iosr-JRME   Volume-16 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan. – Feb. 2026

Abstract: In Kenya's Machakos County, there are still considerable gaps in enrollment as only 3 out of 10 preschool children are in school, which highlights the necessity of improving early childhood education as a top priority. The research looks into how the home environment influences the quality of pre-primary education, determining the connection between living conditions, family sizes, social-economic backgrounds, and family support networks. The.....

[1]. Batool, S. S. (2020). Academic Achievement: Interplay Of Positive Parenting, Self‐Esteem, And Academic Procrastination. Australian Journal Of Psychology, 72(2), 174-187.
[2]. Cooper, K., & Stewart, K. (2021). Does Household Income Affect Children’s Outcomes? A Systematic Review Of The Evidence. Child Indicators Research, 14(3), 981-1005.
[3]. Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2023). Qualitative Inquiry And Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. 4th Eds. Thousand Oaks.: Sage Publications.
[4]. Dimiski, A. (2023). How Does Pre-School Attendance Affect School Performance? An Application Of Gini-BMA Methodology On PISA 2018 Dataset. The Journal Of Economic Asymmetries, 28, E00321.
[5]. Field, A. (2024). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics. Sage Publications Limited

Abstract: In Kenya's Machakos County, there are still considerable gaps in enrollment as only 3 out of 10 preschool children are in school, which highlights the necessity of improving early childhood education as a top priority. The study assessed the influence of family structure on quality of pre-primary education. The study was grounded on Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory. The study employed mixed method approach where descriptive and correlational designs were utilized. The target population was 56 public and private pre-primary school centers in Machakos County. The collection of data was done using structured questionnaires and interview guides....

[1]. Cooper, K., & Stewart, K. (2021). Does Household Income Affect Children’s Outcomes? A Systematic Review Of The Evidence. Child Indicators Research, 14(3), 981-1005.
[2]. Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2023). Qualitative Inquiry And Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. 4th Eds. Thousand Oaks.: Sage Publications.
[3]. Hoffmann, W. A., & Nortjé, N. (2020). Ethics Review Framework And Guidelines For Social Science Research. Social Science Research Ethics In Africa, 229-248.
[4]. Juguilon, I. D. (2023). Impact Of Family Support System In The Academic Performance Of Grade 3 Pupils At A Public Elementary School In Rizal, Philippines. International Journal Of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business And Education Research, 4(1), 174-187..

Abstract: Addressing the common problems in current industrial robot programming and simulation courses, such as superficial "virtual-actual integration" and students' difficulty in transitioning from standalone virtual programming to production line system practical capabilities, this paper proposes a teaching reform scheme using hardware-in-the-loop simulation as a bridging integration method. By constructing a two-stage teaching path consisting of foundational virtual simulation training and hardware-in-the-loop simulation system integration,....

Keywords: Industrial robot; Teaching reform; Hardware-in-the-loop simulation

[1]. Xu Wei, Wang Dong, Wu Dong, Et Al. Simulation Design Of Industrial Robot Virtual Teaching Platform Based On Robotstudio [J/OL]. Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Technology, 1-8 [2026-02-06].
[2]. Li Guang, Hou Li, Lu Yong. Research On The Teaching Reform Path Of Industrial Robot Technology Specialty Empowered By Digital Twin Technology [J]. Education Observation, 2025, 14(19): 39-41+48.
[3]. Du Zhiqiang, Li Kai, Song Zhongyue, Et Al. Design Of Hardware-In-The-Loop Virtual Simulation System For Industrial Robots [J]. Practical Electronics, 2021, (11): 68-70.
[4]. Zhang Xiaofang. Design Of Hardware-In-The-Loop/Hardware-In-The-Loop Simulation Multi-Robot Machining Inspection Collaborative System [J]. Experimental Technology And Management, 2021, 38(09): 237-240+245.
[5]. Li Bo, Tian Wei, Wang Changrui. Discussion On Experimental Teaching Reform Of Engineering Majors Based On Hardware-In-The-Loop Simulation Platform - Taking Robotic Aircraft Assembly As An Example [J]. Science & Technology Wind, 2021, (06): 81-82..

Abstract: The present study explores the pursuit of self-realization as the central path to spiritual liberation within Mahimā Dharma. Liberation is presented as the highest destiny of human life, attainable only through inward journey, self-knowledge, and direct realization. The Mahimā Dharma yoga techniques underscore the role of true spiritual guidance in directing seekers away from external observances toward understanding of unity and ultimate truth. It has emphasized that the need to transcend forms, symbols, and doctrines to realize the Supreme Brahma....

Keywords: Self-realization, Liberation, Idol worship, Detachment, Seeker

[1]. Bishwanath, B. (1991) Alekha Parambrahma Darśana (Vol 1, Pg 19) Mahimā Dharmālochanā Samiti, Dhenkanal, Odisha.
[2]. Bhima, B. (2004) Bhajana Mālā (Gi 29, Pg 28) Dharma Grantha Store, Alisha Bazar, Cuttack, Odisha.
[3]. Balaram, D (N.D.) Amara Kosa Gītā (Ch 10, Verse 11) Dharma Grantha Store, Alisha Bazar, Cuttack, Odisha.
[4]. Bishwanath, B. (1991) Alekha Param Brahma Darsana (Vol 1, Pg 20) Mahimā Dharmālochanā Samiti, Dhenkanal, Odisha.
[5]. Bhima, B. (2004) Brahma Nirupaṇa Gītā (Ch 4, Verse 8, Pg 22,32). Dharma Grantha Store, Alisha Bazar, Cuttack, Odisha..

Abstract: Teacher training focused on the use of active methodologies and digital technologies has been widely debated in the educational field, given the social and cultural transformations affecting contemporary schools. This work, developed through an integrative literature review, analyzed scientific productions that address initial and continuing training programs aimed at incorporating these approaches in the school context. The discussions indicate that training processes articulated with pedagogical practice contribute to the revision of traditional teaching conceptions, expanding student protagonism and encouraging investigative, collaborative, and contextualized practices.......

Keywords: Teacher training; Active methodologies; Digital technologies.

[1]. Carvalho AG, Et Al. Active Methodologies: An Integrative Review On Practices In Undergraduate Health Education. Rev Bras Educ Saúde. 2021;11(1):21-29.
[2]. Crisol-Moya E, Romero-López MA, Caurcel-Cara MJ. Active Methodologies In Higher Education: Perception And Opinion As Evaluated By Teachers And Their Students In The Teaching-Learning Process. Front Psychol. 2020;Aug 04.
[3]. Cunha MB, Et Al. Active Methodologies: In Search Of A Characterization And Definition. Educ Rev. 2024;40(3):1-8.
[4]. Farias ACA, Weaver SML, Silva RGM, Silva CH, Calegari CCD. Living Through Challenges And Changes Through Active Methodologies In Higher Education: An Integrative Review. Rev Saúde Multidiscip. 2025;1(1):1-10
[5]. Gatti MD, Freguglia J. The Influence Of School Contexts On The Construction Of Experiential Knowledge Of Science/Biology Teachers. Ens Pesqui Educ Ciênc. 2023;25(3):1-11.

Abstract: Background: Self‑directed learning (SDL), prepares students for time management, problem-solving and self-motivation and has become a necessary component in medical education. The current study was planned to understand the students' perceptions of conduct and assessment of SDL activities in two unique ways. Methodology: An observational, prospective study was conducted involving second year medical students of a college in western Maharashtra, India. SDL topics and their assessment method were announced well in advance along with the resource material to be used for preparation by students.......

Keywords: Small group discussion, quiz, self-directed learning, assessment, feedback.

[1]. Medical Council Of India. Competency Based Undergraduate Curriculum For The Indian Medical Graduate. New Delhi: Medical Council Of India; 2018. Available From: Https:// Www.Mciindia.Org/CMS/Information-Desk/For-Colleges/Ug Curriculum [Last Accessed On 2022 Jul 25
[2]. Collins R, Hammond M. Self Directed Learning To Educate Medical Educators, Part 2: Why Do We Use Self Directed Learning? Med Teach 1987;9:425 32
[3]. SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING: A GUIDE FOR LEARNERS AND TEACHERS Malcol M Knowles New York: Association Press, 1975. 135 Pp., Paperbound. (1977). Group & Organization Studies, 2(2), 256-257. Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/105960117700200220 (Original Work Published 1977)
[4]. Leatemia LD, Susilo AP, Van Berkel H. Self-Directed Learning Readiness Of Asian Students: Students' Perspectives On A Hybrid Problem-Based Learning Curriculum. Int J Med Educ 2016; 7:385-92
[5]. Agrawal P, Verma N. Prediscussion And Postdiscussion Assessment Scores In A Self-Directed Learning Module Implemented In The Department Of Biochemistry: A Comparative Study. Indian J Med Spec 2020;11:814

Abstract: Background: The purpose of the study was to measure the effect of the learning environment and educational resources on learner satisfaction at a cross-cultural youth summer camp. Materials and Methods: The research utilized numerical data as well as follow up to obtain the answer. The participants of the study comprised forty Libyan students, whose ages ranged from 15 to 17 years. They have also attended a multiple module international program at the British University in Egypt (BUE) that included training on English language, soft skills, digital literacy, and sustainability awareness among other things.
Results: Study Results indicate that a very high percentage of the participants.......

Keywords: Learner Satisfaction; Cross-cultural Education; Learning Environment; Trainer Quality; Digital Access and Resources; Youth Development Programs.

[1]. Almohsen, S., & Alenezi, A. (2025). Determinants Of Satisfaction In Youth Summer Camps: A Mixed-Methods Study In The Middle East. Journal Of Youth Development, 20(1), 88–105. Https://Doi.Org/10.5195/Jyd.2025.1420
[2]. Bazan, C. (2022). Effect Of The University’s Environment And Support System On Subjective Social Norms As Precursor Of The Entrepreneurial Intention Of Students. SAGE Open, 12(4), 1–15. Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/21582440221129105
[3]. Başaran, O., & Turan, S. (2025). Reimagining Local Solutions To Global Challenges In Education: A Cross-Cultural Examination. In A. K. T. D. Roberts (Ed.), Cultural Awareness And Diversity Management In Contemporary Education (Pp. 99–192). IGI Global.
[4]. Crnički, P. (2023). Empowering Cross-Cultural Kids—Bridging The International Emotional Gap (Doctoral Dissertation, University Of Zagreb). Sveučilište U Zagrebu.

Abstract: Background: School leadership plays a critical role in supporting staff transformational learning and improving overall school performance. The effectiveness of leadership is influenced by the availability and management of resources, particularly in relation to teachers’ continuing professional development (CPD). High-quality professional development enhances teaching practices and contributes significantly to student achievement and institutional improvement. Understanding the relationship between leadership, staff development, and......

Keywords: Educational leadership; Staff development; Systematic literature review; Continuing professional development (CPD); School improvement; Educational effectiveness.

[1]. Abdallah, R. And Wardat, Y., 2021. Teachers’ Perceptions On The Effectiveness Of Professional Development Programs In Improving The Curriculum Implementation At Jordanian Schools. Elementary Education Online, 20(5), Pp.4438-4449.
[2]. Alexander K. E. And Isaac O.M. (2019), Challenges Facing The Effectiveness Of Secondary School Teachers Continuous Professional Development In The Sekyere District
[3]. Avolioi, B., Walumbwa, F., & Weber, T. J. (2009). Leadership: Current Theories, Research, And Future Directions. Management Department Faculty Publications, 37. Retrieved From Http://Digitalcommons.Unl.Edu/Managementfacpub/37
[4]. Avolio, B.J. And Howell, J.M. (1992). The Impact Of Leader Behavior And Leader-Follower Personality Match On Satisfaction And Unit Performance. In K. E. Clark, M. B. Clark, And D. R. Campbell (Eds), Impact Of Leadership, Greensboro, NC: The Center For Creative Leadership.
[5]. Benjamin, T. (2016). Transactional Leadership Limitations [Blog Post]. Retrieved From
Http://Smallbusiness.Chron.Com/Transactional-Leadership-Limitations-35903.Html