IOSR-JHSS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-9 ~ Sep-2015

Abstract: Family caregivers play a major role in providing care giving assistance to ill persons and their families. The effect of stressors on family members caring for an ill person in the family has been referred to as caregiver's burden. Caregiver's burden is a multi-dimensional phenomenon reflecting physical, psycho-emotional, social and financial consequences of caring for an impaired family member. Family members are acting as caregivers as the individual in the family of suffering from chronic diseases and continue his treatment at home. In many chronic diseases it places considerable burden for family caregivers who takes the sole responsibility in taking care of chronically ill patients.The present study consisted of 120 samples, among which 60 participants from the caregiver of patients with epilepsy and 60 participants from the caregiver of patients with alcohol dependence.

[1] Akihito, H., Kim, T., Koichi, N. (2003) Positive and Negative Effects of Social Support on the Relationship between Work Stress and Alcohol Consumption. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 64, 874-883.
[2] Austin, J. K. (1996). A model of family adaptation to new-onset childhood epilepsy. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 28(2), 82-92.
[3] Barry, K.L, Fleming, M.F (1990). Family cohesion, expressiveness and conflict in alcoholic families. Addiction 85: 81-87.
[4] Bergner, M. (1989). Quality of life, health status, and clinical research. Medical Care 27(Suppl):S148 –S56.
[5] Bhatti, S.R., Cuba, K.D.K., Benedicta., L.A. (1986) Validation of Family Interaction Pattern Scale. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 28, 211-216
[6] Bhowmick, P., Tripathi, B.M., &Jhingan, H.P. (2001). Social support, coping resources and codependence in spouses of individuals with alcohol and drug dependence. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 43, 219-24.

Abstract:The situational shifts in a history has led the ethnic community of Eastern Nepal popularly known as Khambu Rai to enter from a movement of revivalism to the war of separate nation.Situating the position of the Khambu Rai's will help to understand the greater picture of the ethnic issues of Nepal and their repercussion outside it.
Keywords: cultural identity,hinduisation,identity,nationalities,sanskritisation.

[1]. Niroula, Badri P. (1998), 'Caste Ethnic composition of the population of Nepal', Contribution to Nepalese Studies (CNAS), 2(1):15-56.
[2]. Whelpton, John (1999),'Nationalism and Ethnicity in a Hindu Kingdom The politics of culture in contemporary Nepal', Anthropologie psychanalytique, 267-268
[3]. Skar, Harald O. (1995), 'Myths of Origin: The Janajati movement, local traditions, Nationalism and Identities in Nepal', Contribution to Nepalese Studies (CNAS), 22(1),31-42
[4]. Shrestha, Bal Gopal (2003), 'Ethnic nationalism in Nepal', IIAS Newsletter, pp.22.
[5]. Sharma, Prayag Raj (1986), 'Ethnicity and National Integration in Nepal: A Statement of the problem', 13(2):129-135.
[6]. Rasali, Drona P. (2012), 'Envisioning an Equitable Space for Marginalized People in Nepal: A Journey of Small Strides Thr ough Novel Ideas for Social Justice', Himalaya, 31(1)

Abstract: The Boko Haram sect is the latest of the Islamic Religious set that emerged and unleashed serious violence in the northern part of Nigeria. More than three hundred people were said to have been killed in Bauchi and Borno States within a week during the crisis in August, 2009. The sect got its name, Boko Haram, from its belief and philosophy of western civilisation. The name literally means "Education is prohibited or bad". In other words, education is considered to be Haram.This sect rejected western education simply because of the failure of the Nigerian Leaders who are exposed to western education, to improve their living conditions. This is why, during the uprising, government structure, like police posts and government properties became object of attacks.

[1]. Akaeze .A, (2009) from Maitatsine to Boko Haram.
[2]. http:/www.newswatchngr.com/index.pdp.
[3]. Allen .L.J, (2015) "The Global War on Christians, Image, New York, United States of America".
[4]. Ayuba .J.M, (2009) "From Yan Kalare to Boko Haram: Political Corruption and Violence in Northern Nigeria". A Seminar Paper presented at the Faculty of Arts, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria.
[5]. Demola .A and Sam .A, (2009) "Mayhem in Northern Cities" News watch Magazine, August 10.

Abstract: Varanasi, the holy city of India, is also known by the name Kashi and Benaras among the locals. It is believed in Hinduism that Hindus who are cremated in Varanasi achieve an instant gateway to heaven. Ghats in Varanasi are the foremost places of performing pujas or are used exclusively for cremation sites (as per Hindu rituals). However with increasing population in India, the spiritual city is also being under the threat of acute problem of pollution. The river Ganga, along whose bank the city rose, is being constantly at a risk of endangering level of pollution from sewage or as a result of cremation.

[1]. Research article-"Sewage pollution of the River Ganga: an ongoing case study in Varanasi, India" Authors: Hamner, Steve; Pyke, Damon; Walker, Michelle; Pandey, Gopal; Mishra, Rajesh Kumar; Mishra, Veer Bhadra; Porter, Catherine; Ford, Timothy E; published in, " River Systems", an international journal- Volume 20, Numbers 3-4, April 2013, pp. 157-167(11),Publisher: E.Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung
[2]. International Journal of Environmental Health Research Volume 16, Issue 2, 2006: "The role of water use patterns and sewage pollution in incidence of water-borne/enteric diseases along the Ganges River in Varanasi, India" by Steve Hamner, Anshuman Tripathi, Rajesh Kumar Mishra, Nik Bouskill, Susan C. Broadaway, Barry H. Pyle & Timothy E. Ford (pages 113-132).
[3]. "The Ganga at Varanasi and a travail to stop her abuse" by Veer Bhadra Mishra in "Current Science-a Fortnightly Journal on Research", vol. 89, no. 5, 10 september 2010. [4]. Magazine on environmental threats faced by India and the world- "Down to Earth", Friday 18 July 2014 Blogger Directory | Sushmita Sengupta.