Series-1 (June-2019)June-2019 Issue Statistics
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Original Article: Petro graphic Analysis of Urinary Calculi |
Country | : | India |
Authors | : | Rajesh Narayan |
: | 10.9790/0853-1806010107 |
Abstract: Aim: - Urolithiasis is a global phenomenon. Accurate determination of a urolith yields fundamental information on calculogenesis, choosing treatment modalities and preventing recurrences. Integrated petro logical analysis provide the necessary signature for certainty and composition of a urolith. Methodology: - Urinary calculi have been analyzed and studied by different techniques with diverse merits and demerits. Uroliths are stones with crystalline and non-crystalline components. Petro logical analysis yield more information texture mineralogical features and greater accuracy in knowing the composition of urinary calculi. Result:......
Keywords Urolith, Urinary calculi, Petrography, X-ray diffraction, Chemical spot test, Polarized transmission Microscopy, Moh's Hardness Scale
[1]. Winer, J.H and Mattice, M.R. : Routine analysis of Urinary calculi, rapid , simple method using spot test. J.Lab & Clin. Med , 28:898-904;1943. Quoted by Beeler et al 1964.
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[3]. Carr , R.J:A new theory on the Formation of renal calculi. Br.J. Uro, 26:105-117,1954
[4]. Beeler, M.F; Veith, DA: Analysis of urinary Calculus – comparison of methods.Am.J.Clin.Path 1964.
[5]. Sutor, D.J and Wooley S.E: Composition of urinary calculi by x-ray diffraction Br.J. Urology 46,229,1974.
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Abstract: Introduction: Present study was conducted to assess the effect on the morphological and visual acuity outcomes associated with the use of single intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide or with the use of single intravitreal injection of bevacizumab treatment for RVO associated with macular edema. Methodology: This is prospective, randomized and open labeled study conducted on 64 patients of macular edema associated with retinal vein occlusion. All patients were grouped into two groups to receive either single intraviteral injection of 4mg/0.1 ml triamcinolone acetonide or single intravitreal injection 1.25mg/0.05 ml of bevacizumab.....
Keywords: Bevacizumab Macular Edema, Retinal Vein Occlusion, Triamcinolone Acetonide
[1]. Rogers SL, McIntosh RL, Lim L, Mitchell P, Cheung N, Kowalski JW, et al. Natural history of branch retinal vein occlusion: an evidence-based systematic review. Ophthalmology. 2010; 117(6): 1094-1101.e5.
[2]. Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Meuer SM. The epidemiology of retinal vein occlusion: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2000; 98: 133-41.
[3]. McAllister IL. Central retinal vein occlusion: a review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2012; 40(1): 48-58.
[4]. Coscas G, Loewenstein A, Augustin A, Bandello F, Battaglia Parodi M, Lanzetta P, et al. Management of retinal vein occlusion--consensus document. Ophthalmologica. 2011; 226(1): 4-28.
[5]. Aiello LP, Avery RL, Arrigg PG, Keyt BA, Jampel HD, Shah ST, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor in ocular fluid of patients with diabetic retinopathy and other retinal disorders. N Engl J Med. 1994; 331(22): 1480-7..
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Abstract: Aims and Objectives: To know the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV infection in multitransfusedthalassemic children &Correlation between these infections & liver function status.Setting&Design: Cross-sectional Observational Study, Inpatient pediatric ward in a tertiary care hospital Medical College, Kolkata. Subjects and methods: 100 patients with β-thalassemia major were enrolled and their sera were tested for HBsAg, anti-HCV antibodies & anti-HIV antibodies along with liver function test.Results: Twenty five (25%) & fifteen (15%) were positive for HCVAb&HIVAb respectively, seven(7%) were positive for both HCVAb&HIVAb and three(3%) were positive.........
Key Words: Beta thalassemia major, Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, Human Immune Deficiency Virus
[1]. Ardalan FA, Osquei MRF, Toosi MN, Irvanloo G. Synergic effect of chronic hepatitis C infection and betathalassemia major with marked hepatic iron overload onliver fibrosis: a retrospective cross-sectional study. BMCGastroenterology. 2004; 4:17.
[2]. Tong MJ, El-Farra NS, Reikes AR, Co RL. Clinical outcomes after transfusion- associated hepatitis C. N Engl J Med. 1995;vol 332; no 22; p1463 – 1466.
[3]. Angelucci E. Antibodies to hepatitis C virus in thalassemia. Haematologica. 1994; 79, Issue 4,353 – 355.
[4]. Mele A, Stroffolini T, Catapano R, Palumbo F, Moiraghi A, Novaco F. Incidence of transfusion-associated B and non-A, and non-B hepatitis in Italy. Br Med J. 1995; 311:846 – 847.
[5]. Wanachiwanawin W, Luengrojanakul P, Sirangkapracha P, Leowattana W, Fucharoen S.Prevalence & clinical Significance of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Thai Patients with Thalassemia. International Journal of Hematology. 2003; Vol 78, Number 4, Pages :374-378..
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Abstract: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) is a minimally invasive surgical modality for the management of most renal stones. Technological advancements and refinements have contributed to further lowering the morbidity associated with this procedure. Such refinements include the use of a smaller working sheath and nephroscope (mini PNL), avoidance of a nephrostomy tube (tubeless PNL). This modification in technique allows earlier discharge from the hospital, reduction in postoperative pain, and more rapid recovery. Present study was designed to compare the standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus tubeless nephrolithotomy. Aims & Objectives: Both the groups are compared and the main outcome measures were recorded which includes operating time, analgesia requirement, puncture site urinary leakage, puncture site blood leakage and hospital stay.......
Keywords: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy, nephrostomy, tubeless PCNL, renal calculus, ureteric calculus.
[1]. Soucie JM, ThunMJ, Coates RJ, McClellan , Austin H. Demographic and geographic variability of kidney stones in the United States. Kid Int 1994;46:893–899.
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[3]. Rosner F. Earlier therapies for urinary stones. JAMA 1986; 256: 1294.
[4]. Hosking DH, Erickson SB, Van den Berg CJ, Wilson DM, Smith LH.The stone clinic effect in patients with idiopathic calcium urolithiasis.J Urol. 1983 Dec;130(6):1115-8.
[5]. Passman CM, Holmes RP, Knight J, Easter L, Pais V, Assimos DG. Effect of soda consumption on urinary stone risk parameters.JEndourol.2009 Mar;23(3):347-50. doi: 10.1089/end.2008.0225.
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Abstract: Traffic police pursue a near sedentary type of work as they only stand at one place for long time or just walk a few meters only when necessity arises. Also they have to face arrogant mob, contact with criminals, accidents, loud noise daily for long time. The above mentioned factors poses a cardio vascular health hazard.(1) Study of different levels of exposure to automobile exhaust followed by repeated lipid profile for 4 years suggested that exposure to road traffic pollutants increases the risk of cardiovascular symptoms, specially blood pressure.(2) The heart rate of the police officers varies after getting some unavoidable or crucial news. Cardiovascular and hematological stresses........
Key Word: TP-Traffic police, CV- cardiovascular, HR- heart rate, BP -blood pressure Add for correspondence:- Dr. Nishant Tayal, D- 325 Shastri Nagar Meerut
[1]. Violanti J M , Vena J E , Marshall J R , Howe B. Disease risk and mortality of police officers: New evidence and contributory factors. J police Sci Admin (14) :17-23 (1984) .
[2]. Nakai S, Nitta H, Maeda K. Respiratory health associated with exposure to automobile exhaust n 111. Results of a cross-sectional study, and repeated pulmonary function tests from 1987 to 1990. Arch Environ Health 1999; 54 : 26-33 .
[3]. Wright B M , Mckerrow C B . Maximum forced expiratory flow rate as a measure of ventilator capacity with a description of a new portable instrument for measuring it . BMJ 1959 ; 2 : 1041 – 7 .
[4]. Anshel M H, A conceptual model and implications for coping with stressful events in police work. Criminal Justice and Behaviour, (27);375-400,(2000)
[5]. Hart P M, Wearing A J, Headey B, Police stress and well being: Integrating personality, coping and daily work experiences. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, (68):133-156(1995)
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Abstract: Thyroid diseases are common disorders affecting women of reproductive age group and hence constitute the commonest endocrine disorder in pregnancy also. According to ACOG, the prevalence of hypothyroidism in pregnancy is 2- 5%. Women with hypothyroidism are at an increased risk for early pregnancy loss , low birth weight, placental abruption, low IQ babies etc. So early detection and treatment prevents such adverse outcomes. Aim And Objective: To study the fetomaternal outcome among pregnant women with hypothyroidism. Study Design: This is a retrospective study that includes pregnant women from the year june 2017 to may 2018, which consists of 103 patients with hypothyroid in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Regional Institute........
Key Words: Hypothyroid, Pregnancy, Serum TSH
[1]. Dhanwal DK, Prasad S, Agarwal AK, Dixit V, Banerjee AK (2013) High prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism during first
trimester of pregnancy in North India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 17: 281-284.
[2]. Brain M (2006) Thyroid disease in pregnancy. Obstetrics and gynecology 108: 1283-1292.
[3]. Kuijpens JL, Vader HL, Drexhage HA, Wiersinga WM, van Son MJ, et al.(2001) Thyroid peroxidase antibodies during gestation
are a marker for subsequent depression postpartum. Eur J Endocrinol 145: 579-584.
[4]. Davis LE, Leveno KJ, Cunningham FG (1988) Hypothyroidism complicating pregnancy. Obstetrics and Gynecology 72-108-112
[5]. Leung AS, Millar LK, Koonings PP, Montoro M, Mestman JH(1993) Perinatal outcome in hypothyroid pregnancies. Obstetrics and Gynecology 81: 349-353.
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Abstract: High levels of Stressare causing a burnout in medical students with its associated ill effects on mental health. An enquiry into the correlation of this perceived Stress, with the more serious mental disorders like AnxietyandDepression,was performed in this study on125 first-year MBBS students. Results show a strong positive correlation of Stress with both Anxiety and Depression, with a highly significant statistical value, confirming the role of Stress as a contributory factor to these disorders, even in medical students. Background data collected from the medical students were also evaluated for determining socioeconomic class by employing Kuppuswamy's scale. 55% of the total........
Keywords: GAD-7, Kuppuswamy scale, PHQ-9, PSS-10, Socioeconomic classes
[1]. Willcock SM, Daly MG, Tennant CC, Allard BJ,Burnout and psychiatric morbidity in new medical graduates,Med J Aust, 181, 2004, 357-60.
[2]. Kumar SG, Kattimani S, Sarkar S, Kar SS, Prevalence of depression and its relation to stress level among medical students in Puducherry, India, Ind Psychiatry J, 26, 2017, 86-90
[3]. Rebello CR, Kallingappa PB, Hegde PG, Assessment of perceived stress and association with sleep quality and attributed stressors among 1styear medical students: A cross-sectional study from karwar, Karnataka, India, Tzu Chi Medical Journal, 30(4), 2018; 221–226.
[4]. Tapadar S, Bhattacharyya A, How much stressed are medical students? IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS), 18 (4:19), 2019, 25-30.
[5]. Erschens R, Herrmann-Werner A, et al, Differential determination of perceived stress in medical students and high-school graduates due to private and training-related stressors,PLoS One, 13(1), 2018, e0191831, doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191831 13:74-85..
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Abstract: Aims: To compare the outcome of two popular methods of repair of distal penile hypospadias cases (DPH) , namely Snodgrass (TIP) procedure and Mathieu perimeatal flap repair. Materials and methods: Total 60 number of DPH patients were subjected to repair by either Snodgrass (33 in number) or Mathieu (27 in number) randomly selected . Patients were later evaluated for cosmesis and complications and results were compared. Results: A total of 6 patients with Snodgrass repair had complications (18%) compared to 6 in Mathieu (22%) . Complications comprising urethrocutaneous fistula , meatal stenosis and stricture . Cosmesis was excellent to satisfactory in both the techniques except meatal orientation , which was vertical slitlike in Snodgrass repair compared to rounded in cases with Mathieu repair. Conclusions : Both Snodgrass and Mathieu urethroplasty gave comparable results in terms of cosmesis and complications in our hand . External meatus is vertically oval in Snodgrass repair compared to Mathieu repair where it is rounded.
Key Words: Distal penile hypospadias , Snodgrass urethroplasty , Mathieu urethroplasty
[1]. Koyle M A. Hypospadias: A 30 year personal journey. Scan J Surg. 2011; 100:250-255
[2]. P. Mathieu, `` Traitement en un temps de I`hypospadias balanique on juxtabalanique,`` Journal de Chirurgie, Vol. 39, pp. 481-486, 1932.
[3]. Snodgrass W. Tubularized , incised plate urethroplasty for distal hypospadias. J Urol 1994 ; 151: 464-5
[4]. Braga L H , Lorenzo A J , Salle J L. Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty for distal hypospadias : A literature review : Indian J Urol . 2008; 24:219-25
[5]. M. Hesham EL saket, Primary distal hypospadias repair: tubularised incised plate urethroplasty versus the perimeatal based flap, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, vol.28, no1, pp56-61, 2004
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Abstract: Various dimensions of violence exist in the home such as spousal abuse, child abuse and elderly abuse. A WHO study in 2005 revealed that domestic violence (DV) is the most common form of violence in women‟s lives (much more than assault or rape by strangers or acquaintances) and suggested it should be treated as a major public health issue.1 Records show that between 50% and 75% of women are subjected to DV in Nigeria.2 Nevertheless, it is a frequently neglected problem in most crisis centres, emergency wards and obstetrics and gynaecological emergency rooms.
[1]. World Health Organisation. Landmark study on domestic violence. Geneva, WHO, 2005 [cited 2019 March 10]. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2005/pr62/en/
[2]. Abayomi AA. Sociological implications of domestic violence on children‟s development in Nigeria. Acad J. 2014; 6(1): 8–13.
[3]. Aihie ON. Prevalence of domestic violence in Nigeria: implications for counselling. Edo J Couns. 2009; 2(1): 1–8.
[4]. World Health Organisation. Krug EG, Dahlberg LL, Mercy JA, Zwi AB, Lozano R., eds. World Report on Violence and Health. Geneva, WHO, 2002 [cited 2019 March 10]. Available from: http://www.who.int /violence_injury_prevention /violence/global_campaign/en/
[5]. Flury M, Nyberg E, Riecher-Rossler A. Domestic violence against women: definitions, epidemiology, risk factors and consequences. Swiss Med Wkly. 2010; 140:w13099.
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Abstract: The aim is to correlate the association between C-reactive protein, Plasma Fibrinogen and Hypercholestrolemia in patients with chronic periodontitis and healthy periodontium. This study shows that there is a distinct association between chronic periodontitis and cardiovascular disease.
Key Words: Chronic Periodontitis, CRP, HDL, Fibrinogen, CVD
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[2]. Anna C. Schorer, Charles F, Margeret F. Rick. IL-1 or Endotoxin increases the release of Von Willebrand factor from human endothelial cells. British Journal of Hematology 1987; 67: 193-197.
[3]. Antony M Iacopino and Christopher W Cutler. Pathophysiologic relationship between periodontitis and systemic disease recent concepts involving serum lipids. J Periodontal 2000; 71: 1375-1384.
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[5]. Barbara Noack, Robert J Genco , Serra Grossi. Periodontal infections contribute to elevated systemic C-reactive protein level. J periodontal 2001; 72: 1221-1227..
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Abstract: The aim of this case report was to introduce an alternative and economical approach for correction of a single tooth rotation using a removable appliance. A ten year old male patient reported to the Department of Pedodontics with a severely rotated left maxillary lateral incisor with generalised upper anterior spacing. A successful management of this case of 180° rotated maxillary left lateral incisor is described here.
Keywords: Central incisor, conservative approach, Mixed dentition, Severe rotated tooth.
[1]. Parisay I, Boskabady M, Abdollahi M, Sufiani M. Treatment of severe rotations of maxillary central incisors with whip appliance: Report of three cases. Dent Res J(Isfahan) 2014; Jan-Feb; 11(1): 133-139
[2]. Jahanimoghadam F, Momenidanayee S, Karimiafshar M. Correction of severe tooth rotation by using two different orthodontic appliances: Report of two cases. J Oral Health Oral Epidemiol 2016;5(1): 46-51.
[3]. Jahanbin A, Tanbakuchi B. Orthodontic Management of a Severely Rotated Maxillary Central Incisor in the Mixed Dentition: A Case Report. J Dent Mater Tech 2014; 3(2): 82-6.
[4]. Proffit WR, Fields JR. Contemporary Orthodontics. St. Louis: Mosby Co, 2000.
[5]. Scott GR, Potter RH, Noss JF, Dahlberg AA, Dahlberg T. The dental morphology of Pima Indians. Am J Phys Anthropol 1983 May;61(1):13-31..
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Abstract: Neural tube defects are associated with complications related to vesicoureteric reflux, urinary incontinence; recurrent urinary infections which all lead to severe renal damage which progress to renal scarring. Renal scarring with renal failure remains life threatening among the children who have a spinal dysraphism problem. In the case of spinal anomalies which include distortion of spinal roots, spinal cord or both are associated with neurological abnormalities which can affect the lower limbs of the patient. Therefore, in order to treat these problems management strategies like pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, surgical intervention and education can be effective. Moreover, early identification of the disease can be helpful for the treatment process and patients can avoid end-stage of the disease.
Keywords: Spina Bifida, Neurogenic bladder, urinary incontinence, neural tube, Meningomyelocele, Vesico-ureteric reflux
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[3]. Ahmad, I. and Granitsiotis, P., 2007. Urological follow‐up of adult spina bifida patients. Neurourology and Urodynamics: Official Journal of the International Continence Society, 26(7), pp.978-980.
[4]. Cahill RA, Kiely EA. The spectrum of urological disease in patients with spina bifida. Irish journal of medical science. Smellie JM, Tamminen-Mobius T, Olbing H, Classon I, Wikstad I, Jodal U, et al. Five year study of medical or surgical treatment in children with severe reflux: Radiologic renal findings.
[5]. The International Reflux Study in Children. Pediatr Nephro11992; 6: 223-230. 2003 Aug 1;172(4):180.
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Pathological Overview of Constipation in Children - Institutional Study |
Country | : | INDIA |
Authors | : | Dr.K.Rajani || Dr.H.Laxmi Vasavi |
: | 10.9790/0853-1806015962 |
Abstract: Introduction: Constipation is a common problem in the pediatric population. HIRSCHPRUNG'S DISEASE is a congenital condition, also known as congenital aganglionic megacolon. A newborn with Hirschsprung's disease is usually unable to have a bowel movement in the first days after birth. AIMS: To classify the types of Hirschprung's disease and incidence of total colonic aganglionosis among them and to analyze the sex incidence and age distribution of Hirschprung's disease in patients with constipation. Materials and methods: It was a retrospective study of 3 years duration. 52 cases were presented with different pathological diseases which were subjected to surgical biopsy whose chief complaint was constipation. Results: Out of 52 cases of constipation.........
Keywords: Hirschsprung's disease, aganglionosis, Constipation
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[2]. 2.Hiroyuki Kobayashi, Yiping Wang, Hitoshi Hirakawa, D. Sean O' Briain, and Prem Puri, Intraoperative Evaluation of Extent of Aganglionosis by a Rapid Acetylcholinesterase Histochemical Technique. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Vol. 30, No. 2 (February), 1995 : 248 -252.
[3]. Park SH, Min H, Chi JG, Park KW, Yang HR, Seo JK. Immunohistochemicalstudies of pediatric intestinal pseudo obstruction. BCL2, a valuable biomarker to detect immature enteric ganglion cells. Am J Surg Pathol. 2005; 29:1017- 24.
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[5]. Barshack I, Fridman E, Goldberg I, Chowers Y, Kopolovic J. The loss of calretinin expression indicates aganglionosis in Hirschsprung's disease. J Clin Pathol 2004; 57: 712-6.13..
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Abstract: We carried out a clinical study in the Dept. of Dermatology and Venereology, Cumilla Medical College Hospital, Cumilla, Bangladesh during the period from January 2017 to December 2017. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of three currently used treatment modalities for pemphigus. Sixty (60) patients of pemphigus (pemphigus vulgaris and severe cases of pemphigus vegetans, pemphigus foliaceous and pemphigus erythematosus) were divided into three groups. Thirty (30) patients were treated with Prednisolone, Fifteen (15) with a combination of Prednisolone plus azathioprine and 15 patients with betamethasone-cyclophosphamide pulse (BC) therapy. All patients were followed from 10 to 20 months (mean 15 months), There was no statistical difference.........
Keywords: Effectiveness, Prednisolone, Pemphigus vulgaris
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[4]. Seidenbaum M, David M, Sandbank M. The course and prognosis of pemphigus. A review of 115 patients. Int. J. Dermato!., 1988;27:580-4.
[5]. Spark RE Systemic corticosteroids. In: Fitzpatrick TB, Elsen AZ, Wolff K et al. eds. Dermatology in general medicine. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1987, pp. 2564-70.
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Abstract: Objectives: To describe the clinical features of septicaemia in neonates and young infants.To find out the various bacteriological profile of the septicaemia and their antibiotic susceptibility. Materials and methods:A cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics in Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal in collaboration with Department of Microbiology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal amongst 100 clinically suspected sepsis in neonates and young infants admitted in RIMS hospital based on inclusion criteria. Detailed history and clinical examination was taken and then blood culture and other necessary investigation was done.Chi-square test was employed to test the association and p-value of <0.05 was taken as significant.........
Keywords: Septicaemia,antibiotic susceptibility, antibiotic policy.
[1]. Mane AK, Nagdeo NV, Thombare VR. Study of neonatal septicaemia in a tertiary care hospital in rural Nagpur. J Recent AdvApplSci 2010 Jan;25:19-24.
[2]. Shah BA, Padbury JF. Neonatal sepsis: an old problem with new insights.Virulence 2014 Jan;5(1):170-8.
[3]. El-Din EMRS, El-Sokkary MMA, Bassiouny MR, Hassan R. Epidemiology of neonatal sepsis and implicated pathogens: a study from Egypt. Biomed Res Int 2015;1:1-11.
[4]. Bhutta ZA, Darmstadt GL, Ransom EI. Using evidence to save newborn lives: policy perspectives on newborn health. 2003. Available at :http://www.prb.org/pdf/UsingEvidenceNewborn.pdf. Accessed July 20, 2016.
[5]. Duke T, Oa O, Mokela D, Oswyn G, Hwaihwanje I, Hawap J. The management of sick young infants at primary health centres in a rural developing country. Arch Dis Child 2005 Feb;90(2):200-5.
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | A Clinico Epidemiological Study of Varicose Veins |
Country | : | India |
Authors | : | Dr S.Arun Prasath M.S. || Dr.k.S.Nanda Gopalakrishnan M.S |
: | 10.9790/0853-1806018091 |
Abstract: Background and objectives: Venous diseases of lower limb remain commonaffecting 20% of adult population. Objective of this study is to identify cases with primary varicose veins, evaluate with appropriate investigations, collect data and establish the clinical spectrum of complications in this population. Methods: Study was conducted on 50 consecutive patients with primary varicoseveins at Govt. thiruvarur medical college, thiruvarur. All cases of varicose veins presenting to the OPD were subjected to duplex scan to rule out secondary causes. Patients admitted with varicose veins who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study.. Patients who presented with bilateral disease got their symptomatic limb operated first while the other limb was treated conservatively Patients with saphenofemoral incompetence were treated with..........
Keywords: LSV,SSV, Varicose vein,Doppler,Sclerotherapy,Radiofrequencyablation, Trendelenburg operation, Compression bandage, Duplex scan
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[3]. T.Sakurai,P.C.Gupta,M.Matshushita,N.Nishikimi and Y. Nimura :Correlation of the anatomical distribution of venous reflux with clinical symptoms and venous haemodynamics in primary varicose veins: Br J Surg, Feb-1998, vol 85,213-216.
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[5]. J.Brittenden, A.W.Bradbury, P.L.Allan, R.J. prescott, D.R. Harper & C.V.Ruckley: Popliteal vein reflux reduces the healing of chronic venous ulcer: , Br J Surg Jan-1998,vol 85,60-62