iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-7 ~ JuLy 2020

Abstract: CKD is a multifactorial diseases having physical, psychological, social and economic implications. Data from a study in 2017 shows that the Global prevalence of CKD was 9.1% (697.5 million cases). Around one third of CKD cases were found in China (132.3 million) or India (115.1 million). There are two treatment modalities for CKD: Dialysis and Renal transplant. Haemodialysis imposes many physical and psycho social stressors which is a big challenge for patient as well as caregiver. Care is not only required for dialysis patients but also to the family and caregivers as patients QOL is dependent on caregivers QOL. Dialysis is an expensive treatment modality and it becomes an area of concern for those who cannot afford these expenses and thus tend to quit the treatment because of financial restraints. Dialysis as a procedure is stressful for the patient because of inadequate education and preparation with reference to Endstage Renal Disease (ESRD). It can lead to depression, anxiety, delirium, suicidal behaviors, etc. hence, they have to be mentally prepared for the forthcoming event, hence mental health professionals are needed for counseling and psychotherapy. Multidisciplinary approach is necessary for effective management of such patients for improved outcomes and better quality of life.

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Abstract: Background:Inflammation process initiates tooth movement in orthodontic treatment and causes pain in some cases. Some patients experience stress and anxiety during orthodontic treatment. This condition leadsbody to secrete several hormones. One of them is cortisol. The aim of this study is to observe the effect of stress caused by orthodontic forcebased on the level of cortisol hormone in Wistar rats within several days. Materials and Methods:A total of 28 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 had no orthodontic intervention (n= 7), group 2 to group 4 were givenorthodontic force by fixing separator in maxilla incisor, corresponding to the period of the experiment, i.e. 1, 3 and 7 days. At the end of each experimental period, Wistar rats wereeuthanasized and blood plasma was collected...................

Key Words: Stress; Orthodonticforce; Cortisol.

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Abstract: Due to technological advancements in the field of dentistry and the various number of new classes ofrestorative materialsthere is a need to analyze these materials for their optical, thermal, electric, and mechanical properties. Furthermore, the biocompatibility, and material compatibility of each material should be investigated as to the effects that these materials have on each other and on opposing natural dentition in the oral cavity during normal function and parafunction. Dental materials should be selected to minimize stresses and should be designed to distribute forces as much as possible while maintaining biocompatibility and aesthetics.

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[3]. Dimitriu St.- Mecanica ruperii, Brasov, 2002.
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Abstract: Background: Varicose veins and their associated symptoms and complications constitute the most common chronic vascular disorder of the lower limb. The term varicose is derived from the Latin word meaning "dilated". Varicose veins is defined as dilated, tortuous and elongated veins in the lower limbs. Varicose veins are a common medical condition present in at least 10% of the general population1. Objective: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the demography, aetiology, distribution, pathophysiology and clinical features , the various modes of investigations and management of varicose veins in the lower limbs effectively ..............

Key Words: Duplex ultrasound, Saphenofemoral, Varicose vein

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