iosr-JDMS   Volume-13 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2014

Abstract: Background: Breast cancer is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in women. Certain reproductive and epidemiologic factors are associated with this disease. This study aims at documenting some epidemiological and reproductive characteristics of women diagnosed with breast cancer. Study Design: A retrospective study. Place and Duration of Study: All women who had had histological diagnosis of breast cancer at the Niger Delta University teaching hospital, Okolobiri between January 2010 and December, 2012 were retrospectively studied. Method: Relevant information was obtained from patients' case notes and admissions and discharge register. Information obtained was recorded on a proforma.
Keywords: breast cancer, age, parity, menarche.

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[2]. Jamal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Murray T, Xu J, Smigal C, Thun MJ: Cancer statistics 2006. CA: A Cancer J Clin 2005; 56(2): 106-130.
[3]. Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P. Global cancer stistics. 2002. CA Cancer J Clin. 2005; 55: 74-108.
[4]. Adebamowo CA, Ajayi OO. Breast cancer in Nigeria. West Afr J Med. 2000; 19: 179-191.
[5]. American Cancer Society: Breast Cancer Facts & Figures 2005 – 2006. American Cancer Society Inc. Atlanta 2005.
[6]. Mayberry RM, Stoddard- Wright C. Breast cancer risk factors among black and white women: Similarities and differences. American Journal of Epidemiology. 1993; 136 (12): 1445-1456.
[7]. Anyanwu SN. Breast cancer in Eastern Nigeria: A ten year review. W Afr J Med. 2000; 19(2): 120-125.
[8]. Okobia MN, Osime U. Clinicopathological study of carcinoma of the breast in Benin City. AJRH. 2001; 5(2): 56-62.
[9]. Ihekwaba FN. Breast cancer in Nigerian women. Br J Surg. 1992; 79: 771-775.
[10]. Jedy- Agba E, Curado MP, Ogunbiyi O, Oga E, Fabowale Igbinoba F, Osubor G, Otu T, Kumai H, Koechlin A, Osinubi P, Dakum P, Blattner W, Adebamowo CA. Cancer Epidemiol. 2012; 36(5): e271-278.

Abstract: The relationship of lingula to the inferior alveolar nerve is of clinical significance to dental surgeons in oral and maxillofacial surgical procedure.This study aims to investigate the shape of the lingula in relation to surrounding structures for sagittal ramus osteotomy, for this purpose 102 dried North Indian mandibles were studied and compared with other races. In our study we found that the incidence of triangular lingula was 50% followed by truncated type lingula (33.82%) then nodular type lingula (11.76%) and least frequent incidence of assimilated type lingula (2.9%) was found in the population of North India.
Keywords: assimilated,inferior alveolar nerve,lingula,triangular, truncated.

[1] Tuli A, Choudhry R, Choudhry S, Raheja S And Agarwal S Variation in shape of the lingula in the adult human mandible. Journal of Anatomy, 2000, vol. 197, n. 2, p. 313-317.
[2] Devi R, Arna N, Manjunath K Y, Balasubramanyam Incidence of morphological variants of mandibular lingual. Indian J Dent Res., 2003, Oct-Dec;14(4):210-3. [3] Kositbowornchai S, Siritapetawee M, Damrongrungruang T, Khongkankong W, Chatrchaiwiwatana S, Khamanarong K, Chanthaooplee T Shape of the lingula and its localization by panoramic radiograph versus dry mandibular measurement. Surg Radiol Anat., 2007, Dec;29(8):689-94.
[4] Lopes, PTC., Pereira, GAM. and Santos, AMPV. Morphological analysis of the lingula in dry mandibles of individuals in Southern Brazil J. Morphol. Sci., 2010, vol. 27, no. 3-4, p. 136-138.

Abstract: The objective of this study is to compare the changes in rate and indication of Caesarean section during 2005 and 2012 after a gap of 7 years. Study Design: Comparative Study. Material and Methods: In this comparative study, 2 years data i.e. of 2005 and 2012 was collected from Hospital record. 2 years data were compared fort Caesarean section rate and trends of indication of Caesarean section. Results: The results showed that in year 2005 the rate of Caesarean section was 13.94% and in year 2012 it increased to 25.68%. In both years the main indication of Caesarean section was previous Caesarean section followed by dystocia and foetal distress. Conclusion: It is suggested to have obstetric audit by inter departmental meetings to assess the intrinsic role of Caesarean section in influencing the standard management guidelines.
Keywords: Caesarean section, Changing trends, Indication, Audit.

[1] Thomas J, Paranjothy S; Royal College of Obstetrician and gynecologist: Clinical effectiveness support unit. The Nation Sentinel caesarean section Audit report London. RCOG press, 2001.
[2] Hamilton BE, Ventura SJ, Martin JA; Sulton PD. Preliminary births for 2004: Infant and maternal health. Health E - Stats. Released Nov 15, 2005.
[3] Thomas J, Paranjothy S; Royal College of Obstetrician and gynecologist: Clinical effectiveness support unit. The Nation Sentinel caesarean section Audit report London RCOG press, 2001.
[4] Belizan JM, Althabe F; Barros FC; et al. Rates and implications of caesarean section in Latin America: ecological study. BMJ 1999; 319: 1397-402.
[5] Rutkow IM: Obstetric and gynecologic operation in the United States, .1979 to 1984. Obstt. Gynecol 1986;76:755-9
[6] Martin JA: Hamilton BE: Ventura SJ, et al: births: Final data for 2001. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2002; 51:1-102.
[7] Treffers PE, Pel M: The rising trends for caesarean birth. BMJ 1993; 307: 1017-1018
[8] Royal College of Obstetrician and gynaecologist. The national sentinel caesarean section audit report RCOG clinical effectiveness support unit London, RCOG press, 2001.
[9] Murray SF, Serani Pradenas F: Caesarean birth trends in Chile, 1986 to 1994. Birth 1997;24:258-263.
[10] Haider G, Zehra N, Munir AA, Haider A. Frequeny and indication of caesarean section in a tertiary care hospital. Pak J Med Sci 2009:25(5)791-796.

Abstract: We report a 65 year old female who presented with Left iliac fossa mass for three months with pain for ten days. Ultrasound and CT scans have revealed a lymphoma involving the descending colon. Colonoscopy was normal. At mini laparotomy, the mass was found to be arising from jejunum, with impending obstruction. A Jejunal resection was carried out. Following stable first three post-operative days, the patient developed septicemia. Review CT scan revealed, non-perfused, gangrenous bowel. At relook laparotomy, there was extensive small bowel gangrene along the drainage territories of Superior mesenteric vein. Patient succumbed to septic shock on fourth post-operative day.
Keywords: Jejunal Lymphoma, Superior Mesenteric Vein (SMV) Thrombosis, Gangrene small bowel, Computerized Tomography (CT). Mesenteric Vein Thrombosis (MVT).

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