iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-5 ~ May-2019

Abstract: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory immune-mediated arthritis belongs to the so called group of axial spondylarthritis (SPA) (1).Considerably, the onset of the disease occurs in patients between the third and the fourth decade of life, and if not treated effectively it can lead to disability in about third of the patients (2–6). The pathogenesis of AS is multifactorial and results from a complex interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental triggers (7)HLA B27, from its discovery in 1973,(8) represents the central genetic factor related to disease etiopathogenesis. However, about 10-20% of defined AS patients were HLA B27 negative(9).We aimed in this review to assess the role of different factors contribute to the outcome of the disease.

Keywords : Ankylosing Spondylitis, Spondyloarthropathy, HLA B27

[1]. Garcia-Montoya L, Gul H, Emery P. Recent advances in ankylosing spondylitis: understanding the disease and management. F1000Research. 2018;7(0):1512.
[2]. Raine C, Keat A. Axial spondyloarthritis. Med (United Kingdom) [Internet]. Elsevier Ltd; 2018;46(4):231–6. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31591-4
[3]. Rudwaleit M, Van Der Heijde D, Landewé R, Akkoc N, Brandt J, Chou CT, et al. The Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society classification criteria for peripheral spondyloarthritis and for spondyloarthritis in general. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70(1):25–31.
[4]. Raychaudhuri SP, Deodhar A. The classification and diagnostic criteria of ankylosing spondylitis. J Autoimmun. 2014;48–49:128–33.

Abstract: gall bladder stone is a rare finding in children. This report on the male infant who complained of vomiting since the first day of his life while he was on exclusive breastfeeding, also it is the first case reported in Benghazi medical center in Libya. It diagnosed by USS. With use of diagnostic USS, neonatal cholelithiasis may more common than previously suspected.

Key Words: Gallbladder stone, Infant, Cholelithiasis, USS.

[1]. Chabchoub I, Bouraoui A, Maalej B, Aloulou H, Mahfoudh A, Kamoun T, Hachicha M. Cholelithiasis in children: A single centre experience. Arab Journal of Gastroenterology. 2010; 11(4):215-8.
[2]. Brown DL, Teele RL, Doubilet PM, DiSalvo DN, Benson CB, Van Alstyne GA. Echogenic material in the fetal gallbladder: sonographic and clinical observations. Radiology. 1992; 182(1):73-6.

[3]. Agnifili A, Verzaro R, Carducci G, Mancini E, Gola P, Marino M, Tollis G, Rizzo FM, Criscione S. Fetal Cholelithiasis: a prospective study of incidence, predisposing factors and ultrasonographic and clinical features. ClinPediatr (Phila). 1999;38:371–3. doi: 10.1177/000992289903800610.

[4]. Palasciano G, Portincasa P, Vinciguerra V, Velardi A, Tardi S, Baldassarre G, Albano O. Gallstone prevalence and gallbladder volume in children and adolescents: an epidemiological ultrasonography survey and relationship to body mass index. Am J Gastroenterol. 1989; 84:1378–82. [5]. Gilger MA. Cholelithiasis and cholecystitis. In: Wyllie R, Hymas JS, eds. Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disease. Philadelphia:W.B. Saunders Co. 1993; pp.: 931–940

Abstract: Background: The immature brain seems more prone to seizures than the more mature brain. Seizures are more common in the neonatal period than during any other time throughout life. Seizures in the neonatal period are also the most common neurological emergency and are associated with high mortality and morbidity Objectives: To find out the clinical profile of seizures in neonates admitted in a Tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: The study was......

[1]. Mark S. Scher. Neonatal Seizures.In H. William Taeusch, Roberta A. Ballard and Christine A.Gleason. Avery's Disease of the Newborn. 8th Edition.P1005-1025.
[2]. BERG A, JALLON P, PREUX P. The epidemiology of seizure disorders in infancy and childhood: definitions and classifications. In: O Dulac et al (Eds), Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Pediatric Neurology, Part 1 (3rd edition), pp 381-398. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2013.
[3]. Alcover-Bloch E, Campistol J, Iriondo-Sanz M. Neonatal seizures, our experience. Rev Neurol. 2004; 38:808–812
[4]. Malik AR, Quddusi AI, Naila. Neonatal seizures, experience at Children Hospital and Institute of Child Health Multan. Pak J Med Sci 2013; 29(5):1128-1131
[5]. Sabzehei MK, Basiri B, Bazmamoun H. The Etiology, Clinical Type, and Short Outcome of Seizures in Newborns Hospitalized in Besat Hospital/ Hamadan/ Iran. Iran J Child Neurol. 2014 Spring 8(2):24-28...

Abstract: Aim:- Urolithiasis is a global phenomenon. Accurate determination of a urolith yields fundamental information on calculogenesis, choosing treatment modalities and preventing recurrences. Integrated petro logical analysis provide the necessary signature for certainty and composition of a urolith. Methodology:- Urinary calculi have been analyzed and studied by different techniques with diverse merits and demerits. Uroliths are stones with crystalline and non-crystalline components. Petro logical analysis yield more information texture mineralogical features and greater accuracy in knowing the composition of urinary calculi. Result: - Chemical spot test" showed 2% error in detecting calculi components. Petro logical assessment by X-ray diffraction based.......

Key words: - Urolith, Urinary calculi, Petrography, X-ray diffraction, Chemical spot test, Polarized transmission Microscopy, Moh's Hardness Scale.

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