Volume-14 ~ Issue-6 ~ June 2021

Abstract: The study was carried out with the aim of encapsulating suitable and sustainable controlled release micro formulation of dichlorvos and diazinon; organophosphate pollutant used as a pesticide for agriculture in Nigeria with low cost adsorption of the insecticides; dichlorvos and diazinon matrix. The maximum absorbance of dichlorvos derivative and diazinon were measured at the wavelength of 401 nm and 265 nm respectively. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms fitted the adsorption data generated at pH 4.0, 7.0, 9.0 and 250C for the different surfaces. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm were used to model the adsorption process. Controlled release formulations (CRFs) were synthesized from sodium alginate-modified starch matrix and cross-linked with 0.25M CaCl2 solution. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and powder X-Ray diffractometry (PXRD), were used to characterize the CRFs.

Keywords: adsorption, starch, CRFs, dichlorvos and diazinon

[1]. Adriano, V.R., Marcos, R.G., Thais, A.M., Luiz, H.M.C., Edvani, C.M., Elias, B.T. (2008). Synthesis and characterization of a starch-modified hydrogel as potential carrier for drug delivery system. Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer chemistry. Volume 46, Issue 7, 1 April 2008, Pages 2567 – 2574.
[2]. APVMA, (2008): Australian pesticide and veterinary medicine authority (2005) Dichlorvos Environmental assessment APVMA P.O Box, E240 Kingston Act 2604 Australia pg 1-71.
[3]. Binh, Q.A., Tungtakanpoung, D. and Kajitvichyanukul, P. (2019): Similarities and differences in adsorption mechanism of dichlorvos and pymetrozine insecticides with coconut fiberbiowaste sorbent, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B.
[4]. Campos, E.V., de Oliveira, J. L., and Fraceto, L. F. (2014). Applications of controlled release systems for fungicides, herbicides, acaricides, nutrients, and plant growth hormones: a review. Adv. Sci. Eng. Med. 6: 373–387.
[5]. Dipak, K. H. (2015). Recent Advancement in Pesticide Formulations for User and Environment Friendly Pest Management for users and environmental friendly pest management.International Journal of Research and Review. Pp 35-40.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to give a basic introduction to stereoisomerism and chirality. In this paper I discuss about the mechanisms involved behind their formation and their types. Chiral compounds play an important role in daily organic working. Homochirality, a controversial topic, is also discussed by showcasing its unconventional occurrence and results from a computer stimulated study by Chen Y, Ma W. Types of stereoisomers and how they occur in nature has also been discussed. This review will give you a basic idea about the opticality involved inorganic compounds specifically stereoisomers and its subsidiaries

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Abstract: Lycium ruthenicum Murr. (Solanaceae family), a flowering plant commonly known as "Black Goji" is generally consumed as ethnic medicine and nutraceutical food. This study was carried out in order to ascertain the quality control bases for this herbal medicine via chemical compounds isolation and identification to confirm its traditional used. The dried fruits of L. ruthenicum were extracted with water, 60% ethanol and 95% ethanol. Column chromatography of this extract was followed by purification of different fractions, leading to the isolation of eight known compounds namely four phenolic acids (Caffeic acid (1), cis-p-coumaric acid (2), Gallic acid (3), trans-p-coumaric....

Keywords: Lycium ruthenicum, Solanaceae, flavonoids, phenolics.

[1]. Hong, Y.-C., The Age of Chronic and Late Chronic Diseases: A New View of Diseases. The Changing Era of Diseases, 2019: p. 35-68.
[2]. Ekor, M., The growing use of herbal medicines: issues relating to adverse reactions and challenges in monitoring safety. Frontiers in pharmacology, 2014. 4: p. 177-177.
[3]. Liu, Z., et al., Variation of anthocyanin content in fruits of wild and cultivated Lycium ruthenicum. Industrial Crops and Products, 2020. 146: p. 112208.
[4]. Zheng, J., et al., Anthocyanins composition and antioxidant activity of wild Lycium ruthenicum Murr. from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Food Chemistry, 2011. 126(3): p. 859-865.
[5]. Liu, Z., et al., Phytochemical profiles, nutritional constituents and antioxidant activity of black wolfberry (Lycium ruthenicum Murr.). Industrial Crops and Products, 2020. 154: p. 112692

Abstract: Background: A simple, specific, linear, precise and accurate reverse phase liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of Atorvastatin calcium and Fenofibrate in tablet dosage forms. The chromatographic separation was performed using Hypersil BDS C8 Column (125 mm x 4.0 mm, 5 μm particle size). Mobile phase composed of buffer and acetonitrile (40:60 v/v) was selected and a flow rate of 1.6 ml/minute is monitored with injection volume of 20 μl. Detection was carried out at 276 nm. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The retention time for Atorvastatin and Fenofibrate are observed as 1.43 and 4.37 minutes respectively. Linearity range was observed in concentration of 4.8 – 14.3 μg/ml for Atorvastatin and 81.9 – 245.8 μg/ml for Fenofibrate. The percentage recoveries of Atorvastatin and Fenofibrate are 99% and 99% respectively. The correlation......

Key Word: Atorvastatin, Fenofibrate, RP-HPLC, Validation

[1] Available from: http://www.wikipedia.org/Atorvastatin
[2] Mudraboina Johnny Krishna, B. Naga Sandhya, 3Sanayaima Huidrom, M.Akiful Haque, Vasudha Bakshi, "Development And Validation Of Standard Addition UV Spectrophotometric Method For Simultaneous Estimation Of Atorvastatin And Fenofibrate In Bulk And Pharmaceutical Dosage Form", International Journal of Innovative Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 2 (11), 2014
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[5] Saroj Kumar Raul, Atna Bhaskar Aravelli, Durgasi Jhansi, "RP-HPLC Method Development And Validation For The Simultaneous Estimation Of Atorvastatin And Ezetimibe In Pharmaceutical Dosage Form", Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, Vol 8, issue 2, 2015.

Abstract:The term organochlorine refers to a wide range of chemicals that contain carbon, chlorine and sometimes, several other elements organochlorine were the first synthetic organic pesticides to be used in public health and in agriculture. A range of organochlorine compounds (OCPs) have been pronounced including many herbicides, insecticides, fungicides as well as industrial chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and Dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT).
Organochlorine compounds are potential endocrine disrupting compounds, which means that, they might interfere with the endocrine systems of animals including human beings. Chemicals which interfered with the endocrine system, disrupt the hormone.....

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[3]. Erhunwunse N. O., Divisu A, and Olumokoro, J. O. (2012). Implications of pesticide usage in Nigeria. Tropical freshwater Biology, 21 (1), 15-25.
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[5]. Baba, A. A. (2008). Dangers of unsound management of obsolete pesticides in Nigeria. A paper presented at Nigeria-Africa stocpites program steering committee (Nigeria-ASP)

Abstract:Heterocyclic ring containing chalcones were regarded as useful scaffolds in organic synthesis for the construction of biologically potent molecules. Apart from their synthetic utility, these chalcones themselves possess enormous amount biological applications, and also physicochemical properties. The structural modification, introduction of different substituents in the synthesized compounds proved to be dynamic strategies for enhanced biological profiles of the drugs. In this context, we have attempted to summarize the recent developments in the field of heteroaryl chalcones in recent years together in this review article. The emphasis was given for the synthetic protocols, the exploration of these chalcones to medicinally potent molecules, and biological activity potencies were critically discussed in depth. The discussion made on the physico-chemical properties, particularly of photosensing and NLO properties would be beneficial to those who are undertaken research in this area..

Key Word: Annulation, antimicrobial, anticancer, medicinal, photosensing, optical, synthetic

[1]. Atukuri D, Vijayalaxmi S, Sanjeevamurthy R, Vidya L, Prasannakumar R and Raghavendra MM: Identification of quinoline-chalcones and heterocyclic chalcone-appended quinolines as broad-spectrum pharmacological agents. Bioorg Chem. 2020; 105: 104419.
[2]. Ajay Kumar K andRenuka N:Thienyl chalcones: Small molecules that play pivotal roles, Int. J. Curr. Res. 2021: 13(02); 16067-16074.
[3]. Basappa VC, Ramaiah S, Penubolu S, Kariyappa AK: Recent developments on the synthetic and biological applications of chalcones-A Review, Biointerface Res. App. Chem. 2022: 12(1); 180-195.
[4]. Coskun D, Erkisa M, Ulukaya E, Coskun MF and Ari F: Novel 1-(7-ethoxy-1-benzofuran-2-yl) substituted chalcone derivatives: Synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2017 136; 212-222.
[5]. Kumara K, Naveen S, Prabhudeva MG, Ajay Kumar K, Lokanath NK and Warad I: (E)-1-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)-3-(p-tolyl)prop-2-en-1-one.IUCrData, 2017: 2; x170038

Abstract: Essential oils are a composite mixture of volatile compounds present in a very low concentration in plants. A variety of methods have been invented for extracting these oils from plants such as cc8 including distillation, steam distillation, solvent extraction; However, these methods have their own advantages as well as limitations. In order to overcome the disadvantages and limitations, recently, some new methods which are more efficient have been developed such as supercritical fluid extraction, Microwave Assisted extraction and ultrasounds. Such methods not only enhance the yield but also reduce extraction time. Thus, such methods improve quality of oil. This essay covers the recent trend of extracting the essential oils from plants using various methods

Key Word: Microwave, Steam, Distillation

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[2]. V. Rao; D. Pandey; A. Sahoo; The Beginnings of Modern Aromatherapy; Extraction Of Essential Oil And Its Applications; Issue 8; 2006-2007.
[3]. N.A.Borhan; N.M. Nor; A. Ruskam; I. Al-Baitar; Ibn Al-Baitar: The Pioneer of Botanist and Pharmacist; Issue 3; 2014.
[4]. K. Ingle; A.Deshmukh; D. Padole; M.Dudhare; M. Moharil; V. Khelurkar; Phytochemicals: Extraction methods, identification and detection of bioactive compounds from plant extracts; Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry; 2017.
[5]. V. Rao; D. Pandey; A. Sahoo; The Beginnings of Modern Aromatherapy; Extraction Of Essential Oil And Its Applications; Issue 8; 2006-2007.

Abstract: Background: Trypsin inhibitor (TI) is an enzyme that can be used to treat colorectal cancer because it inhibits the activity of trypsin enzymes that generate NF-KB signaling and MMPs, which promote colorectal cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Materials and Methods: The data was gathered using Google Scholar, Science Direct, MDPI, and PubMed search engines, as well as data from various published studies on trypsin inhibitors and colorectal cancer. Results: Trypsin inhibitor......

Key Word: Bowman-birk Inhibitor, Colorectal Cancer, Trypsin Enzyme Inhibitor

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