IOSR-JAVS   Volume-9 ~ Issue-11 ~ NOV-2016

ABSTRACT: Uttarakhand is a hill state, situated in central Himalaya. It differs from the plains in topography, elevation, geographic features, ethnic diversity, land use system, socio-economic conditions and diversity of habitats for flora and fauna. Among the diversity of habitats for flora, weeds cause enormous reduction in crop yield, wastage of resources and human energy and are also a health hazard to human being. Therefore, adequate and timely suppression of weeds is essential. Detail information about the weeds of any region is essential for deciding a weed control method.............

Keywords: Bharsar, weed, diversity, family, identification

[1] Jethro Tull, Horse Hoeing Husbandry. (Berkshire MDCC 1731), 33.

[2] Zimdahl, R. L., Fundamentals of Weed Science, 2nd edn., (Academic Press, San Diego, CA., 1999) 556.
[3] Macneish, R.S., The origin of new world cultivation, Science American 211, 1964, 29-37.
[4] DeWet, J.M.J., and J.R., Harlan, Weeds and Domesticates: Evolution in the man-made habitat, Economic Botany, 29, 1975, 99-107.
[5] Das, T.K. Weed science basics and applications (New Delhi, India: Jain Brothers, 2011).

ABSTRACT: This research aims to estimate the profit function by farmers as well as analyzing the efficiency of the economy and the price relative to rice farming in two typologies of wetlands are swamps and tidal lowland. The analysis showed that the price of the means of production in the research area is very influential on the profitability of rice farming so that the increase in production means a high price will lead to a decrease in profits, which in turn will lower the level of welfare of farmers. Under optimal conditions where maximum profit is reached, the effect of input prices and the number of input variables............

Keywords: Rice farming, the function of profits, business scale, the relative efficiency.

[1] Alihamsyah T. 2005. Swamp Land Development for Agricultural Enterprises. Banjarbaru: Swamp Land Agricultural Research Center of Agricultural Research and Development Agency.
[2] Diaz D, Green GP. 2001. Growth management and agriculture: An examination of local Efforts to manage growth and preserve farmland in Wisconsin Cities, Villages, and Towns. J Rural Sociology 66: 317-341.
[3] Feiock RC, Tavares AF, Lubell M. 2008. Policy instrument choices for growth management and land use regulation. J The Policy Studies Journal 36: 461-480.
[4] Gorsevski PV, Donevska KR, Mitrovski CD, Frizado JP. 2012. Integrating multicriteria evaluation techniques with geographic information systems for landfill site selection: A case study using an ordered weighted average. Waste Management 32: 287-296.
[5] Guo YH. 2012. Using Remote Sensing and GIS to Monitor and Predict Urban Growth-Case Study in Alachua County, Florida [dissertation]. Florida: the Graduate School of the University of Florida, United State of America

ABSTRACT: The semi parasitic plants causes the most serious and economically important diseases of forest trees in Turkey. So infection severity of mistletoe species were calculated according to hosts in Eastern Mediterranean Region. This study was carried out to determine the hosts and severity infection of Viscum, Arceuthobium and Loranthus species which cause problems on the forest and fruit trees. According to these surveys, the ratio of infection severity of Viscum album subsp. abietis was determined moderate to severe (9.73%) on Abies cilicica subsp cilicica............

Keywords: Semi parasites, mistletoe species, host, pine, oaks and severity infection

[1]. Miller AG 1982. Arceuthobium Bieb. and Viscum album L. (Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands), University Press, Edinburgh.
[2]. Ball PW 1993. Viscum L. In flora Europaea. p. 86. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK.
[3]. Hawksworth FG and Scharpf RF 1986. Spread of European mistletoe (Viscum album L.) in California, US. European J. Forest Pathology.16:1-5.
[4]. Hawksworth FG and Wiens D 1996. Dwarf mistletoes: Biology, pathology and systematics. Agric. Handb. 709. Washington DC: US Department of agriculture. 410 pp. [online] Available: http://www.rms.nau.edu/publications/ah_709.
[5]. Calder DM and Bernhardt P 1983. The Biology of mistletoes. Acedemicpress, New York, USA.