iosr-JMCE   Volume-23 ~ Issue-4 ~ Jul. – Aug. 2026

Abstract: Coherent imaging systems employing two identical holographic lenses in a conjugate arrangement have demonstrated significant potential in speckle metrology, as they provide diffraction-limited imaging free from monochromatic aberrations. However, the minimum measurable in-plane displacement (measurement sensitivity) in such systems depends on the f-number of the holographic lenses. Since achieving a low f-number is constrained by the availability of high-quality pinholes only in limited sizes during holographic lens recording, the measurement.....

Keywords: Holographic lenses, In-plane displacement, Speckle metrology, Coherent imaging, Diffractive optical elements

[1] E. Archbold, J. M. Burch, And A. E. Ennos, "Recording Of In-Plane Surface Displacement By Double-Exposure Speckle Photography," Opt. Acta, Vol. 17, Pp. 883-898, 1970.
[2] E. Archbold And A. E. Ennos, "Displacement Measurement From Double Exposure Laser Photographs," Opt. Acta, Vol. 19, Pp. 253-271, 1972.
[3] J. A. Leendertz, "Interferometric Displacement Measurement On Scattering Surfaces Utilizing Speckle Effect," J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum., Vol. 3, No. 3, P. 214, 1970.[4] R. S. Sirohi, Introduction To Optical Metrology. Boca Raton, Fl, Usa: Crc Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
[5] R. K. Jayaswal, A. A. Khan, And H. L. Yadav, "An Experimental Method To Minimize Errors In The In-Plane Displacement Measurements In Laser Speckle Photography Using A Dual Aperture Compact Hololens Imaging System," Russ. J. Nondestruct. Test., Vol. 61, No. 11, Pp. 859-868, 2025.

Abstract: Road infrastructure development in floodplain environments is often constrained by weak subgrade conditions, high groundwater levels, prolonged soil saturation, and recurrent flooding. These challenges are particularly severe in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, where extensive floodplain deposits and intense rainfall frequently contribute to pavement distress and premature road failures. This study evaluated the geotechnical characteristics of selected floodplain soils in the Niger Delta and assessed the effectiveness of cement stabilization in improving their engineering......

Keywords: Floodplain soils, Geotechnical characterization, Soil stabilization, California Bearing Ratio, Plasticity index, Subgrade performance, Pavement resilience, Fine-grained soils, Flood-prone environments, Niger Delta, Road infrastructure, Cement stabilization

[1]. Aashto. (1993). Guide For Design Of Pavement Structures. Washington, Dc: American Association Of State Highway And Transportation Officials.
[2]. Akinwumi, I. I., Adeyeri, J. B., & Ejohwomu, O. A. (2021). Geotechnical Properties And Engineering Behaviour Of Floodplain Soils In Southern Nigeria. International Journal Of Geotechnical Engineering, 15(4), 421–432.
[3]. Bell, F. G. (1996). Lime Stabilization Of Clay Minerals And Soils. Engineering Geology, 42(4), 223–237.
[4]. Bello, A. A., Nnochiri, E. S., & Okechukwu, N. (2020). Evaluation Of Subgrade Soils For Highway Pavement Construction In The Niger Delta Region Of Nigeria. Nigerian Journal Of Technology, 39(2), 456–465.
[5]. Broll, G., & El Hourani, H. (2021). Soil Degradation And Engineering Implications In Flood-Prone Environments. Environmental Earth Sciences, 80(18), 1–15..

Abstract: Concrete is an artificial stone-like mass, it is a composite material that is created by mixing binding material (cement or lime) along with the aggregate (Sand, gravel, stone, brick chips, etc.), water, admixtures, e.t.c in specific proportions. The strength and quality are dependent on the mixing proportions. Concrete has been in existence for over 200year and over the Years efforts has been made to improve certain of its properties ranging from strength, appearance, ductility and corrosion resistance. This journal tries to determine the effect of partial replacement......

Keywords: Ceramics waste; Discarded Tyre; Concreten

[1]. Ramanaidu P., Murahari Krishna P.,2018, Partial Replacement Of Aggregates With Ceramic Tiles And Rebutted Tyre Waste In Concrete International Journal Of Engineering Trends And Applications (IJETA) – Volume 5 Issue 3
[2]. Sekar M., 2017 Partial Replacement Of Coarse Aggregate By Waste Ceramic Tile In Concrete· International Journal For Research In Applied Science And Engineering Technology
[3]. Obande B., Chiadighikaobi. P, 2026 Effect Of Ceramics Wastes On The Mechanical Properties Of Porous Concrete, The Open Civil Engineering Journal Engineering Volume 20
[4]. Dilip K., Amitava S.,2012, Effect Of Partial Replacement Of Cement By Silica Fume On Hardened Concrete· International Journal Of Emerging Technology And Advanced Engineering
[5]. Harshit J. Et Al 2025, Impact Of Partial Replacement Of Cement With Polymethyl Methacrylate On The Compressive Strength Of Concrete Journal Of Physics Conference Series