iosr-JECE   Volume-17 ~ Issue-4 ~ Jul. - Aug. 2022

Abstract:With the increase of world population, the availability of food to all inhabitants on globe is one of the significant challenges. These challenges need to be addressed by adopting innovative options to improve the soil capacity and the safety of environmental resources. The availability of real-time vital parameters related to farming such as moisture, temperature, weather, and water management as well as predictive actions against the changes in parameters can provide great help to deal with these challenges. Internet of Things (IoT) is an evolving technology, has great potential to play and prevail its miraculous role in almost every field. IoT is a network........

Key Word: Node Mcu, Sensor Data, Iot based automation

[1]. Jaideep Nuvvula1, Srivatsa Adiraju2, Shaik Mubin2, Shahana Bano1, VenkataSubba Rao Valisetty1 Environmental smart Agriculture monitoring system using internet of things K L University, Department of ComputerScience and Engineering, GunturAndhra Pradesh, India. International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 115 No6 2017, 313-320
[2]. K. Jyostsna Vanaja1, Aala Suresh2, S. Srilatha3, K. Vijay Kumar4, M. Bharath5 IOT based Agriculture System Using Node MCU.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET). Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018, e-ISSN: 2395-0056.
[3]. Wang N, Zhang N P, Wang M H. Wireless sensors in agriculture and food industry-Recent development and future Perspective [J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2006.
[4]. Chan, M., Campo, E., Esteve, D., Fourniols, J.Y., "Smart homes-current features and future Perspectives," Maturitas, vol. 64, Issue 2, pp. 90-97, 2009..

Abstract: Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have gotten a lot of interest from researchers in recent years because it plays an important role in a variety of applications. WSN's primary function is to process and transmit extracted data to remote destinations. A sizable number of sensor nodes are installed in the monitoring region. For research, it is imperative to deploy the fewest number of nodes necessary to maintain connectivity and full coverage. In addition to maximizing network lifetime, coverage and connectivity difficulties represented the primary concern to be taken into account in this survey. One of the key architectural challenges in creating a Wireless Sensor Network is maximizing the network lifetime (WSN).In recent years, numerous methods have been created to address this issue,........

Key Word: PSO, GA, HETEROGENEOUS, WSN, Multi-hop.

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[3]. A. Ghosal, S. Halder, Md. Mobashir, R.K. Saraogi, S. DasBit, A Jamming Defending Data-Forwarding Scheme for Delay Sensitive Applications in WSN, Proc. Second Int'l Conf. Wireless Vitae'11, IEEE press (Best paper award), (2011), 1-5.
[4]. A. Ghosal, S. Halder, S. Sur, A. Dan, S. DasBit, Ensuring Basic Security and Preventing Replay Attack in a Query Processing Application Domain in WSN, Proc. Tenth Int'l Conf.
[5]. He T, Stankovic J A, Lu C, et al. A spatiotemporal communication prtotocol for wireless sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 2005, 16(10): 995-1006.

Abstract: The need for high capacity long haul telecommunication system to carry huge traffic demands in recent times has lead to the use of optic fiber communication system because of its high capacity carrying advantage over wireless systems. But optic fiber signals suffer some signal impairment issues such as nonlinearity which tends to degrade its transmission performance. This paper proposed the use of adaptive optical equalizer to mitigate such impairments. To achieve that, a simulink model of the system was first developed for simulation experiments. Then the impact of out-of-bound nonlinear signal on the three key performance indicators (Q Factor, Bit Error Ratio and Eye Height) studied was evaluated. An adaptive optical equalizer system was them applied to the network and measurements.....

Keywords: Nonlinear optic fiber, self-phase modulation, Kerr effect, refractive index, nonlinearity mitigation

[1]. Paul E. and Green, Jr, 2003 " Fiber Optic Networks", Prince Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey,
[2]. Agrawal, G. P.,2001, "Nonlinear Fiber Optics", 3rd edition, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 2001.
[3]. Poggiolini, P.; Jiang, Y. "Recent Advances in the Modeling of the Impact of Nonlinear Fiber Propagation Effects on Uncompensated Coherent Transmission Systems". J. Lightw. Technol. 2017, 35, 458–480. [CrossRef]
[4]. Golani, O.; Feder, M.; Shtaif, M. Kalman, "MLSE equalization of nonlinear noise". In Proceedings of the 2017 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC), Los Angeles, CA, USA, 19–23 March 2017; Optical Society of America: Washington, DC, USA, 2017.
[5]. Golani, O.; Elson, D.; Lavery, D.; Galdino, L.; Killey, R.; Bayvel, P.; Shtaif, M. "Experimental characterization of nonlinear interference noise as a process of intersymbol Interference". Opt. Lett. 2018, 43, 1123–1126.