iosr-JDMS   Volume-2 ~ Issue-4

Abstract: Aim and Objective: One of the major public health challenges globally is the impact of the converging dual epidemics of tuberculosis-HIV coinfection. We aimed to determine the prevalence of tuberculosis-HIV coinfection, and the relationship between tuberculosis and CD4/ESR in HIV patients in Niger Delta region of Nigeria.
Keywords: Tuberculosis (TB), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB). CD4 count, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

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(JUTH). Nigeria Med Pract. 2004; 46: 36-46
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count. Tubercle and Lung Dis 1995;76:518-21.
[5] From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1993 revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded
surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. JAMA 1993; 269:729.
[6] Iliyasu Z, Babashani M. Prevalence and predictors of tuberculosis coinfection among HIV-seropositive patients attending the
Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, northern
[7] Nigeria. J Epidemiol. 2009;19(2):81-7
[8] Salami AK, Katibi IA. Human immunodeficiency virus-associated tuberculosis: pattern and trend in the University of Ilorin
Teaching Hospital. Afr J Med Med Sci. 2006 Dec;35(4):457-60.
[9] Pennap G, Makpa S, Ogbu S. Sero-prevalence of HIV infection among tuberculosis patients in a rural tuberculosis referral clinic in
northern Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J. 2010 Jun 21;5:22
[10] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Targeted tuberculin testing and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. Morb Mortal
Wkly Rep 2000;49:1-51.

Abstract:Objectives: To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of herbal and chlorhexidine mouth rinses against Streptococcus mutans. Search strategy: The following electronic retrieval systems and databases were selected for identification of studies. The Cochrane central register of controlled trials, Pub Med, LILACS / BBO, MEDLINE, SCIENCE DIRECT. Selection criteria: Studies with both herbal and chlorhexidine mouth rinse with outcome measure like zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration were included for this review. Conclusion: This review demonstrates that, compared to herbal mouth rinse, chlorhexidine mouth rinse provided better results in its antimicrobial efficacy against streptococcus mutans. Further research could study the antimicrobial efficacy of herbal mouth rinse in greater depth and in vivo clinical testing is essential to confirm the in vitro results.
Keywords:Herbal mouth rinse, antimicrobial activity, streptococcus mutans, chlorhexidine mouth rinse.

[1.] Van Leeumen M.P.C, Slot D.E and Van Der Weijden. Essential oils compared to chlorhexidine with respect to plaque and parameters of gingival inflammation: A systematic Review. Journal of Periodontology 2011; 82(2); 174-194.
[2.] Ranjan Malhotra, Vishakha Grover, Anoop Kapoor, Divya Saxena. Comparison of the effectiveness of a commercially available herbal mouthrinse with chlorhexidine gluconate at the clinical and patient level. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology 2011; 15(4); 349- 352.
[3.] Flotra L, Gjermo P, Rolla G, Waerhaug J. Side effects of chlorhexidine mouthwashes. Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 1971;
79; 119-125.
[4.] Needleman IG. A guide to systematic reviews. Journal of Clinical Periodontlogy 2002; 29(suppl.3); 6-9.
[5.] Pooja Agarwal, Nagesh L, Murlikrishnan. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of various concentrations of Tulsi (ocimum sanctum) extract against streptococcus mutans: An in vitro study. Indian Journal of Dental Research 2010; 21; 3357-359.
[6.] Dalirsani. Z, Aghazadeh. M, Amirchaghmaghi. M, Pakfetrat. A. In vitro comparison of the antimicrobial activity of ten herbal extracts against streptococcus mutans with chlorhexidine. Journal of Applied sciences 2011; 11(5); 878-882.
[7.] Vijaya Hegde, Vasavi. A study to assess the antibacterial effect of Triphala churna against streptococcus mutans-an in vitro study.
Journal of Postgraduate Dentistry 2011; 1(2); 13-14.
[8.] Mansour Amin, Maryam Kazemi, Neda Rasaie. In Vitro Comparison of the Effects of Garlic Juice and Chlorhexidine Mouthwash on oral pathogen. Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology 2012; 1(1).
[9.] Fereshteh Sedighinia, Akbar Safipour Afshar, Saman soleimanpour, Reza zarif, Javad Asili, Kiarash Ghazvini. Antibacterial activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra against oral pathogens: an in vitro study. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine 2012; 2(3); 118-124.
[10.] Hasanali Shafiee, Hamed Mortazavi, Maryam Baharvand, Guita Eslami, Sedigheh Bakhtiari, Soodabeh Taheri, Fatemeh Namazi, Amin Asgari and Somayyeh Azimi . Iranian traditional medicine: Comparison of the antibacterial effect of ANNAS 0.2% and chlorhexidine 0.2%. African Journal of Microbiology Research 2012; 6(15), 3600-3603.

Abstract:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is one of the most frequent causes of morbidity and mortality. A both environmental and genetic factor contributes to the development of CAD. Renin angiotensin system which regulates blood pressure plays an important role in pathogenesis of CAD. Angiotensinogen (AGT), Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) are the major components of Renin Angiotensin System (RAS). Objective of the study is to examine whether these RAS component gene polymorphisms have any impact on severity of CAD.
Keywords:Coronary Artery Disease, severity, Renin Angiotensin System, Gene polymorphism

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[7] Gupta R, Misra A, Pais P, Rastogi P and Gupta VP. "Correlation of regional cardiovascular disease mortality in India with
lifestyle and nutritional factors". International Journal of Cardiology.2006; 108 (3): 291–300.
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[10]Enas EA and Senthilkumar A. Coronary artery disease in Asian Indians: an update and review. The Internet Journal of Cardiolog y
2001; vol1: no 2.

Abstract:Background: Ocular dominance is the tendency to prefer visual input from one eye to the other. VEPs are the electrical potentials recorded from the scalp in response to visual stimuli to assess conduction pathway from the retina to the occipital cortex. Objectives: 1. to determine ocular dominance. 2. To compare the latency and amplitude of Visual evoked potentials in dominant and non dominant eye.
Keywords:Visual evoked potentials, ocular dominance

[1] Sharp-sighted.org [homepage on Internet]. Brussels: Vandegaer M ;[updated 2009]. Facial masking, Alignment & Dyslexia.0.3
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[9] Lecture 11- Ocular Dominance(Steinman Chapter 2, p. 24—27; Chapter 3, p. 56-57)
[10] Mendola JD, Conner IP. Eye dominance predicts fMRI signals in retinotopic cortex. Neurosci Lett 2007; 414: 30 – 34.