Volume-11 ~ Issue-7 ~ July-2018

Abstract:N-ethyl-3-methyl indole was synthesized by treating ethyl iodide with 3-methyl indole in presence of sodium hydride in the solvent medium of DMF. N-ethyl-3-bromomethyl indole was prepared by reacting Nethyl- 3-methyl indole with N-bromosuccinimide and benzoyl peroxide in the solvent medium of benzene. Nethyl- 3-(N,N-diethanolamino methyl) indole was synthesized by treating N-ethyl-3-bromomethyl indole with diethanolamine in presence of potassium Carbonate and trace amount of 18-crown-6 in the solvent medium of DMSO. Polyester was synthesized by treating N-ethyl-3-(N,N-diethanol amino methyl) indole with diacid chloride monomer, 6FBC at 700c in the solvent medium of 1,2-dichloroethane.Polyurethane was synthesized by reacting the monomer, N-ethyl-3-(N,N-diethanolaminomethyl) indole with TDI in the solvent medium of toluene. All the monomer and polymers was characterized by IR, UV and NMR spectroscopy.

Keywords: N-ethyl-3-methyl indole, N-ethyl -3-bromomethyl indole, N-ethyl-3-(N,N-diethanol amino methyl)indole , Polyester , Polyurethane, Polymerization.

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Abstract: Eco friendly methods of green mediated synthesis of nanoparticles are the present research in the limb of nanotechnology. The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles are done using dried leaves extract of Aegle marmelos L by reacting these samples with 1mM concentration of silver nitrate. Characterization are done using UV Spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, EDAX and FTIR are carried out for synthesized nanoparticles using plant sources. UV, XRD, SEM, EDAX and FTIR confirms the formation, crystal structure, size, elemental silver formation and functional group responsible for the capping and stabilization of nanoparticles. Aegle marmelos L plant source have good capabilities for synthesize silver nano particles by biological route..

Keywords: Green synthesis, Nanoparticles, A.marmelos

[1]. Navaladian, S., Viswanathan, B., Viswanath, R.P. and Varadarajan, T.K. ''Thermal decomposition as route for silver nanoparticles'', Nanoscale. Res. Lett., 2, pp. 44–48 (2007).
[2]. Starowicz, M., Stypula, B. and Banas, J. ''Electrochemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles'', Electrochem. Commun., 8(2), pp. 227–230 (2006).
[3]. Sreeram, K.S., Nidin, M. and Nair, B.U. ''Microwave assisted template synthesis of silver nanoparticles'', Bull. Mater. Sci., 31(7), pp. 937–942 (2008).

[4]. Begum, N.A., Mondal, S., Basu, S., Laskar, R.A. and Mandal, D. ''Biogenic synthesis of Au and Ag nanoparticles using aqueous solutions of black tea leaf extracts'', Colloids Surf. B, 71(1), pp. 113–118 (2009).
[5]. Kannan N, Mukunthan KS, Balaji S .Colloids and Surfaces B:Biointerfaces 2011; 86: 378-383.

Abstract: Adsorption and desorption of Pb(II) on two natural minerals (natural calcite and eggshell) were studied. The ability of the natural materials in removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions had been examined in a batch adsorption process with respect to several experimental conditions including initial solution pH, contact time, initial metal ion concentration, temperature and adsorbent concentration. The absorption isotherms showed that the adsorption capacity of substrates varied as follows: natural calcite>eggshell. Desorption kinetics show a complete hysteresis testify to the irreversibility of the bonds formed between Pb and the substrates. Thus, the uptake of lead was reproduced by a cation exchange model and by a surface complexation model for the mineral-aqueous solution interface............

Keywords: Eggshell; lead; natural calcite; sorption-desorption; thermodynamic.

[1]. AhalyaN., Ramachandra T.V. & KanamadiR.D. 2003 Biosorption of heavy metals. Research Journal of Chemical and Environmental7, 71–78.
[2]. Ahmad M.F., Haydar S., Bhatti A.A. & BariaA.J. 2014 Application of artificial neural network for the prediction of biosorption capacity of immobilized Bacillus subtilis for the removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solution. Biochemical Engineering Journal 84, 83–90. [3]. AhmedS., ChughtaiS. & KeaneM.A. 1998The removal of cadmium and lead from aqueous solution by ion exchange with Na-Y zeolite. Separation Purification Technology 13, 57–64.
[4]. Ahmed M.H., Rodriguez-Navarro A.B., Vidal M.L., Gautron J., García-Ruiz J.M. & Nys, Y. 2005Changes in eggshell mechanical properties, crystallographic texture and in matrix proteins induced by moult in hens. British Poultry Science46, 268–279.
[5]. AlbadarinA.B., Mangwandi C., Al-MuhtasebA.H., Walker G.M., Allen S.J. & Ahmad M.N.M. 2012 Kinetic and thermodynamics of chromium ions adsorption onto low-cost dolomite adsorbent. Chemical Engineering Journal179, 193–202.

Abstract: Surface plasmon resonance technique has been highly employed in determination of the sizes of metallic nanoparticles (NPs). Generally, NP size has been viewed as a function of SPR wavelength value only, with every value of this wavelength being associated with one particular size. In this paper, gold NPs (AuNPs) prepared through the citrate reduction method with a variation in the amount of citrate used on gold (III) chloride precursor was studied. Using UV-Vis spectra analysis of the synthesized NPs in colloidal form, SPR absorption band with a wavelength ranging from 518 to 520 nm was detected. At 518 and 519 nm peaks, the recorded average NP size was 12 nm while 520 nm coincided with NPs of diameters 11 and 13 nm. This indicated that small and large AuNPs within the plasmonic size can present similar high resonance. We attribute this observation to the atomic interactions within the NPs solution hence the availability of the high density of the surface (resonance) electrons from the NPs surface atoms..

Keywords: Gold NPs, Citrate reduction, Surface plasmon resonance, UV-Vis spectroscopy

[1]. Barberio, M., Antici, P., 2017. In situ study of nucleation and aggregation phases for nanoparticles grown by laser-driven methods. Sci. Rep. 7, 41372. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep41372

[2]. Long, N.N., Vu, L.V., Kiem, C.D., Doanh, S.C., Nguyet, C.T., Hang, P.T., Thien, N.D., Quynh, L.M., 2009. Synthesis and optical properties of colloidal gold nanoparticles. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 187, 012026. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/187/1/012026

[3]. He, X., Lu, H., 2014. Graphene-supported tunable extraordinary transmission. Nanotechnology 25, 325201. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/25/32/325201

[4]. Mie, G., 1908. Beiträge zur Optik trüber Medien, speziell kolloidaler Metallösungen. Ann. Phys. 330, 377–445. https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.19083300302

[5]. Amendola, V., Meneghetti, M., 2009. Size Evaluation of Gold Nanoparticles by UV−vis Spectroscopy. J. Phys. Chem. C 113, 4277–4285. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp8082425.

Abstract: SEDDS are mixtures of oil, surfactant and co-surfactant which are emulsified in aqueous media under conditions of mild agitation and digestive motility that are encountered in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The aim of this study was to develop a novel formulation of SEDDs using simvastatin which is a poorly water soluble drug. The study was conducted by preparing SEDDS with moringa oleifera, tween 80 (surfactant), egg yolk (surfactant) and polyethylene glycol (co-surfactant). After screening of various vehicles (oil, surfactant and co-surfactant) based on better drug solubilising power, liquid SEDDS were formulated. Prepared formulation were characterized on the basis of self emulsification ability, emulsification time, phase separation, spontaneity of formation, viscosity. Among the 8 formulations...........

Keywords: characterization,formulation,Quail egg yolk,SEDDS,simvastatin

[1]. Burcham D.L, Maurin M.B, Hausner E.A, Huang S.M. Improved Oral Bioavailability of the Hypocholesterolemic DMP 565 in Dogs following Oral Dosing in Oil and Glycol Solutions. Biopharm Drug Dispos;18 (1997) :737
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[3]. Sha, N.H., Carvajal, M.T., Patel, C.I., Infeld, M.H. Self emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) with polyglycolised glycerides for improving in vitro dissolution and oral absorption of lipophilic drugs. Int J Pharm. 106: (1994). 15-23.
[4]. Cho, W., Kim, M.S., Kim, J.S., Park, J., Park, H.J., Cha, K.H. Optimised formulation of solid self microemulsifying sirolimus delivery systems. Int J Nanomedicine; 8: (2013). 1673-82
[5]. Patel, A. Preparation and In Vivo Evaluation of SMEDDS (Self) Microemulsifying Drug Delivery system) Containing Finofibrate. AAPSJ; (2007). 344-52..

Abstract: The oil from the seeds of Ricinodendron heudelotii (Njangsa) was extracted with n-hexane in soxhlet extractor and was analyzed. The percentage oil yield of the seeds was 52%. The oil quality parameters of the seed were; iodine value; 165.8g/100g oil, peroxide value; 7.2meq/kg, density; 0.91g/m3, acid value; 0.39, saponification value; 189.3mg/g of KOH, pH value; 6.7, moisture content; 6.0, drying time; 48 hours under ambient temperature and 8 hours in an oven. Ultraviolet analysis was carried out at 210nm-665nm and FTIR analysis was carried out at 1050cm-1 – 4329.7cm-1 for fresh and dried oil and the results showed that the C=C double bonds were converted to peroxy groups. It was concluded that the Ricinodendron heulodelotii seed oil could be a good binder for making (formulation) of oil paints for surface coating..

Keywords: FTIR, Oil extraction, Paint, Ricinodendron heudelotii

[1]. Abayeh, O.J., Aina, E.A. and Okounghae, C.O. (1998). Oil Content and Oil Quality Characteristics of Some Nigerian Oils Seeds. Science Forum: Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 1(1):17– 23.
[2]. Abitogun, O; Alademeyin O and Oloye D.A. (2008). Extraction and Characterization of Castor Seed Oil. The Internet Journal of Nutrition and Wellness, 8(2):1-5.
[3]. Akintayo, C.O (2004). Synthesis and Characterization of Albiziabenth Medium oil Modification of Alkyd Resin and its Chemical Modified Derivatives. PhD thesis. University of Ibadan, Ibadan Nigeria. unpublished.
[4]. Arinola Stephen Olanrewasu and Eunice Ogunbusola Moriyike (2013). Effect of Packaging Material o the Storage Stability of Selected Cucurbits Oil. American Journal of Food and Nutrition, 1(3):34-37.
[5]. Berezi, E.P, Soroh, A.and Mark-Manuel D. (2012). Effect of Processing Methods on the Anti-nutritional Factors (ANF) in to Cultivars of Fresh Cocoyam (Colocaesia esculenta and xanthosaniasangittifolium) Leaves. Journal of the Chemical Society of Nigeria, 37:30-32.

Abstract: Lake Water is a source of drinking and domestic use for rural and urban population of India. The once bountiful Bellandur Lake has gradually transformed into a sewage tank. Bellandur Lake is one of the largest lakes in the Bangalore city. Bellandur Lake flows to Varthur Lake. The physico chemical parameters of Bellandur Lake and Varthur Lake were done in the month of March 2018 to assess the impact of urbanization. Bellandur Lake caught fire in May 2015 and again on February 16, 2018, this made authors curious to study its physicochemical parameters with an objective to assess the quality of water and intended to know the Impact of urbanization on the lake. The various physicochemical parameters of the lake were determined and discussed. The dissolved oxygen of Bellandur Lake water is 4mg/L. The COD of Bellandur Lake was found to be 176mg/L. This indicates that lakes are heavily polluted and they are becoming ecologically inactive.

Keywords: COD, DO, Bellandur Lake, physicochemical parameters

[1]. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/Dirty-foam-bubbles-out-of-Varthur-Lake/articleshow/47091168.cms
[2]. Ramesh N. & Krishnaiah s 2014, Water quality assessment of Bellandur lake in Bangalore City, Karnataka, India" IJERT, 2014, 3(3), 270-274.
[3]. Indian standard drinking water specification revision 1 UDC. 628.1.033.
[4]. Qureshimatva UM, Maurya RR, Gamit SB, Patel RD, Solanki HA, Determination of Physico-Chemical Parameters and Water Quality Index (Wqi) of Chandlodia Lake, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. J Environ Anal Toxicol 2015, 5: 288. doi:10.4172/2161-0525.1000288
[5]. R. Lodh et.al , Physicochemical studies of water quality with special reference to ancient lakes of Udaipur city, Tripura, India, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2014, 4(6) 5-9.

Abstract: The kinetics of oxidative decolorization of p-methoxyazobenzene (PMAB) by chloramine-T (CAT) and bromamine-T (BAT) in HClO4 medium has been investigated spectrophotometrically (λmax = 347 nm) at 298 K. Kinetic runs were performed under pseudo first-order conditions of [oxidant]o >> [PMAB]o. The reactions show first-order dependence on [oxidant]o and [PMAB] and a fractional-order dependence on [HClO4]. Stoichiometry of the reaction was found to be 1:1 and the oxidation products were identified. The reaction was studied at different temperatures and various activation parameters have been computed. Effects of p-toluenesulfonamide, halide ions, ionic strength and dielectric constant of the medium have been investigated. Reaction mixture fails to induce polymerization of acrylonitrile. Plausible mechanism and related rate law have been deliberated for the observed kinetics..

Keywords: Decolorization, p-methoxyazobenzene, oxidation-kinetics, chloramine-T, bromamine-T, acid medium

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Abstract: [BMIM][BF4] was used as an efficient ionic liquid for the synthesis of thiophene isoxazolines through the cyclocondensation of α,β-unsaturated thiophene ketones with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in ionic liquid/water/acetic acid biphasic system at 80oC temperature. The methodology puts forward several rewards such as exceptional yields, easy method and mild conditions..

Keywords: Thiophene isoxazolines, [BMIM][BF4], biphasic system, α,β-unsaturated thiophene ketones

[1]. Giovannoni, M. P.; Vergelli, C.; Ghelardini, C.; Galeotti, N.; Bartolini, A.; DalPiaz, V. [(3-Chlorophenyl) piperazinylpropyl]pyridazinones and Analogues as Potent Antinociceptive Agents. J. Med. Chem., 2003, 46, 1055-1059.
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Abstract: Nickel titanate (NiTiO₃) nanoparticles have been synthesized by co-precipitation method. Polyaniline synthesized by the oxidation of aniline in presence of ammonium persulphate Polyaniline-nickel titanate nanocomposites synthesized by embedding different weight percentage of nickel titanate. XRD analysis was used to study the structure and estimate the size of the particles. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphology of composite materials..

Keywords: Polyaniline, nickel titanate, co-precipitation , PANI-NT nanocomposites

[1]. M.A. GADYAL and K.S. VENKATESH, Synthesis of Polyaniline-Graphite Nano-Composites Material Science Research India Vol. 12(2), 108-111 (2015)
[2]. Z. Guo, S.-E. Lee, H. Kim et al., "Fabrication, characterization and microwave properties of polyurethane nanocomposites reinforced with iron oxide and nickel titanate nanoparticles," Acta Materialia, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 267–277, 2009.
[3]. Lujun Yu, Yaofeng Zhu, Chen Qian, Qiang Fu, Yongzhen Zhao, and Yaqin Fu Nanostructured Nickel Titanate/Carbon NanotubesnIncorporated Polyaniline as Synergistic Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers, Journal of Nanomaterials, Volume 2016,1-6,2016
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Abstract: The increased awareness of the effects of the use of harmful raw materials and their associated toxicity to the environment and humans have necessitated the current drive for the development of environmentally-friendly and cost-effective raw materials. The reported depletion of the fossil fuel reserves of nations and the impending economic impact has also shifted the focus of industrialisednations to the use of renewable raw materials. Carbohydrate polymers, like cellulose and starch, provide unique opportunity to explore raw material from renewable sources that pose norisk to the environment because they are products ofnatural processes such as plant metabolisms. These materials have shown unique properties and compared favourably with raw materials from other sources in even high technology applications. This reviewexaminednovel applications of carbohydrate polymers in industrial processes like adsorption, corrosion inhibition, catalysis, drug delivery systems and fuel cells.

Keywords: Renewable raw materials, Carbohydrate polymers, adsorption, catalysis, drug delivery systems, fuel cells.

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Abstract: Lycopene is a pigment that causes red color in tomatoes. This research successfully isolated lycopene by using chloroform solvent followed by antisolvent crystallization. The samples used were ripe tomato juice. Lycopene extract was obtained through extraction method at 65ºC. Crystallization was performed by addition of methanol as antisolvent in lycopene extract under supersaturated conditions. From result of research by using chloroform solvent, the total lycopene content is 4.87 mg / 100 g. The functional group analysis using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy detected C = C group at wavelength 1648,47 cm-1, CH2 group was detected at 1463,03 cm-1, R-CH = CH-R detected at a wavelength of 959.24 cm-1. While the C-C and C-CH groups were detected at wavelengths of 1170.95 cm-1 and 1378.08 cm-1...

Keywords: Isolation, Lycopene, Lycopersicum esculentum

[1]. Tadmor,Y et al. 2005 .Comparative Fruit Colouration in Watermelon and Tomato. J.Food Research International..38: 837–841.

[2]. V.Selvan Kalai, Vijayakumar, K.Suresh Kumar, Gyanedra dan Nath Singh, Lycopene's Effects on Health and Diseases, A Comprehensive Review Of Literature, 3 (3), 2011.

[3]. Aghel, N., Ramezani Z dan Amir Fakhrian S. 2011 "Isolation and Quantification of Lycopene From Tomato Cultivater in Dezfoul, Iran", Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products, 6(1), 9-15.

[4]. Myong Roh, Kyun, Min Hee Jeon, Jin Nam Moon, Woi Sook Moon, Sun Mee Park dan Jae Suk Choi, A Simple Method For The Isolation of Lycopene from Lycopersicon Esculentum, Botanical Sciences, 91 (2), 187-192, 2013

[5]. Preedy, V.R. and Ronald, R.W. 2008. Lycopene: Nutritional, Medicinal and Therapeutic Properties. USA : Science Publishers, Enfield, NH. 2003)..