E. G. H. Shahinian, I. Haiduc and I. Sebe, UPB Sci. Bull., Series B: Chem. Mater. Sci, 73, 153 (2011).
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[5] O. M. Abdelhafez, K. M. Amin, R. Z. Batran, T. J. Maher, S. A. Nada and S. Sethumadhavan, Bioorg. and Med. Chem., 18, 3371
(2010).

Abstract: Sm(III) Chelates of isomeric juglones i.e of lawsone, juglone, phthiocol and plumbagin have been synthesized. Molecular structures of these isomeric chelates are investigated with the help of thermogravimetry, infrared, electronic spectroscopy and microanalysis. The antimicrobial activity of ligands and the chelates is tested. The results of structural investigations and antimicrobial activity are compared to explore the nature and consequences of ring isomerism on the structural characteristics and antimicrobial activity of these isomeric chelates.
Key words: Sm(III),lawsone, juglone phthiocol, plumbagin, spectral, antimicrobial studies.

[1] R.H. Thomson, Naturally Occuring quinones 2nd Ed (Academic press, New York 1971).
[2] Mrudula P Wadekar,Monali S. Itkar, Pritamkumar Shinde, B.L. Khade, Spectral, XRD and antimicrobial studies on isomeric chelates of Magnesium (II) and Calcium II) with phthiocol and plumbagin, International journal of chemical sciences, ,3(11), 2012,1606-1610.
[3] S.B.Padhye and B.A. Kulkarni, Evidence for the hydrogen bonding in some hydroxylated naphthoquinones by adsoption chromatography, Chromatographia, 8(7), 1975, 352-353.
[4] N.R. Dhumal, A.V. Todakari, S.Y. Rane, S.P. Gejji, Hydrogen bonding motif in 2-hydroxy naphthoquinone, Theoretical chemistry accounts, 113(3), 2005, 161-166.
[5] Ambrogi V, Artini D, Carneri DE, Castellino S, Dradi E, Longemann W, Meinardi G, DI Somma M, Tosolini G, Studies on the antibacterial and antifungal properties of 1,4 naphthoquinones,Br.J.Pharmacol.,40,1970,871-880.

Abstract: In this study, we conducted an empirical investigation of the impact of financial sector reforms on the performance of manufacturing sector in Nigeria. The data series employed were gathered from various sources such as the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin, Economic and Financial Review, monthly and annual report and statement of account for various years. The study also employed the multivariate co-integration method by Johansen (1988) and Jeselius (1990). The time series property of quarterly data employed were first investigated. This is then followed by testing for co-integrated variables. Based on the time series property of data used, the results clearly indicated that there was one co-integrating vector. Findings from the study showed that financial sector reforms in Nigeria did not have significant impact on the growth of manufacturing out-put in Nigeria during study period. Based on these findings, it is recommended that appropriate policies that will increase credit to the private sector and ensure efficient allocation of credit to the private sector are required. Also, Central Bank of Nigeria should be more effective in the area of supervision of commercial banks in loan disbursement to manufacturers.

[1]. Adewuyi, A.O (2002), "Balance of payments constraints and Growth Rate Differences Under Alternative Policy Regime in Nigeria", Monogragh Series No. 10.
[2]. Acemoglu, D.S. Johnson and J.A. Robinson "the colonial origins of comparative development: An empirical investigation. American Economic Review Vol. 91 No. 5, pp. 1369, 1401, 2001.
[3]. Anderson J.E. "Trade and informal Institutions" in Handbook of International Trade: Economic and Legal Analysis of Laws and Institutions, E.K. Choi and J.C. Hartigan (eds). Oxford, Basil Blackwell, pp. 279-293, 2005.
[4]. Balogun, E.D. "Credit Policies and Industrial development in Nigeria". CBN Economic and Financial Review (1991), 29(2): pp. 138-155.
[5]. Beck, T.G. Clarke, A. Groff, P. Keefer and P. Walsh (2002). New tools and New test in comparative political Economy. The Database of political Institutions and Regulation and Competition policy, Development Research Group, World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Abstract: Boron level in irrigation water is an important factor for high yield and quality agricultural production. Concentration below 1ppm provides plants with proper development and higher concentration poses toxicity problem. This necessitates for the use of accurate technique for assessment of boron in the irrigation water. Several analytical methods have been used for determination of boron in water and waste water systems but optimization of measurement condition has not been fully carried out. Analytical method was developed using azomethine-H. Effect of ascorbic acid and pH were investigated. From the result obtained, it was found that ascorbic acid in the reagent serves as antioxidant and optimum pH for measurement was found to be 5.24  0.02 at room temperature and wavelength of 415nm. This method showed wide linearity of up to 3ppm boron, good sensitivity and accuracy with limit of detection of 0.0514ppm within 95% confidence level. It can be concluded that this technique is better effective than the existing methods for boron determination in aqueous solution.
Keywords: Boron, Spectrophotometry, Azomethine-H, Irrigation-water, Absorbance.

[1] Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (DASNR) (2012) ―Classification of Irrigation Water Quality‖
Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Fact Sheets, Oklahoma State University USA at:
http://www.soiltesting.okstate.edu/Extn_Pub/F-2401web.pdf Accessed 13 Feb., 2012
[2] Lenntech B.V., (2011) Water Treatment Solutions at: http://www.lenntech.com/applications/irrigation/toxic/toxic-ions-hazard-ofirrigation-
water.htm. Accessed 13th Feb., 2012
[3] Farhat, A., Ahmad, F., and Arafat, H. (2012) Analytical techniques for boron quantification supporting desalination processes: A
review. Desalination
[4] Duffy, M., Thomas, R., (1996) ―Benefits of a dual-view ICP OES for the determination of boron, phosphorus, and sulfur in low
alloy steels‖, Atomic Spectroscopy—Norwalk Connecticut, 17, 128–132.
[5] Barth, S., (1997) Comparison of NTIMS and ICP-OES methods for the determination of boron concentrations in natural fresh
and saline waters, Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 358 854–855.

Abstract: Present study aim to understand the hydrogeochemistry of underground water of Kanpur Dehat district U.P. with special reference to fluoride contamination. Total 75 samples from ground water sources scattered in 10 blocks of Kanpur Dehat were collected and analyzed. The data collected were analyzed statistically. The characteristic feature of ground water indicated the presence of F- (0.20-4.76 μg/mL), HCO32- (213.50-1830.00 μg/mL), CO32- (0.00-204.00 μg/mL) Cl- (0.00-603.50 μg/mL), SO42-(1.92-649.00 μg/mL), Mg2+ (13.74-138.51 μg/mL) Na+ (23.50-750.00 μg/mL), K+ (2.00-87.12 μg/mL). In general pH of ground water is found to be alkaline (mean ± SD, 8.11±.0.40 with high value of EC (458.00-4992.00 μS/cm), TDS (516.00-2998.00 μg/mL), TH (89.70-740.00 μg/mL), TA (0.00-1500.00 μg/mL) and Iron (0.00-419 μg/mL).Total 14.67% samples exceeds maximum desirable limit of BIS 10500 and WHO limit (1.5 μg/mL). Sarwankhera is found to be worst affected where 50% samples exceeds both BIS maximum permissible limit and WHO limit, followed by Sandalpur, Derapur, Akbarpur, Rasulabad, Jhinjhank and Amroudha. Maitha, Rajpur and Malasa are found to be safe for drinking in reference of fluoride.
Keywords: Correlation matrix, Factor analysis, Fluoride, Hydrochemistry, statistical analysis.

[1] Saxena, V.K. and Ahmed, S., 2001. Dissolution of fluoride in groundwater: a water rock interaction study. Environmental Geology, (40)9(9): 1084-1087.
[2] Chae, G.Y., Seong, T.M., Bernhard, K., Kyoung-Ho, K. and Seong-Yong, K., 2007. Fluorine geochemistry in bedrock groundwater of South Korea. Science of The Total Environment, 385(1-3): 272-283.
[3] Ahmed, S., Bertrand, F., Saxena, V., Subramaniyam, K. and Touchard, F., 2002. A geostatistical method of determining priority of measurement wells in a fluoride monitoring network in an aquifer. Journel of applied Geochem, 4(2B): 576-585.
[4] WHO, 2006. Fluoride in drinking water.
[5] IS 11624:1986, "Guidelines for the quality of irrigation water", Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 1986. IS 10500:1991, "Drinking water", Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 1991, p.g. 8.

Abstract: Single crystal EPR studies on Cu(II) and VO(II) doped Diaquamalonatozinc(II) are already studied and published. Inorder to understand the effect of Mn(II) in the host lattice Diaquamalonatozinc(II), single crstal EPR studies of Mn(II) doped Diaquamalonatozinc(II) are carried out at room temperature to identify the local structure of the host ion. Angular variation of Mn(II) hyperfine lines in the three orthogonal planes shows the presence of a two sites. The spin-Hamiltonian parameters calculated from the single crystal EPR spectra are: gxx = 1.989, gyy = 1.999, gzz = 2.023; Axx = 8.72, Ayy = 9.28; Azz = 9.34 mT, Dxx = -33.36, Dyy = -7.25, Dzz = 40.61 mT and E = 13.05 mT. The spin-Hamiltonian parameters calculated from the powder EPR spectrum are: g = 1.995, A = 9.25 mT, D = -53.6. The percentage of covalency obtained is around 8.5%.
Keywords: Diamagnetic host lattice, EPR, Mn(II), Single crystal, Two sites.

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