Volume-7 ~ Issue-10 ~ October-2014

Abstract: This study was carried out to determine the effect of sweeteners xylitol, stevia (rebaudioside-A) and stevia blend (mixture of stevia, maltitol and sorbitol) as sugar replacement in the production of roselle pickle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) based on sensory evaluation (acceptance tests), physico-chemical properties and microbiological quality of the pickle. From the sensory evaluation test, it showed that among all the sweeteners used, the formulation of roselle pickle using xylitol as a sugar substitute gave the most accepted sweetener compared to stevia blend and stevia (rebaudioside-A). The value of L *, a * and b* for the colour of roselle pickle were different for formulations containing sweeteners compared to roselle pickle containing sugar (control). Roselle pickle with xylitol showed higher in total soluble solids than from the roselle pickle with stevia blend and stevia (rebaudioside-A).

[1]. Anderson, J. and Young, L. 2008. Water-Soluble Vitamins.In: Food and Nutrition Series. Colourado State University Extension.
[2]. Anon. 2011. Pickling. Cooksinfo [Online]. Available from: http ://www.cooksinfo.com/pickling [ Accessed 26 March 2011].
[3]. Anon. 2009. Pelancaran Tiga Jenis Roselle Baru. Risalah UKM, 23hb April. Bangi: Penerbitan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
[4]. Barbara, H.I. 2002. Wisconsin Safe Food Preservation Series: Homemade Pickles and Relishes. University of Wisconsin-Extension Cooperative Extension [Online]. Available from: http://www.foodsafety.wisc.edu/assets/preservation/B2267_Pickles_08.pdf [Accessed 27 December 2011]

Abstract: Different monoazo disperse dyes N-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-((4-(3'-nitro phenyl)-1, 3-thiazol-2-yl) amino)acetamide derivatives has been synthesized in the current study using different diazotized aryl amines. These were characterized using elemental analysis, 1H NMR and IR spectra. Their dyeing performance on polyester fiber was assessed and fastness properties of these dyes were evaluated by applying them to polyester fiber. These dyes showed moderate anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities.

Keywords: 2-Amino-4-(3'-nitro phenyl) thiazole, chloroacetylchloride, 4-nitro aniline, dyeing performance, 1H NMR, IR Spectra, antimicrobial activity.

[1]. B. R. Modi, D. M. Vashi and K. R. Desai, Ind. J. of Chem. Technology, Sept., (1994) 317-318.
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[6]. PC. Miranda, LM. Rodrigues, MST. Goncalves, SPG. Costa, R. Hardina and AMF. Oliveira, Advance in Colour Science and Technology. 4 (2001) 1.

Abstract: Background: Interleukins are a group of cytokines (secreted proteins/signaling molecules) that were first seen to be expressed by white blood cells (leukocytes). In chronic hepatitis C, intra-hepatic expression of both IL-8 and IL-2 increased with fibrosis and inflammatory activity. Positive correlations were found between IL-8 and other cytokines and between cytokines themselves. These findings suggest that these interacting cytokines play an active role in the pathogenesis of CHC, and maybe involved in the up regulation or induction of one and other, and interleukin-6 (IL-6), the major cytokine inducers of the acute phase response, are markedly raised in acute alcoholic hepatitis and correlate closely with clinical and laboratory indicators of disease severity. Methods: We measured (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-8) serum levels in 60 patients classified into three different groups twenty chronic renal failure patients, twenty liver disease patients and twenty patients of chronic renal failure combined with liver diseases in comparison to twenty healthy controls. Serum (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-8) were determined using ELISA technique. Results: IL-2 and IL-6 were significantly highest in HCV and combined groups with no significant difference between them, followed by renal group compared to IL-4 and IL-8 were significantly highest in combined group, followed by renal group, followed by HCV group and lowest in control group. Conclusions: IL-2 and IL-6 are elevated in patients with chronic HCV disease. IL-4 and IL-8 are elevated in chronic renal failure.

Keywords: Chronic HCV; Chronic renal failure; Interleukins

[1]. Beadling C, Smith KA (November 2002). "DNA array analysis of interleukin-2-regulated immediate/early genes". Med Immunol 1 (1): 2. doi:10.1186/1476-9433-1-2. PMC 149405.
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[3]. Sokol CL, Barton G, Farr AG and Medzhitov R, (2008). "A mechanism for the initiation of allergen-induced T helper type 2 responses". Nat Immunol 9 (3): 310–318. [4]. Jon Aster, Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas; Nelson Fausto (2009). Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (8th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. p. 54.
[5]. Marone G, Florio G, Petraroli A, de Paulis A (2001). "Dysregulation of the IgE/Fc epsilon RI network in HIV-1 infection". J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 107 (1): 22–30

Abstract: The behaviour of three different laccase-based amperometric biosensors was studied in view of their use in agricultural or industrial waters polluted by phenolic compounds. Catechol was used as model substrate. Laccase from Trametes versicolor was immobilized directly on gold electrode on one biosensor (type A) by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde while, on the second biosensor (type B), laccase was covalently bound to organothiol layers on gold electrode and finally on the third biosensor (type C) laccase was covalently bound to silanized gold electrode. For each biosensor type, gold electrode of Clark type DO sensor was used for immobilization. The linear range, sensitivity and time stability of each biosensor type were investigated. Among the electrodes tested, type C biosensor was superior to the other types in terms of sensitivity, limit of detection (LOD), response time and operating stability. Biosensor response reached steady state within 3min and exhibited maximum activity at pH7. Furthermore, sample application and accuracy of the three types of sensors were also detected.

Keywords: Amperometric, Biosensors, Catechol, Enzyme immobilization, Gold electrode

[1]. J. Adamski, P. Nowak and J. Kochana, Simple sensor for determination of phenol and its derivatives in water based on enzyme tyrosinase. ElectrochimicaActa 55(7), 2010, 2363-2367.
[2]. J.A. Padilla-Sanchez , P. Plaza-Bolanos, R. Romero-Gonzalez, N. Barco-Bonilla, J.L. Martinez-Vidal and A. Garrido-Frenich, Simultaneous analysis of chlorophenols, alkylphenols, nitrophenols and cresols in wastewater effluents, using solid phase extraction and further determination by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, Talanta, 85(5), 2011, 2397-2404.

[3]. T. Tanigawa, Y. Watabe, T. Kubo and K. Hosoya, Determination of bisphenol A with effective pretreatment medium using automated column-switching HPLC with fluorescence detection, Journal of Separation Science, 34(20), 2011, 2840-2846.
[4]. T. Jing, H. Xia, J. Niu, Y. Zhou, Q. Dai, Q. Hao,Y. Zhou and S. Mei, Determination of trace 2,4-dinitrophenol in surface water samples based on hydrophilic molecularly imprinted polymers/nickel fiber electrode, Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 26(11), 2011, 4450-4456.
[5]. L. Vidal, A. Chisvert, A. Canals, E. Psillakis, A. Lapkin, F. Acosta, K.J. Edler, JA. Holdaway and F. Marken, Chemically surface-modified carbon nanoparticle carrier for phenolic pollutants: extraction and electrochemical determination of benzophenone-3 and triclosan, Analytica Chimica Act, 616(1), 2008, 28-35.

Abstract: The current research is an outcome of periodic physico- chemical observation and analysis of seasonal surface water samples collected from adjacent locations of ATPS, Chachai, (M.P.) India. The surface water quality typically subjects to geo-morphological and environmental conditions which are the key source to assess the alteration in physico chemical properties of water quality of the system and surroundings. In order of determine the Physico-Chemical Quality of Surface water considering the suitability for agriculture and domestic purposes. Hence 5 nos. of surface water samples from five identified locations were collected and analysed followed by summer, monsoon and winter seasons. Significant differences have been observed in the physico-chemical analysis of the collected surface water samples. The pH of the samples varied from 7.28 – 7.98 with conductivity 162-363 μs/cm. Total hardness noted from 102 -178 ppm, while Ca-hardness reported 58-110 ppm and Mg-hardness ranged from 34-72 ppm. Alkalinity of water samples were observed from 104-126 ppm. Total Dissolved Solid of collected water samples varied from 97-236 ppm while in fluctuation in chloride concentration observed in between 12-68 ppm. Adequate seasonal variations observed and reported 14 NTU (min) to 130 NTU (max). The seasonal changes also effected silica concentration of water sample with a range 5.8-76.5 ppm. After analysis of surface water sample, values of seasonal alternation compared against the prescribed limits of BIS-10500:2012.

Key Words: surface water, seasonal variation, Physico-chemical analysis, Assessment

[1]. Agarkar, S.V. and Thombre, B.S., Assesment of drinking water quality in schools of villages of buldhana district. Pollution Research 25(1): 2006, 161-162.
[2]. Bhatnagar, M.K., Singh, M., Bhatnagar, P. and Tripathi, A., Physico-chemical Analysis of some water samples in Rewa city (M.P.) India. Jr. Poll. Res. 31 (2): 2012, 83-85.
[3]. Kanse, D.G., Jadhav S.D., Jawale R.W. and Kadam, M.S., A study on some Physico-chemical characteristics of flowing water of major rivers in Pune city. Proceedings of ICCE., 2005, 582.
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[5]. Pandya, S.N. Rana, A. K. Bhol D.K. and Thakor, F.J., Asessment of Ground Water Quality of Rural Parts of Kapadwanj and its Impact on Human Health. Curr. World Environ., Vol. 8(1),2013, 153-156.

Abstract: Different experimental conditions that could affect the extraction of vanadium (V) were investigated. These include acid concentration, metal ion concentration, extractant concentration, temperature, mixing of extractants, extraction stages and addition of foreign ions. TOMAC was found to be more efficient at lower acid concentration (1M). Optimum extraction conditions were reached at 380C and the use of TOMAC proved to be synergistic with the addition 2.5% TOPO. The infrared and UV-visible spectra data were used to propose VO2H2PO4.nTOMAC as the stoichiometry for the organic extract.

Keywords: vanadium (V), extractant, phosphoric acid, solvent extraction, TOMAC

[1]. Jan Rydberg, Michael Cox, Claude Musikas and Gregory R. Choppin: "Solvent Extraction Principles and Practice" Marcel Dekker Inc. New York, 2nd edition, pp 4-6, 2005.
[2]. Khan, S; Kazi, T.G; Baig, J.A; Kolachi, N.F; Afridi, H.I; Wadhwa, S.K; Shah, A.Q; Kandhro, G.A. and Shah, F: "Cloud Point Extraction of Vanadium in Pharmaceutical Formulations, Dialysate and Parenteral Solutions Using 8-hydroxyquinoline and nonionic Surfactant". Journal of Hazardous Materials in Analytical Chemistry, Pakistan, vol 182 (1-3) pp 371-376, 2010.
[3]. Kurbatova, L.D. and Kurbatov, D.I: "Extraction Recovery of Vanadium (V) from Sulphuric Acid Solution". Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry vol 79 (5) pp 862-864, 2006.
[4]. Ojo, J.O: "Solvent Extraction of Vanadium (V) from Nitric Acid Solutions with di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid and tri-n-butyl phosphate". Malaysian Journal of Chemistry, 12 (1) pp 40-48, 2010.
[5]. Ojo, J.O: Solvent Extraction of Vanadium (V) from Nitric Acid Solutions with di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid and tri-n-butyl phosphate. Malaysian Journal of Chemistry, 12 (1) pp 40-48, 2010.

Abstract: Quantitative determination of five heavy metal ions viz., Cd, Pb, Cu ,Fe, Cr and Zn in the soil of banks along Musi River from Nagole to Parvathapur in Hyderabad have been carried out using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Calibrations were constructed for the six metals using standard solutions. The analysis showed that the concentrations of Pb and Cd are appreciably high where as Cu, Cr, Fe and Zn are too high compared to standard given by WHO. The concentrations however showed small variations from sample to sample and place to place in a collection of 20 samples in a length of 3 Km with a width of 1Km.

Keywords: Heavy metal ions, Analysis, Atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

[1]. Lokhande R.S and C.N. Sathe, Monitoring and assessment of heavy metal contents in the industrial effluents from Ambarnath MIDC area Maharashtra, Pollut.Res;20; 239-243 (2001).
[2]. Patel, K.P; R.R. pandya, G.L. Maliwal, K.C. Patel, V.P. Ramani and V. George., Heavy metal content of different effluents and their relative availability in soils irrigated with effluents waters around major industrial cities of Gujarat. J. Indian soc. Soil, sci;52; 89-94 (2004).
[3]. Kalpan.O, N.C. Yildirim, N. Yildirim and M. Comen, toxic elements in animal products and environmental health, Asian.J. Anim.vet.Adv. Kataria, H.C. Heavy metal water pollution of pipariya township of Madhya Pradesh.J.Fresh water bioi;7; 105-107(2010)
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Abstract: Groundnut shell was crushed in to particle size and given two surface treatments with alkali and 3-chloro-2-hydroxylpropyltrimethylammoniumchloride respectively. The raw, alkali-treated and bonding agent treated groundnut shell cellulose fibers were used as natural rubber composites. The samples were used to produce fiber-reinforced natural rubber composite at varying filler loadings. Properties such as tensile, hardness and impact of the composites were investigated. The tensile strength of the composites varied such that both the alkali-treated and cationized fillers recorded higher values than untreated fillers. The impact hardness properties were also found to be better in the modified fillers than the untreated ones. This work has shown some general improvements arising from cauticization and cationization of cellulosic filler as reinforcing material for natural rubber.

Key words: Cationization, Custicization, Ground nut shell, Natural rubber, Tensile properties

[1]. M. Z., Abduhamid N. A., Ibrahim and W. Z. Yunus, Effect of grafting on properties of oil palm empty fruit bunch Fiber-Reinforced Biocomposites. Journal of reinforced plastics and composites 29 (18), 2010, 2723-2731
[2]. P. A. Egwaikhide, An investigation on the potential of Palm Kernel Husk as fillers in rubber reinforcement. Middle-east Journal of Science research 2 (1), 2007, 28-32
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[4]. S. Kalia, L. Averurous, J. Njuguna, A. Dufresne, and B. M. Cherian, Natural Fibres Bio-and Nanocomposites. International Journal of Polymer Science doi:10.1155/2011/735932, 2011.
[5]. M. K.. Yakubu, S. M. Gumel and U. Ali, Physico-mechanical effects of surface-modified sorghum stalk powder on reinforced rubber. Journal of reinforced plastics and composites 29 (18), 2010, 2855-2867

Abstract: The iron and power plant industries consume significant amount of water during the power generation and finishing operations. In this operation a used water having high chemical oxygen demand contents and the waste water discharged in rivers or public sewage treatment plant. Their treatment has been a necessary aspect for human prosperity and ecological environment. This paper shows the detailed study of photo catalytic degradation of effluent carried out in the presence of an aqueous solution of CDS nano catalyst irradiated with UV light in a batch reactor. It was observe that photo catalytic degradation of effluent obey pseudo first order kinetics according to langum-uir Hinshelwood model. The influences of various factors in rate of reaction are, initial effluent concentration, catalyst concentration and UV light irradiation time on degradation efficiency were scientifically studied. The degradation of effluent was determined by Photo colorimeter and determines the COD degradation through transmittance of effluent.

Keywords: Photo catalytic degradation, CDS nano catalyst, COD, AOP's, Iron and power plant waste water

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