iosr-JDMS   Volume-5 ~ Issue-6

Abstract: Traditional endodontics has been based on feel not sight. Together with radiographs and electronic apex locators this blind approach has produced surprising success. There is, however, a significant failure rate, especially in long-term. Magnification helps the user not only to see more, but to see well. High levels of magnification increase the aggregate amount of visual information available to endodontists for diagnosing and treating dental pathology. Initially resisted, there has been a recent surge of interest in microscope enhanced dentistry among endodontists. Despite their higher price tags, however, when the dental operating microscope is fully integrated into an endodontic practice and used to its fullest potential, a return on investment is improved ergonomics and zero defect endodontics.

Keywords:Dental Operating Microscope (DOM), Endodontics , Ergonomics, Magnification.

[1]. Apotheker H. A Microscope for Use in Dentistry. J Microsurg. 1981; 3:7.

[2]. Gary B. Carr, Carlos A.F. Murgel-The Use of the Operating Microscope in Endodontics: Dent Clin N Am 54, 2010:191–214.

[3]. Selden HS. The dental-operating microscope and its slow acceptance. J Endod 2002; 28(3): 206–7.

[4]. CarrGB.Microscopes in Endodontics. J Calif Dent Assoc.1992: 20(11): 55-61.

[5]. Use of the Dental Operating Microscope in Laser Dentistry: Seeing the Light Glenn A. van As-J Laser Dent 2007; 15(3):122-129.

[6]. Carr GB. Magnification and illumination in endodontics. In: Hardin JF, (Editor) Clark's Clinical Dentistry. (New York: Mosby, 1998) 4:1-14.

[7]. Behle C. Photography and the Operating Microscope in Dentistry. J Calif Dent Assoc. 2001; 29(10): 765-771.

[8]. Glenn A. van As,Extreme Magnification: Seeing the Light- www.ineedce.com

[9]. Tibbets LS, Shanelec DA. Periodontal Microsurgery. Dent Clin North Am. 1998; 42:339–359.

[10]. Baldissara P, Baldissara S, Scotti, R. Reliability of Tactile Perception Using Sharp and Dull Explorers in Marginal Opening Identification. Int J Prosth. 1998; 11(6):591–594.

Abstract: A fifty year old male, diagnosed to have an acute retropharyngeal space infection reported two days after his discharge from the hospital with breathing difficulty and rapidly progressive diffuse swelling of the neck. Immediate clinical evaluation failed to localize the exact cause but computed tomography revealed large anterior visceral compartment abscess with recurring retropharyngeal space infection. In this case the involvement of visceral compartment of the neck was a unique presentation. Retropharyngeal space infections are known for their spread to other spaces. However, involvement of visceral compartment is rare. Proximity to visceral vascular space and possibility of spread of infection to superior mediastinum makes visceral space infections a life threatening condition. Deep neck space infections should be observed for extensions beyond the primary site. The role of imaging is indispensable while monitoring these infections. Prompt initiation of definitive treatment can prevent catastrophic complications.

Keywords - Visceral compartment of neck, retropharyngeal space infection, computed tomography scan.

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[3] Steven CR, Anthony WC. Life threatening infections of peripharyngeal and deep fascial spaces of the Head and Neck. Vol. 21, Infectious disease clinics of North America (2007): pp. 569-570.
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[8] Pearse, H. E. (1938): Mediastinitis following cervical suppuration. Annzeles Surgery 108: p. 588.
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Abstract: Background: My Fitness Trainer (MFT) balance board was produced for skiers and then surfers to practice their skills in the off season. However, there was hardly any study done by using this balance board in normal individuals. Objective: To find out the effect of My Fitness Trainer Balance Board Training on normal healthy individuals. Study Design: Pre and Post. Materials and Methods: Twenty (10 males, 10 females) healthy normal individuals between the age of 20-30 years. Individuals were made to stand in the Electronic Balance Board and the computer screen was kept in front of him for giving biofeedback and was trained for forward, backward and sideways balance re-training. At the end of training, his score was displayed in the screen & recorded for 30, 45, 60 seconds. Training was given for 30 minutes once/ week for 6 weeks. Results: The results showed improvement in the balance score after 6 weeks of training programme (p<0.01). Conclusion: MFT Balance board is of a great use for training purpose.

Keywords: Balance, Propioception, Stability

[1] Waddington G.S. and Adams, R.D., The Effect of a 5-Week Wobble-Board Exercise Intervention on Ability to Discriminate Different Degrees of Ankle Inversion, Barefoot and Wearing Shoes, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 52(4), 2004.

[2] Aaltonen, Karjalainen, H, Heinonen, A. Parkkari, J and Kujala, Prevention of Sports Injuries: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trial, Archives of Internal Medicine (of the Journal of the American Medical Association), 167 (15), 2007, 13-27.

[3] McGuine, T.A., Keene, J.S., The Effect of a Balance Training Program on the Risk of Ankle Sprains in High School Athletes, American Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(7), 2006, 15-20.

[4] Caraffa, A., Cerulli, G., Projetti, M., Aisa, G. and Rizzo, A, Prevention of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Soccer: A Prospective Controlled Study of Proprioceptive Training, Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 4(1), 1996.

[5] Rhoads, Jarett A., Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Prevention Programs Impact on Knee Injury Rates in the Athletic Female: A Synthesis of the Research Literature, a masters thesis at the State University of New York College at Brockport: systematic review of eight published trials, three of which tested balance boards.

[6] McKeon PO, Hertel J., Systematic review of postural control and lateral ankle instability, part II: is balance training clinically effective? J Athl Train, 43(3), 2008,305-315.

[7] Raschner, C., Lembert, S., Platzer, H. P., Patterson, C., Hilden, T., & Lutz, M. (2008). [S3-check--evaluation and generation of normal values of a test for balance ability and postural stability]. Sportverletzungen und Sportschaden, 22, 2008, 100-5.
[8] Gaerlan, Mary Grace, The role of visual, vestibular, and somatosensory systems in postural balance" (2010). UNLV Theses/ Dissertations/Professional Papers/Capstones. Paper 357. http://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/357

[9] Michaela Gstöttner, Andreas Neher, Arne Scholtz, Martin Millonig, Sandra Lembert, and Christian Raschner, Balance Ability and Muscle Response of the Preferred and Nonpreferred Leg in Soccer Players, Motor Control,13, 1996, 218-231.

[10] Walker C, Brouwer BJ, Culham EG, Use of visual feedback in retraining balance following acute stroke, Phys Ther 80, 2000, 886-895.

Abstract: During routine dissections in the Dept. Of anatomy, Sri Venkateswara Medical college, Tirupathi, A.P. we encountered a rare anomaly in an adult male cadaver on the right upper limb. The third part of the axillary artery unilaterally divides into two major arterial stems, named according to their localization as deep brachial artery and superficial brachial artery (brachial artery proper).Deep brachial artery passes at first in between the two roots of median nerve, and later deep to lateral root of median nerve. The deep brachial artery gives off the posterior circumflex humeral artery, anterior circumflex humeral artery, subscapular artery, and profunda brachii artery and lower down in the arm,it terminates by dividing into superior ulnar collateral artery and inferior ulnar collateral artery. This case is a anamoly of the axillary artery that has been rarely documented in the literature(0.12-3.2%). Accurate knowledge of the normal and variant arterial anatomy of the axillary artery is important for surgeons and specialists using radiodiagnostic techniques. The improved knowledge would allow more accurate diagnostic interpretations and surgical treatment.

Key words: Axillary artery, superficial brachial artery, deep brachial artery.

[1]. Cavdar S, Zeybek A, Bayramiçli M Rare variation of the axillary artery. Clin Anat. 2000;13(1):66-8. PMID: 10617889.
[2]. Kachlik D, Konarik M, Baca V. Vascular patterns of upper limb: an anatomical study with accent on superficial brachial artery. PMID: 21342134.
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[5]. Yang HJ, Gil YC, Jung WS, Lee HY. Variations of the superficial brachial artery in Korean cadavers. J Korean Med Sci. 2008 Oct;23(5):884-7. PMID: 18955798
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