iosr-JDMS   Volume-13 ~ Issue-9 ~ September-2014

Abstract: Osteoarthritis is the chronic musculoskeletal disorders. It is characterized by destruction of articular cartilage, proinflamatory mediator secretion and breakdown of cartilage matrix.MMP-9 and MMP-13 are biomarkers in matrix degradation in osteoarthritis. MMP-9 can activate pro MMP-13 and stimulates MMP-13 secretion, MMP-13 also can activate MMPs. NO (nitric oxide) is the essential production of catabolic factor in chondrocyte, it's caused by the cytokineproinflamatory responses. VEGF is the essential component for ossification and osteophyte formation.Recent studies suggest that activation of PPAR-γ with pioglitazone (agonist PPAR-γ) is an interesting target for the disease. PPAR-γ is a transcription factor that is also expressed in chondrocytes. The aim of this study to determine the effects of pioglitazone on MMP-9, MMP-13, NO, VEGF, TNF-αsecretion andPPAR-γ expressionby chondrocytes.The sample of this research is chondrocyte cell line induced by IL-1β then exposed with pioglitazone. MMP-9, MMP-13,VEGF and TNF-α were measured using ELISA, NOwas measured using colorimetry assay, PPAR-γ expression was measured by real time PCR. Pioglitazone exposure increased PPARγ expression significantly, and in contrast they are also decreaseMMP-9, MMP-13, NO, VEGF and TNF-αsecretion in all groups. This results show that pioglitazone have a role for treatmentin osteoarthritis by decreasing catabolic and inflamatory responses of chondrocyte.

Keywords: Pioglitazone, MMP-9, MMP-13, NO, VEGF, TNF-α, PPAR-γ

[1]. Petersen, W. Tsokos, M. Pufe, T. 2002. Expression of VEGF121 and VEGF165 in hypertrophic chondrocytes of the human growth plate and epiphyseal cartilage. J. Anat. 2002 201, PPARγ 153 –157.
[2]. H. Fahmi, J. Martel-Pelletier, JP.Pelletier, andM.Kapoor, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in osteoarthritis,Mod Rheumatol, 21, 2011, 1–9
[3]. Vincenti M. And Brinckerhoff, C. 2001. Transcriptional Regulation of Collagenase (MMP1, MMP13) Genes in Arthritis : Integration of Complex Signalling Pathways for the Recruitment of Gne-specific Transcription Factors. Arthritris res 2002, 4:157-164.
[4]. Alejandro M. Florian. IL-1 and it's role in osteoarthritis. Open Journal Of medicine. 2011,1-5
[5]. T. Aigner, S. Soeder, andJ. Haag, IL-1beta and BMPs--interactive players of cartilage matrix degradation and regeneration,Eur Cell Mater, 12, 2006, 49-56

Abstract: Morphometric study of submandibular salivary gland in 30 normal human fetuses at different stages of development was done. Morphometric parameters studied in fetal submandibular glands were length and breadth of glands. It was observed that with increase in gestational age of fetuses, there was gradual increase in morphometric parameters of fetal submandibular salivary glands of both sides.

Keywords: fetuses, histogenesis, human, morphometry, submandibular salivary gland.

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Abstract: Osteosarcoma is the most common histological form of primary bone cancer. It is an aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from primitive transformed cells of mesenchymal origin that exhibit osteoblastic differentiation and produce malignant osteoid. The most common form of treatment is removal of the lesion. Limb-sparing procedures can often be used to preserve function. Chemotherapy is also required to treat micrometastatic disease, which may be present, but not detectable in most patients at initial diagnosis. We present a proximal anteromedial tibial metaphysical Osteosarcoma in a 51 year-old adult male. Diagnosis was confirmed by radiography and histopathology. Pre-up palliative care, en bloc resection of the tumor with the patella and iliac graft reconstruction and post-operative chemotherapy were performed. After multi-step surgeries, the patient made full clinical and symptomatic recovery. Further 4 and 10 years follow ups revealed a promising outcome.

Keywords: Autograft, knee, Osteoarticular Autograft, Osteosarcoma, patellar grafting

[1]. Ottaviani G, Jaffe N. (2009): The epidemiology of osteosarcoma. Cancer Treat Res. 152:3-13.
[2]. Atesok KI, Alman BA, Schemitsch EH, Peyser A, Mankin H: Osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma: J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2011 Nov; 19(11):678-89.
[3]. Harris IE, Leff AR, Gitelis S, Simon MA: Function after amputation, arthrodesis, or arthroplasty for tumors about the knee (1990): J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1990 Dec; 72(10):1477-85.
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[5]. Barrett GR, Noojin FK, Hartzog CW, Nash CR. (2002): Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament in females: A comparison of hamstring versus patellar tendon autograft: Arthroscopy. 2002 Jan; 18(1):46-54.

Abstract: Thymolipoma is a rare benign tumor of the anterior mediastinum with mean age of incidence of 20 to 30 years with rare occurrence in children. All clinicians are not aware of this entity and so the diagnosis is easily missed. It is defined as a mass forming lesion composed of circumscribed mature adipose tissue and unremarkable thymus. I present a case of 4-year-old child with history of breathlessness. USG chest of the child had revealed a space occupying mass in the anterior mediastinum of 5 x 6 x 4 cms. On resection, the 550 gm weight mass showed capsulated, soft to firm, yellowish-tan colored areas. Sections from the mass showed predominantly adipose tissue containing interconnecting cords of thymus. Although rare, thymolipoma must be considered in the differential diagnosis of anterior mediastinal tumors.

Keywords: Anterior mediastinal tumor, Mediastinum, Thymolipoma

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