iosr-JDMS   Volume-24 ~ Issue-11 ~ November 2025

Abstract: Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections encountered in clinical practice. Increasing antibiotic resistance among uropathogens poses amajor therapeutic challenge, especially in developing countries where empirical therapy is widely practiced.
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the bacterial profile of UTIs and assess the antibiotic resistance patterns of the isolates obtained from patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Thrissur, Kerala.
Methods: A cross-sectional....

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Abstract: Background: Rheumatic Valve Disease is corresponding for the highest cardiovascular disease-related loss of disability. It is more prevalent in low-middle ang high-income countries, strongly associated with socioeconomic disadvantage. Mitral Regurgitation is the most common cardiac involvement and can progress to stenosis. Rivaroxaban 15mg once daily was administered in addition to optimizing heart failure medical therapy in order to prevent cardiovascular events in this patient until surgery. She was submitted to replacement mechanical mitral valve, remaining hemodynamically stable.....

[1]. Carapetis JR, Beaton A, Cunningham MV, Guilherme L, Karthikeyan G, Mayosi BM, Sable C, Et Al. Acute Rheumatic Fever, And Rheumatic Heart Disease. Nat Rev 2016:2:1-24.
[2]. Cunningham MW. Streptococcus And Rheumatic Fever. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2012; 24: 408-416.
[3]. Guilherme L, Kalil J. Rheumatic Fever And Rheumatic Heart Disease: Cellular Mechanisms Leading Autoimmune Reactivity And Disease. J Clin Immunol 2010; 30: 17-23.
[4]. Tandon R, Sharma M, Chandrashekhar Y, Kotb M, Yacoub MH, Narula J. Revisiting The Pathogenesis Of Rheumatic Fever And Carditis.
[5]. Essop MR, Peters F. Contemporary Issues In Rheumatic Fever And Chronic Rheumatic Heart Disease. Circulation 2014; 30: 2181-2188.

Abstract: Background: Sterilization of instruments is essential for successful endodontic therapy. Conventional methods, though reliable, are time-consuming and less suitable for chairside use. This study evaluated and compared four sterilization techniques for H-files: autoclave, glass bead, ultraviolet (UV), and diode laser.
Methods: Eighty pre-sterilized....

Keywords: Autoclave, Glass bead sterilization, UV sterilization, Diode laser, Streptocccus mutans, H files,

[1]. Lima AR, Herrera DR, Francisco PA, Pereira AC, Lemos J, Abranches J, Gomes BPFA. Detection Of Streptococcus Mutans In Symptomatic And Asymptomatic Infected Root Canals. Clin Oral Investig. 2021 Jun;25(6):3535-3542. Doi: 10.1007/S00784-020-03676-9. Epub 2020 Nov 10. PMID: 33170373; PMCID: PMC8152374.
[2]. Kakehashi S, Stanley HR, Fitzgerald RJ. The Effects Of Surgical Exposures Of Dental Pulps In Germ-Free And Conventional Laboratory Rats. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1965;20:340–9
[3]. Buchanan GD, Warren N, Gamieldien MY. Debris Contamination Of Endodontic Hand Files In Dental Practice. S. Afr.
Dent. J. [Internet]. 2018 Aug [Cited 2025 Feb 23] ; 73( 7 ): 442-445
[4]. Longbottom H. Communicable Diseases Intelligence. Commonwealth Department Of Human Services And Health. 1994:518-66.
[5]. Almehmadi AH, Alghamdi FT. Microbial Culture And Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation Of Endodontic Hand Files: An In Vitro Study. Cureus. 2022Jun 5;14(6):E25673. Doi: 10.7759/Cureus.25673. PMID: 35812584; PMCID: PMC9256005

Abstract: The conflict in Sudan has now reached its third year, with no indication of a resolution in sight. It has had a devastating effect on the nation's healthcare system and infrastructure, leaving approximately 65% of the population without access to medical services. Over 80% of hospitals are non-functional, and one in three hospitals is out of service due to disruptions in the movement of patients and healthcare workers. Safety concerns and the instinct for self-preservation.....

[1]. Sudan Crisis. Https://Www.Emro.Who.Int/Sdn/Crisis/Index.Html. Published 12 July 2024. Https://Www.Emro.Who.Int/Sdn/Crisis/Index.Html (Access 13.May 2025)
[2]. Elhadi YAM, Siddig RE, Awooda EM. Oral Health In Sudan: The Current Situation During COVID-19 Pandemic. Pan Afr Med J. 2022 Feb 8; 41:111. Doi: 10.11604/Pamj.2022.41.111.32693. PMID: 35465374; PMCID: PMC8994452.
[3]. Renton T. Tooth-Related Pain Or Not? Headache. 2020 Jan; 60(1):235-246. Doi: 10.1111/Head.13689. Epub 2019 Nov 1. PMID: 31675112.
[4]. Ahmed BM, Ali IA, Siddiq FM, Muhamadi KA, Aljezooli MH. Self-Care Remedies Used To Relieve Dental Pain Among Sudanese In Khartoum State, Sudan. International Journal Of Dental Sciences And Research. 2017; 5(4):88-92. Doi: 10.12691/Ijdsr-5-4-2.
[5]. Khogali A, Homeida A. Impact Of The 2023 Armed Conflict On Sudan’s Healthcare System. Public Health Chall. 2023; 2:E134. Https://Doi.Org/10.1002/Puh2.134.

Abstract: ....

[1]. Sarin SK, Lahoti D, Saxena SP, Murthy NS, Makwana UK. Prevalence, Classification And Natural History Of Gastric Varices: A Long‑Term Follow‑Up Study In 568 Portal Hypertension Patients. Hepatology. 1992;16(6):1343–1349.
[2]. Bhat YM, Banerjee S, Barth BA, Et Al. Tissue Adhesives For Endoscopic Applications. Gastrointest Endosc. 2013;78(2):209–215.
[3]. Romero-Castro R, Pellicer-Bautista FJ, Jimenez-Saenz M, Et Al. Endoscopic Injection Of N‑Butyl‑2‑Cyanoacrylate For Bleeding Gastric Varices. Dig Liver Dis. 2002;34(2):115–122.
[4]. European Association For The Study Of The Liver (EASL). Clinical Practice Guidelines On The Management Of Variceal Bleeding. J Hepatol. 2018;69:92–112.
[5]. Seewald S, Sriram PV, Naga M, Et Al. Cyanoacrylate Glue In Gastric Variceal Bleeding: A Meta-Analysis Of Efficacy And Safety. Endoscopy. 2002;34(9):715–722.

Abstract: .Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasingly recognized not only for its vascular and metabolic complications, but also for its impact on brain health, including cognitive decline and elevated risk of dementia. In particular, insulin resistance, chronic hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and cerebral microvascular damage may mediate cognitive impairment. Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III) tool is a validated, freely available, brief bedside...

Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Cognitive dysfunction; American Diabetes Association; Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III;

[1]. American diabetes association. Diabetes care 2013; 38 (Suppl.1): S8-S16. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3537269/
[2]. Ogurtsova K, da Rocha Fernandes JD, Huang Y, Linnenkamp U, Guariguata L, Cho NH, Cavan D, Shaw JE, Makaroff LE. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates for the prevalence of diabetes for 2015 and 2040. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017 Jun; 128:40-50. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.03.024. Epub 2017 Mar 31. PMID: 28437734.
[3]. Zilliox LA, Chadrasekaran K, Kwan JY, Russell JW. Diabetes and Cognitive Impairment. Curr Diab Rep. 2016 Sep;16(9):87.
[4]. Dove A, Shang Y, Xu W, Grande G, Laukka EJ, Fratiglioni L, et al. The impact of diabetes on cognitive impairment and its progression to dementia. Alzheimers Dement [Internet]. 2021;17(11):1769–78. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/alz.12482
[5]. Aderinto, Nicholas, Olatunji, Gbolahan, Abdulbasit, Muili et al. The impact of diabetes in cognitive impairment: A review of current evidence and prospects for future investigations. Medicine. October 27, 2023; 102(43):p e35557.

Abstract: .Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is a rare neoplasm arising from stromal dendritic cells of lymphoid follicles. It can occur in nodal or extra nodal sites, and diagnosis relies on histopathological and immunohistochemical findings. We report a case of FDCS in a 34-year-old man presenting with a right iliac fossa mass, initially suspected to be an extratesticular germ cell tumor. Surgical excision and subsequent histopathological evaluation..

Keywords: Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma, lymphoid tissue, CD21, CD23, Vimentin, soft tissue tumor, case report

[1]. van Nierop K, de Groot C. Human follicular dendritic cells: function, origin, and development. Semin Immunol. 2002;14(4):251–257.
[2]. Chan JK. Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma. An update and diagnostic approach. Adv Anat Pathol. 1997;4(6):352–361.
[3]. WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board. WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematolymphoid Tumours, 5th Edition. IARC Press; 2022.
[4]. Saygin C, Uzunaslan D, Ozguroglu M, Senocak M, Tuzuner N. Dendritic cell sarcoma: a pooled analysis including 462 cases with presentation of our case series. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2013;88(2):253–271.
[5]. Fonseca R, Yamakawa M, Nakamura S, et al. Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma: a clinicopathologic analysis of 17 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1998;22(8):944–955..

Abstract: .This research aims to implement the identification process for cervical cancer. This identification is achieved through feature extraction, which includes shape features and statistical features, subsequently processed using a developed artificial intelligence-based system. The methodology in this study involves clustering data using the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) and K-Means algorithms into two clusters: Cluster 1 and Cluster 2. This is followed by a classification..

Keywords: Single cervical cell image, cervical cancer, pap smear test, fuzzy c-means, backpropagation

[1]. American Cancer Society, 2013, Guide: Cervical Cancer, http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content.html, 21 November 2013.
[2]. Rosidi, B., Jalil, N., Pista, N.M., Ismail, L.H., Supriyanto, E., Mengko, T.L, 2011. Classification of Cervical Cells Based onLabeled Colour Intensitiy Distribution, International Journal of Biology and Biomedical Engineering.
[3]. Suryatenggara, Jeremiah, 2009, Cervix Cancer Detection Based On Pattern Recognition In Cervical Cytological Slide Images, Fakultas Life Science, Program Studi Biomedical Engineering, Swiss Germany University (SGU).
[4]. Dewi, E.M, 2013, Ekstraksi Fitur dan Klasifikasi Sel Serviks dengan Metode Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) Untuk Deteksi Dini Kanker Serviks, Program Studi S1 Teknobiomedik, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Airlangga.
[5]. Elalfi, Atta., Eisa, Mohamed., Ahmed, Hosnia, 2013, Artificial Neural Networks in Medical Images for Diagnosis Heart Valve Diseases, International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 10, Issue 5, No 1, Egypt.

Abstract: Background: Open retrorectus meshplasty is an established technique for ventral hernia repair, thought to confer advantages including reduced recurrence, infection rates, and improved anatomical restoration compared to onlay meshplasty. Ventral hernias—encompassing epigastric, umbilical, and incisional types—present significant surgical challenges...

Keywords: Retrorectus; Meshplasty; Onlay; Sublay; Seroma;Ventral Hernia;Rives Stoppa

[1]. Pearson DG, Madura JA 2nd. Modified retrorectus ventral hernia repair. Am J Surg. 2016 Mar;211(3):615-8.
[2]. Wheeler AA, Matz ST, Bachman SL, Thaler K, Miedema BW. Retrorectus polyester mesh repair for midline ventral hernias. Hernia. 2009 Dec;13(6):597-603.
[3]. McLanahan D, King LT, Weems C, Novotney M, Gibson K. Retrorectus prosthetic mesh repair of midline abdominal hernia. Am J Surg. 1997 May;173(5):445-9.
[4]. Khansa I, Janis JE. Abdominal Wall Reconstruction Using Retrorectus Self-adhering Mesh: A Novel Approach. PlastReconstrSurg Glob Open. 2016 Nov 23;4(11):e1145.
[5]. Warwick AM, Smart NJ, Daniels IR. Retro-rectus repair of complex incisional hernia leads to low recurrence rate. ANZ J Surg. 2017 Jul;87(7-8):591-594..

Abstract: .Background; Diverse number of factors and determinants influence the progression and manifestation of periodontal diseases. However the possible link between periodontal diseases and autoimmune diseases described in literature is due to the common immune-inflammatory pathway have been well described in literature.
The potential...

Keywords: Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis; Hypothyroidism; Periodontitis; Periodontal diseases

[1]. Patil BS, Patil S, Gururaj TR. Probable autoimmune causal relationship between periodontitis and Hashimotos thyroidits: A systemic review. Niger J Clin Pract. 2011;14:253-61.
[2]. Aldulaijan HA, Cohen RE, Stellrecht EM, Levine MJ, Yerke LM. Relationship between hypothyroidism and periodontitis: A scoping review. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2020;6:147-57.
[3]. Monea A, Elod N, Sitaru A, Stoica A, Monea M. Can thyroid dysfunction induce periodontal disease?. Eur Sci J. 2014;1:10.
[4]. Hiromatsu Y, Satoh H, Amino N. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: history and future outlook. Hormones (Athens). 2013;12:12-8.
[5]. Kostoglou-Athanassiou I, Ntalles K. Hypothyroidism-new aspects of an old disease. Hippokratia. 2010;14:82.

Abstract: .Phantoms are essential in radiotherapy for quality assurance, patient-specific dose verification, and training by mimicking human tissue to measure and optimize radiation doses, ensuring safe and effective treatment. They allow for testing treatment planning systems, machine calibration, and validating treatment delivery methods before they are......

Keywords: Motion Phantom, Radiation Therapy, Organ motion, Dose measurement

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[2] Nioutsikou, Elena, et al. "Quantifying the effect of respiratory motion on lung tumour dosimetry with the aid of a breathing phantom with deforming lungs." Physics in Medicine & Biology 51.14 (2006): 3359.
[3] Nakamura, Mitsuhiro, et al. "Impact of motion velocity on four‐dimensional target volumes: a phantom study." Medical physics 36.5 (2009): 1610-1617.
[4] Kissick, Michael W., et al. "A phantom model demonstration of tomotherapy dose painting delivery, including managed respiratory motion without motion management." Physics in Medicine & Biology 55.10 (2010): 2983.
[5] Chang, Jina, Tae‐Suk Suh, and Dong‐Soo Lee. "Development of a deformable lung phantom for the evaluation of deformable registration." Journal of applied clinical medical physics 11.1 (2010): 281-286.