iosr-JECE   Volume-21 ~ Issue-2 ~ Mar. - Apr. 2026

Abstract: Traffic congestion is a major challenge in rapidly growing urban areas, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria. This study proposes an Intelligent Traffic Light Control System (ITLCS) that integrates infrared sensors and RFID technology to improve intersection management. The system detects real-time traffic density and dynamically adjusts signal timings, while RFID enables priority for emergency vehicles. Experimental results show significant......

[1]. Abdulhai, B., Pringle, R., & Karakoulas, G. J. (2022). Reinforcement Learning For True Adaptive Traffic Signal Control. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 135, 103487. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Trc.2021.103487
[2]. Aderamo, A. J., & Atomode, T. I. (2023). Urban Transportation Challenges In Nigeria: Implications For Traffic Congestion Management. Journal Of Transport Geography, 110, 103615[3].
Al-Turjman, F., & Lemayian, J. P. (2022). Smart Cities And Iot Traffic Systems. Future Generation Computer Systems, 128, 250–261. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Future.2021.09.015
[4]. Archive Market Research. (2024). Global Traffic Congestion Analysis Report. Archive Market Research.
[5]. Ayoubi, S., Möller, S., & Dahlhaus, D. (2024). Deep Learning-Based Vehicle Detection Using Computer Vision Techniques. IEEE Transactions On Intelligent Transportation Systems, 25(2), 1456–1468.

Abstract: Numerous obstacles in enhancing the performance of computing systems have spurred the emergence of approximate computing. Extensive studies have been reported on approximate computing to develop high-performance, energy-efficient hardware designs tailored to error-resilient applications. In this brief, we proposed 8-bit approximate multipliers with 15 levels of accuracy using three techniques: recursive, bit-wise, and hybrid approximation using partial bit OR (PBO). Compared to the existing multipliers, investigated designs have.....

Key Words: Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP), Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Support Vector Machines (SVMs), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), NOAA, NASA.

[1] M. H. Haider And S.-B. Ko, “Booth Encoding-Based Energy Efficient Multipliers For Deep Learning Systems,” Ieee Trans. Circuits Syst. Ii, Exp. Briefs, Vol. 70, No. 6, Pp. 2241–2245, Jun. 2023.
[2] W. Liu, F. Lombardi, And M. Shulte, “A Retrospective And Prospective View Of Approximate Computing [Point Of View,” Proc. Ieee, Vol. 108, No. 3, Pp. 394–399, Mar. 2020.
[3] N. Amirafshar, A. S. Baroughi, H. S. Shahhoseini, And N. Taherinejad, “Carry Disregard Approximate Multipliers,” Ieee Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Reg. Papers, Vol. 70, No. 12, Pp. 4840– 4853, Dec. 2023.
[4] B. K. Mohanty, “Efficient Approximate Multiplier Design Based On Hybrid Higher Radix Booth Encoding,” Ieee J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Circuits Syst., Vol. 13, No. 1, Pp. 165–174, Mar. 2023.
[5] H. Waris, C. Wang, C. Xu, And W. Liu, “Axrms: Approximate Recursive Multipliers Using High-Performance Building Blocks,” Ieee Trans. Emerg. Topics Comput., Vol. 10, No. 2, Pp. 1229–1235, Apr. 2022

Abstract: Smart door lock systems are widely used to enhance security in residential and commercial environments. However, most existing systems rely on radio frequency (RF) communication technologies such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and RFID, which are susceptible to signal interference, signal leakage beyond physical boundaries, and dependence on network connectivity. To address these limitations, this paper presents the design and implementation.....

Key Words: Li-Fi, Smart Door Lock, Visible Light Communication (VLC), Access Control System, Arduino Nano, Morse Code, Embedded System

[1]. F. F. Asman, E. Permata, And M. Fatkhurrokhman, “A Prototype Of Smart Lock Based On Internet Of Things (Iot) With Esp8266,” Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Komputer Dan Informatika (Jiteki), Vol. 5, No. 2, Pp. 101–111, Dec. 2019.
[2]. M. P. Shinde, S. Mehta, I. Shanbhag, V. Lele, And A. Bhise, “Android Based Smart Door Locking System,” International Journal Of Engineering Research & Technology (Ijert), Vol. 9, No. 01, Pp. 329–331, Jan. 2020.
[3]. C.-T. Lee, T.-C. Shen, And W.-D. Lee, “A Novel Optical Morse Code-Based Electronic Lock Using The Ambient Light Sensor And Fuzzy Controller,” Applied Sciences, Vol. 7, No. 2, P. 140, Feb. 2017.
[4]. S. K. C. Shilpa, K. M. Anas, P. Hegde, And S. Chabbi, “Li-Fi Based Door Lock System,” International Journal Of Creative Research Thoughts (Ijcrt), Vol. 12, No. 7, Pp. A289–A293, Jul. 2024.
[5]. Y. K. Kirange, S. A. Patil, A. S. Marathe, R. S. Mali, D. D. Potdar, A. B. Patil, And B. P. Mali, “Li-Fi Enabled Smart Door Lock System: A Secure And Innovative Approach To Access Control,” International Journal Of Research Publication And Reviews, Vol. 5, No. 11, Pp. 3672–3678, Nov. 2024.

Abstract: This paper presents the design of a free-space optical link operating under hazy atmospheric conditions. The performance evaluation is conducted using Bit Error Rate, Q-factor, Optical Signal to Noise Ratio and Eye Diagram analysis. The optical link supports a data rate of 10 Gbps over a transmission distance of 2.5 km. The effect of variation of MZM Extinction Ratio on the link is studied and it is revealed that increasing the Extinction Ratio results into improved quality transmission.

Key Words: FSO, MZM, Extinction Ratio, BER, Q Factor

[1]. Mohammad Ali Khalighi And Murat Uysal, “Survey On Free Space Optical Communication: A Communication Theory Perspective,” IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials Vol.16 (4), Pp 2231 – 2258, 2014.
Doi: 10.1109/COMST.2014.2329501.
[2]. Abu Jahid, Mohammed H. Alsharif And Trevor J. Hall, “A Contemporary Survey On Free Space Optical Communication: Potentials, Technical Challenges, Recent Advances And Research Direction,” Journal Of Network And Computer Applications Pp 1-35, 2022. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Jnca.2021.103311
[3]. Tobias Siegel And Shun-Ping Chen, “Investigations Of Free Space Optical Communications Under Real-World Atmospheric Conditions,” Wireless Personal Communications Vol.116 Pp 475–490, 2021 Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S11277-020-07724-1 [4]. S.V.K. Eguri, A.B. Raj A, N. Sharma, “Survey On Acquisition, Tracking And Pointing (ATP) Systems And Beam Profile Correction Techniques In FSO Communication Systems,” Journal Of Optical Communications Vol.45(4) (2022) Doi:10.1515/Joc-2021-0222
[5]. Vaishnavee Lad, Arya Mehendale, Chinchu Joseph, E. Samson Vineeth Kumar And A. A. Bazil Raj, “Analysis Of Different Optical Modulation Schemes For Short Range FSOC Data Link,” Journal Of Optics 2026 Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S12596-025-02922-1.