iosr-JRME   Volume-16 ~ Issue-4 ~ Jul. – Aug. 2026

Abstract: Background: This study examined the influence of professional development programmes on early childhood education teachers' classroom practices in Yaba Local Council Development Area of Lagos State. The study was motivated by the increasing need to improve the quality of early childhood education through effective teacher competence, instructional delivery, classroom management, and utilisation of instructional materials. Materials and Methods: A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population comprised all Early Childhood Education teachers in public and private nursery....

Keywords: Professional Development Programmes, Classroom Practices, Instructional Delivery, Classroom Management, Instructional Materials

[1]. Aina, A. Y., & Bipath, K. (2020). Teacher Professional Development And Classroom Effectiveness In Nigerian Schools. African Journal Of Educational Studies, 15(2), 44–58.
[2]. Avalos, B. (2011). Teacher Professional Development In Teaching And Teacher Education Over Ten Years. Teaching And Teacher Education, 27(1), 10–20.
[3]. Bredekamp, S., & Copple, C. (2020). Developmentally Appropriate Practice In Early Childhood Programs Serving Children From Birth Through Age 8 (4th Ed.). National Association For The Education Of Young Children.
[4]. Darling-Hammond, L., Hyler, M. E., & Gardner, M. (2017). Effective Teacher Professional Development. Learning Policy Institute.
[5]. Darling-Hammond, L., Hyler, M. E., & Gardner, M. (2017). Effective Teacher Professional Development. Palo Alto, CA: Learning Policy Institute.

Abstract: This paper focused on equity and access in mobile learning: assessing the impact of mobile platforms on educational inclusion in rural Nigerian schools. Five research questions and three hypotheses guided the study. Through multistage sampling, I5 Local Government Areas from the 5 five states that made up the zone, were selected. Through randomization, a sample of 300 students and 60 teachers were selected. The study adopted a mixed-method research design, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. The instruments for data collection comprised of a 20-item questionnaire tagged 'Questionnaire on Equity and Access......

Keywords: Mobile Learning, Educational Equity, Access to Education, Rural Schools, Nigeria.

[1]. Achuonye, K. A. (2004). Comparative Education In Africa And Beyond. Port Harcourt, Pearl Publishers.
[2]. Achuonye, K. A., Ushie, B. C., & Williams, A. C. (2026). "Barriers And Enablers To The Implementation Of Mobile Learning Platforms In Rural Nigerian Education Systems" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 9:9, 1149-1157
Https://Doi.Org/10.64388/IREV9I9-1715156
[3]. Achuonye, K. A. , Williams, A. C. & Longjohn, I. T. (2026). Teachers Awareness And Perception On The Effect Of Mobile Learning Platform In Literacy And Numeracy Instructions In Nigeria. International Journal Of Advances In Engineering And Management (IJAEMI) 8(5),151-169. DOI: 10.35629/5252-0805151169 Www.Ijaem.Net
[4]. Agarana, O. (2017). Influence Of Parental Socioeconomic Status On Student's Academic Performance Among Secondary Schools In Taraba State, Nigeria. Journal Of Social And Management Sciences, 3 (3): 239-255.
[5]. Agbo, S. I. (2023). Relationship Between Principals' Leadership Styles And Students' Academic Performance In Senior Secondary Schools In Niger State, Nigeria. Unpublished M.Phil Dissertation Submitted Department Of Educational Foundations, Faculty Of Education And Extension Services, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto

Abstract: This study investigates the effectiveness of the Collaborative Contextual Constructivist Entrepreneurship Learning (C3EL) model in enhancing students' critical thinking skills within digital-based entrepreneurship education. Using a multivariate regression approach, the research tested three dimensions collaborative, contextual, and constructivist on a sample of higher education students. Classical assumption tests confirmed that the data met normality, linearity, homoscedasticity, multicollinearity, and autocorrelation requirements, validating the regression model.....

Keywords: C3EL model, Digital learning, Critical thinking. Entrepreneurship

[1] Anderson, T. (2020). Theories For Online Learning. Athabasca University Press.
[2] Bond, M., Bedenlier, S., Marín, V. I., & Händel, M. (2020). Emergency Remote Teaching In Higher Education: A Systematic Review. Education Sciences, 10(9), 252.
[3] Bell, S. (2019). Project-Based Learning For The 21st Century: Skills For The Future. The Clearing House, 83(2), 39–43.
[4] Facione, P. A. (2020). Critical Thinking: What It Is And Why It Counts. Insight Assessment.
[5] Jonassen, D. H. (2018). Learning To Solve Problems: A Handbook For Designing Problem-Solving Learning Environments. Routledge.

Abstract: Background: The expansion of virtual learning environments has intensified debates about how students interact, collaborate, exercise autonomy, and construct knowledge in digital networks. In this context, connectivism has been revisited as a theoretical perspective capable of explaining learning as a distributed, relational, and networked process, while collaborative learning has gained prominence as a pedagogical approach centered on interaction, shared responsibility, and collective knowledge production........

Keywords: Connectivism; Collaborative learning; Virtual learning environments; Student autonomy; Knowledge construction.

[1]. Siemens G. Connectivism: A Learning Theory For The Digital Age. International Journal Of Instructional Technology And Distance Learning. 2005;2(1).
[2]. Downes S. Recent Work In Connectivism. European Journal Of Open, Distance And E-Learning. 2020;22(2):113-132.
Doi:10.2478/Eurodl-2019-0014.
[3]. Corbett F, Spinello E. Connectivism And Leadership: Harnessing A Learning Theory For The Digital Age To Redefine Leadership In The Twenty-First Century. Heliyon. 2020;6:E03250. Doi:10.1016/J.Heliyon.2020.E03250.
[4]. Peter JA, Ogunlade OO. Connectivism Theory In Education And Its Applications To Curriculum And Instruction. ASEAN Journal Of Educational Research And Technology. 2024;3(3):215-222.
[5]. Herrera-Pavo MA. Collaborative Learning For Virtual Higher Education. Learning, Culture And Social Interaction. 2021; 28: 100437. Doi:10.1016/J.Lcsi.2020.100437.

Abstract: Background: Classifying learners is foundational for curriculum design, pedagogy, assessment and learner support, yet many learner labels are limited to age or grade and insufficiently connected to learner agency, support needs and evidence of learning. Materials and Methods: This conceptual article used theory synthesis and model-building to integrate developmental, sociocultural, constructivist, experiential, self-regulated, competency-based, inclusive and higher education literature with selected policy frameworks on education levels, lifelong learning, digital education and learner agency....

Keywords: learner classification; learning independence continuum; learner agency; competency-based education; TVET; self-regulated learning; postgraduate education; universal design for learning.

[1]. Biggs, J., & Tang, C. (2011). Teaching For Quality Learning At University (4th Ed.). Open University Press.
[2]. Billett, S. (2011). Vocational Education: Purposes, Traditions And Prospects. Springer.
[3]. Bruner, J. S. (1960). The Process Of Education. Harvard University Press.
[4]. Calero López, I., & Rodríguez-López, B. (2020). The Relevance Of Transversal Competences In Vocational Education And Training: A Bibliometric Analysis. Empirical Research In Vocational Education And Training, 12, Article 12. Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S40461-020-00100-0
[5]. CAST. (2024). Universal Design For Learning Guidelines Version 3.0. Https://Udlguidelines.Cast.Org/

Abstract: Background: Religious pilgrimages constitute one of the most significant expressions of Christian faith, encompassing spiritual, cultural, historical, and social dimensions. In Brazil, the city of Aparecida stands out as the country's foremost destination for religious tourism, attracting thousands of devotees who travel along diverse routes motivated by religious devotion, the fulfillment of vows, the search for blessings, and the strengthening of their spirituality. Within this context, the Faith Trail (Caminho da Fé) has emerged as a prominent pilgrimage route, offering pilgrims an experience that transcends mere physical displacement and becomes a journey of personal and spiritual transformation.......

Keywords: Faith Trail; Religious Pilgrimage; Spirituality; Aparecida.

[1]. Bogdan, R., & Taylor, S. (1975). Introduction To Qualitative Research Methods. Wiley.
[2]. Brustoloni, J. (1998). History Of Our Lady Of Aparecida: The Image, The Shrine, And The Pilgrimages (10th Ed.). Santuário.
[3]. Fachin, O. (2001). Fundamentals Of Methodology (3rd Ed.). Saraiva.
[4]. Brazilian Institute Of Geography And Statistics. (2020). Overview: Canindé. Https://Cidades.Ibge.Gov.Br/Brasil/Ce/Caninde/Panorama
[5]. Jurkevics, V. I. (2005). Religious Festivals: The Materiality Of Faith. History: Questions & Debates, (43), 73–86.

Abstract: This paper examines the application of project-based learning in teaching 10th-grade Geography at high schools, aligned with the 2018 General Education Program. Based on a theoretical analysis of project-based learning and an evaluation of 10th-grade Geography textbook content, the study establishes foundational principles tailored to the discipline's characteristics. Consequently, the paper proposes a three-step framework for implementing project-based learning in thematic modules: Formulating proposals and planning; executing the project; and synthesizing, reporting, and evaluating outcomes.......

Keywords: Project-based learning, 10th-grade Geography, High school, teaching methods, communication and collaboration competencies.

[1]. Ministry Of Education And Training (2018), General Education Program. Geography. (Issued Under Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDĐT Dated December 26, 2018 By The Minister Of The Ministry Of Education And Training. Hanoi.
[2]. Ministry Of Education And Training - Vietnam - Belgium Project (2010), Active Teaching And Learning. Several Teaching Methods And Techniques - Pedagogical University Publishing House. Hanoi.
[3]. Nguyen Lang Binh, Active Teaching And Learning. Several Teaching Methods And Techniques - Pedagogical University Publishing House. Hanoi.
[4]. Le Huynh (Editor-In-Chief) And Associates (2022), 10th-Grade Geography Textbook - Connecting Knowledge To Life Series, Education Publishing House Of Vietnam.

Abstract: In the context of robust digital transformation, developing digital competence for high school students has become an urgent requirement to meet the goals of educational innovation and effectively implement the 2018 General Education Program. This article focuses on assessing the current status of factors affecting the development of students' digital competence in teaching Geography at high schools in Thai Nguyen province. The study employs methods of document analysis, questionnaire surveys administered to teachers and students, combined with statistical analysis, comparison, and data synthesis to elucidate the research objectives......

Keywords: Digital competence, Geography teaching, High school, Digital transformation, Thai Nguyen province.

[1]. Ministry Of Education And Training. (2018). General Education Curriculum: Master Curriculum And Geography Curriculum. Vietnam Education Publishing House.
[2]. Ferrari, A. (2013). Digcomp: A Framework For Developing And Understanding Digital Competence In Europe. European Commission, Joint Research Centre.
[3]. Le, T. (Ed.). (2018). Applications Of GIS In Geography Teaching. Pedagogical University Publishing House.
[4]. Nguyen, C. K. (2021). Developing Digital Competence For Teachers And Students In The Context Of Educational Digital Transformation. Vietnam Journal Of Educational Sciences, (42), 15–20.
[5]. Nguyen, V. C. (2020). Developing Digital Competence For Students In Teaching Geography At High Schools. Journal Of Education, Special Issue (October), 142–147.

Abstract: Background: This study examines the consequences of two boundary treaties signed between Portugal and Spain that established the foundations of Brazil's territorial configuration and contributed to the formation of the mineral wealth and diversity found within its subsoil. Initially, it presents the historical antecedents that culminated in the signing of the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494. Subsequently, it describes the events and circumstances that fostered the territorial expansion of the former Portuguese overseas colony, resulting in the signing of the Treaty of Madrid in 1750...

Keywords: Treaty of Tordesillas; Treaty of Madrid; Mineral Resources; Territorial Expansion; Mining; Mercantilism.

[1]. Abreu, C. (2009). The Discoverers. In Chapters Of Colonial History (Pp. 18–27). Centro Edelstein De Pesquisa Social. ISBN 978-85-7982-071-7. Https://Doi.Org/10.7476/9788579820717.0003
[2]. Adas, M. (1983). Geographical Panorama Of Brazil. Moderna.
[3]. Agência Nacional De Mineração. (2024a). Brazilian Mineral Yearbook: Main Metallic Substances 2023. ANM. Retrieved April 2, 2026, From
Https://Www.Gov.Br/Anm/Pt-Br/Assuntos/Economia-Mineral/Publicacoes/Anuario-Mineral/Anuario-Mineral-Brasileiro/Amb_2023.Pdf
[4]. Agência Nacional De Mineração. (2024b). Mineral Report 04Q2024. ANM. Retrieved March 11, 2026, From
Https://Www.Gov.Br/Anm/Pt-Br/Assuntos/Economia-Mineral/Publicacoes/Informe-Mineral/Informe-04tri2024
[5]. Agência Nacional De Mineração. (2021). Major CFEM Revenue Collectors, 2021. Ministry Of Mines And Energy. Retrieved March 10, 2026, From Https://Sistemas.Anm.Gov.Br/Arrecadacao/Extra/Relatorios/Cfem/Maiores_Arrecadadores.Aspx