iosr-JDMS   Volume-6 ~ Issue-1

Abstract: Among the various laser types with corresponding wavelengths, diode laser systems quickly began establishing themselves as compact, competitively priced and versatile additions to the dentist's repertoire. Research has shown that near infrared (NIR) wavelengths have high absorption in haemoglobin. This fact gives NIR laser the ability to precisely and efficiently cut, coagulate, ablate or vaporize the target tissue. The added advantage of performing desired procedures is the sealing of small blood and lymphatic vessels, resulting in hemostasis and reduced post-operative edema, disinfection of target tissue due to local heating and production of eschar layer and decreased amount of scarring due to decreased post-operative tissue shrinkage. Research has shown that Diode laser is one of the most versatile with regard to the number of possible treatment options and can be effectively used in the field of soft tissue surgery, periodontics, endodontics, tooth whitening etc. The versatility of the instrument, combined with the latest achievements in diode laser technology, compact design and affordability, should appeal to dental professionals seeking to optimize the procedures they currently perform.

Keywords: Diode Laser, Emisssion Modes, Optic Fiber, Target Tissue.

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[3]. Samo Pirnat: Versatility of an 810 nm Diode Laser in Dentistry: An Overview: Journal of Laser and Health Academy Vol. 2007 No. 4 1 -8.

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[7]. Stubinger S, Saldamli B, Jurgens P, Ghazal G, Zeilhofer HF.Soft tissue surgery with the diode laser- theoretical and clinical aspects. Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed. 2006; 116(8): 812-820

[8]. Parker S. Lasers and soft tissue: 'fixed' soft tissue surgery. Br Dent J. 2007 Mar 10; 202(5): 247- 253.

[9]. Bladowski M, Konarska-Choroszucha H, Choroszucha T. Comparison of Treatment Results of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) with Low- and High-power Laser Irradiation vs a Pharmaceutical Method (5-year Study). J Oral Laser Applications 2004, 3: 191 – 209

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Abstract: Fine-needle aspiration of the thyroid gland is safe, inexpensive, minimally invasive, and highly accurate in the diagnosis of nodular thyroid disease. Limitations of FNAC are related to the skill of the aspirator, the experience of the cytologist, and the difficulty in distinguishing some benign cellular adenomas from their malignant counterpart[1] .Papillary thyroid cancer or papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common type of thyroid cancer, representing 75% to 85% of all thyroid cancer cases.[1] [2] It occurs more frequently in women and commonly between 30-40 years. It is also the predominant type thyroid cancer in children, especially in patients who had previous radiation to the head and neck.[3] This study was conducted in Al Hussein teaching hospital through 5 years from 2008 to 2013 on 300 patients complained from thyroid nodules ,FNAC performed to these patients who suspected to have thyroid malignancy from history and clinical examination, 52 patients(17.3%) was diagnosed as a papillary carcinoma,40patients were females(76.2%) and 12 were males (23.8%), ages ranged between 28 –46 years, follow up of these patients with histopathplogical examination to confirm the diagnosis. After histopathological examination we get 41 cases(78.8%) were confirmed as apapillary carcinomas (32 cases were females and 9 males cases. ) , 6 patients (11.5%) diagnosed nodular hyperplasia , 2 cases (3.8%) of follicular adenoma and 3 cases(5.7%) of thyroiditis. 15 patients (36.5%) of these 41 cases were from areas proved to be exposed to radiation through 1991 & 2003 wars , 11 patients (26.8%) had positive family history of thyroid malignancies, 9 patients (21.9%) from radiation exposed area & had family history of thyroid tumors and 5 cases (12.2 %) had negative history & one case with long standing MNG . Key Words: Papillary thyroid carcinoma , FNAC

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Abstract: Introduction: The exact contributions of postprandial and fasting glucose increments to overall hyperglycemia remain controversial. An observational prospective study is designed to know the relationship of the defined range of various values of glycosylated hemoglobin with fasting and postprandial glycemic status in pre-diabetics and diabetic subjects. Methods & Material: The 402 patients enrolled for this study are divided into 5 groups (Quintiles) depending upon their HbA1C levels. Results: The mean value of Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) and Postprandial Plasma Glucose (PPG) increases with the increasing quintile of HbA1C. The Correlation Coefficient (r- value) for the mean FPG increases with increasing HbA1C Quintiles while that of the mean PPG decreases with higher HbA1C Quintiles. Mean BMI is significantly and positively correlated with HbA1C Quintiles in Groups C, D and E. The occurrence of Diabetic Neuropathy is seen more with rising trends of HbA1C Quintiles. Conclusion: With the severity of diabetes mellitus in relation to increased HbA1C values, attention should be paid more for better control of Fasting Plasma Glucose. When the values of HbA1C are near normal or in pre-diabetic range, glycemic control should be achieved by controlling postprandial plasma glucose since here fasting plasma glucose is negatively correlated. When the values of HbA1C remain at the moderate limit due attention is needed for controlling both the fasting and the postprandial plasma glucose, judiciously.

Key Words: Glyosylated Hemoglobin Quintiles, Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), Postprandial Plasma Glucose (PPG).

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Abstract: Objective: To compare the performance of children with mental retardation with and without Down's syndrome on Standardised Walking Obstacle Course. Method: A prospective comparative study consisted of 30 participants between the age group of 6-14 years. These participants were divided into 2 groups Mentally retarded with Down's syndrome and Mentally retarded without Down's syndrome. Standardised Walking Obstacle Course Test (SWOC) is used to measure stability and speed during gait in terms of time, number of steps, number of stumbles and number of steps off the path for each participant Paired , Unpaired t test and ANOVA were used for data analysis. Results: The time taken and the number of steps off the path was significantly more (p<0.01) in children with Down's syndrome as compared to children without Down's syndrome. The number of steps and the number of stumbles was also more (p<0.01) in children with Down's syndrome as compared to children without Down's syndrome. Conclusion: Overall the quality of functional ambulation is decreased in children with Down's syndrome as compared to those with Mental retardation in time, number of steps, stumbles and steps off the path.

Keywords: Down's syndrome, Mental retardation, Standardised Walking Obstacle Course

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