IOSR-JHSS   Volume-13 ~ Issue-3 ~ Jul-Aug-2013

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	An Analysis of the Implementation of Parking Management Policies in Increasing the Regional Income of Makassar City
Country	:	Indonesia
Authors	:	Abdul Rachman Hasan, Suratman
	:	10.9790/0837-1330106

Abstract: Theobjectives of this research are: (1) to analyze the growth of both two-wheeled and four-wheeled vehiclesover the last 5 years (2007-2011); (2) to analyze the target and realization of both parking tax andretribution revenue in Makassar city; and (3) to analyze the contribution of parking tax andretribution revenue towards the regional income.The main focus of this research is performance of parking tax andretribution revenue relate with local revenue of Makassar. The contribution of parking retribution towards the regional income over the last 5 years (2007-2011) was relatively insignificant at average of 0.50 %. Thecontribution of parking tax towards the regional income over the last 5 years had shown higher number at average of 1.26 %. The higher contribution of the parking tax than the retribution was due to the taxation was leviedmonthly or annually, and the object of parking tax was focused on companies, not individual contributor, so it ran with less of irregularities. The main constraints in implementing the policies of parking management in Makassar city are found on: (1) management (2) skill of human resource in mapping out the target, and (3) inaccurate data/information of retribution object.

Keywords: Parking policies, regional income

[1] Law of the Republicof Indonesia Number32Year2004 on Regional Government.

[2]. Law of the Republicof Indonesia Number33 of 2004on Fiscal Balancebetween the Central GovernmentandLocal Government.

[3]. Rochmansjah, HeruSalahChabib. 2010.Regional FinanceandAssetManagementRegions. Focusmedia. Bandung.

[4] Rochmansjah, HeruSalahChabib. 2011.Public Policy: Dynamics ofPolicy, PolicyAnalysis, PolicyManagement. Jakarta: PT. Scholastic.

[5] Haris, Syamsuddin. 2007.Decentralizationand Local Autonomy. Third edition, LIPIPress. Jakarta.

[6] Subarsono, A.G. 2010. Analysis of Public Policy; Concepts, Theory and Applications. Pustaka Pelajar Yogyakarta.

[7] Moleong, Lexy J. 2006. Qualitative Research Methodology. Remaja Karya, Bandung.

[8] Bungin, Burhan. , 2009.Qualitative Research: Communication, Economics, Public Policy, andOther SocialSciences. Jakarta: KencanaPrenadaMediaGroup.

[9] Cheema, S, Shabbir dan Rondinelli Dennis A. 1983. Implementing Decentralization Programmes in Asia. Local Capacity for Rural Development, Nagoya, UNCRD.

[10] Moleong, Lexy J. 2006. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung, Remaja Karya.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Impact of Political Violence on the Socio- Economic Development of Yobe State, Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Adole Raphael Audu, Dr. Mbaya Paul, Aliyu Manpaa
	:	10.9790/0837-1330719

Abstract: This paper investigates political violence and its socio-economic consequences on the development of Yobe State particularly and Nigeria generally. To achieve this objective, the study uses both the primary and secondary sources of data collection. A sample of 500 respondents was selected and administered with questionnaire in six Local Government Areas of Yobe State through the simple random sampling techniques. The data obtained from the respondents were manually analyzed through percentage technique and cross tabulation. The Social Movement Theory (SMT) was used as the main theoretical framework for the study The results of the study revealed that poverty and unemployment are not the causes and motivations of political violence in Yobe State but rather ,the causes of political violence in Yobe State was as a result of systemic leadership failure . Thus, the study recommends among others that political leaders should play a role in building effective government through their constitutional duties and mandates.

Keywords: Violence, Political violence, Socio-economic development, Yobe State,Nigeria

[1]. A. Rochester and D. Pearson, A comparative study of civil strife In H.D Hugh (ed.) Violence in America: historical and comparative perspective (Washington, Govern Press 1984)

[2]. R. Douglas, The Human Right to Peace (Mumbai, Better Yourself Books 2003)

[3] Ibid [4] I. A. Gambari Challenges of conflict resolution and the role of Nigeria in regional and global peace and security ( National Defence College Nigeria Graduation Lecture Series No.13 August 2008)

[5] H. Mohammed Nigeria's convulsive federalism: perspectives on flashpoints of conflict in Northern Nigeria (Ibadan Cypress concepts and solutions ltd 2012)

[6] R.P Wolf, On violence. Journal of philosophy .66(19)1969 pp602-606

[7] N.L Nieburg Political violence: the behavioural process (New York st.martins press 1969)

[8] D. Keane The economic functions of violence in civil war Adelphi Paper (London: international Institute for strategic studies 1998)

[9] Ogle Violence defined in terms of physical force in J.M.G Van der Dennen (ed.) theories of political and social violence ( New York Free press.2004) [10] Ibid

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Art and Life in Security Context
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Ogunfuwa, Timothy Olusola, Oladugbagbe, F. E. Allan, Emeriewen, Osevwiyo Kingsley
	:	10.9790/0837-1332029

Abstract: The arts have functionally intertwined with almost every facet of human lives—the most obvious being in the socio-cultural and religious aspects. In the more remote periods and ages, the arts (essentially dance and performance, storytelling and poetry recital, and body painting and object carving, and many more) are usually tailored towards securing politically and economically stabled community. Thus, the arts have been important tool in the sustenance and preservation of human existence and the creative recourse has dated to prehistoric times, when life and security sustainability was equally measured in terms of artistic representation of experiences. From the genre of the arts, the visual arts have steadily grown in their importance to human sustainability on earth. Moreover, art and life have become inseparable in the understanding of human evolutionary processes and security, but the arts have not enjoyed much attention in literary domain in its provision as security to life and property. This essay, therefore, discusses particularly the visual arts as major signpost in human security context, illustrating with instances and materials, forms and types of the fine and applied arts that serve as security tools across different ages and peoples. It shows that religion, art and architecture has all the while been inseparable trio in our determination of security of life and property, and that advancement in modern technology has also assisted in blurring functional distinctions earlier known among art, religion, spirituality and architecture.

Key Words: Art, Security, Life

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[3]. Boorstin, Daniel J. (1992). The Creators: A History of Heroes of the Imagination. N.Y.: Random House.
[4]. Davidson, Basil (1991). Africa in History. London: Phoenix Press.
[5]. Egonwa, Osa D. (2011). Nigerian Art: Introductory Notes. Ibadan: Ababa Press Ltd.
[6]. ------------ (2005). African Art: A Contemporary Source Book, Abuja: National Gallery of Nigerian Arts.
[7]. Fagg, William and Margaret Plass (1973). African Sculpture. London: Studio Vista.
[8]. Gardner H. (1980). Art through the Ages. N.Y.: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.
[9]. Gombrich, E.H. (1985). The Story of Art. Oxford: Phaidon Press Limited.
[10]. Hodge, Susie (2009). The Secret History of the Knights Templer. London: Hermes House.