IOSR-JAVS   Volume-7 ~ Issue-9 ~ SEP-2014

ABSTRACT: This study was carried out to investigate the proximate and phytochemical constituents of young leaves of Myrianthus arboreus and Spargonophorus sporgonophora. The result of the proximate analysis revealed that M. arboreus leaves contained moisture content of 40.10±0.14%, crude fat of 6.45±0.18%, ash of 3.30 ± 0.16, protein of 3.56±0.10%, Crude fibre of 3.74±0.14%, dry matter of 70.30 ± 0.57% and carbohydrate of 12.58 ± 0.10 % while S. sporgonophora leaves contain moisture content (3.20 ± 0.84%), Crude Fat (6.01± 0.01%), ash (3.52±0.18%), Protein (4.20 ± 0.00%), Crude fibre (3.74±0.01%) and dry matter (8.10±0.14%). Results of the mineral analysis showed that their leaves contained high concentrations of Calcium, Sodium, Iron and Potassium. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkanoids, flavonoids, Tannins and Glycosides. Concentrations of flavonoids and alkanoids were high in the two species. Saponins were absent in M. arboreus while phenols was not found in S. sporgonophora. The results of this study indicated that these local vegetables contained mineral elements and secondary metabolites that are good sources of nutrients for human diet and therapeutic uses.

Key words: Phytochemical constituents, therapeutic, proximate analysis, Myrianthus arboreus, Spargonophorus sporgonophora.

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ABSTRACT: A thorough understanding of the radiation balance over a crop canopy and the accurate estimation of different components of net radiation over the crop surface assume a great significance in terrestrial ecosystem. Considering its importance a field experiment was conducted at agricultural farm of GBPUA&T Pantnagar during rabi season of 2012-13 to estimate partitioning of energy balance components by using Bowen Ratio Energy Balance (BREB) method at different phenological stages of wheat. The BREB method was used to obtain field energy balance, including latent heat flux, soil heat flux. These measurements were coupled with radiation measurement at the soil surface to partition energy balance component at different phenological stages of wheat viz. Crown root initiation (CRI), tillering, jointing, heading, flowering, grain filling, soft dough and hard dough stage .It was found that net radiation (Rn) was the major portion of energy balance component. The values varied between 6.02 to 27.6 MJm-2d-1 at various growth stages of wheat crop. Similarly, latent heat flux (LE) ranged between 2.11 to 12.79 MJm-2d-1 during the crop season. In the present study in different phenological stages of wheat, latent heat flux varied between 3.59 to 15.25 MJm-2d-1. The ground heat flux varied from 0.31 to 0.88 MJm-2d-1 in different stages. The peak midday ground heat flux decreased gradually from crown root initiation to soft dough stage because of increasing soil coverage. It can be concluded from the present study that Bowen ratio approach is an efficient technique of measurement of energy balance. This method, as applied, can accurately estimate energy balance component for wheat crop in Tarai region of Uttarakhand.

Key word: Latent heat flux(LE), Phenological stages, Crown root initiation, Net radiation, Soft dough stage, BREB method

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[4]. Todd, R.W., Evett, S.R. and Howell, T.A. 2000. The Bowen-ratio-energy balance method for estimating latent heat flux of irrigated alfalfa evaluated in semi arid, advective environment. Agric. For. Met. 103: 335-348.
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ABSTRACT: Individual effects of xylazine, diazepam and ketamine were studied on haemoglycemic values of 30 minor surgical cases of adult dogs. Dogs having similar weight and age were divided into three groups (A, B, C), each with 10 dogs. Groups A, B and C were treated with selected dosages of xylazine (1.1 mg/kg, i.v), diazepam (0.5 mg/kg, i.v) and ketamine (10 mg/kg, i.v), respectively. Blood sampling was carried at regular time intervals before and after drug administration as follows: 0 minute, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, and 8 hours followed by serological assay using 'Glucose Liquicolor kit' to determine the haemoglycemic values. Test results revealed that xylazine, diazepam and ketamine cause significant increase in serum glucose level as compared to the base line reference value when used intravenously (P<0.05). It is concluded that xylazine, diazepam and ketamine along with the surgical stress raise the haemoglycemic level so extra care should be taken when using these drugs especially in cases already showing high haemoglycemic values.

Keywords: Diazepam,Glucose Liquicolor kit, Haemoglycemic effects,Ketamine, Xylazine,

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ABSTRACT: High-frequency somatic embryogenesis and complete plant regeneration from leaf explants of Coleus forskohlii Briq had been established. The influence of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on the frequency of somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration were studied. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) alone or both with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), were superior for somatic embryogenesis. Primarily, embryogenic callus was initiated from leaf explants of young plant on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (1.0mgl-1), 3% sucrose and 0.9% agar in three weeks. Embryogenic callus transferred on 2,4-D and BAP-supplemented medium favored induction of embryos in advance as compared to that on 2,4-D alone supplemented medium. The highest frequency (80 %) of direct somatic embryogenesis was obtained in the combination of BAP (1.0 mg/l) and 2,4-D (0.5 mg/l). Eighty percent of the embryos underwent maturation and conversion to plantlets upon transfer to half-strength MS medium having α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), with BAP. Embryo-derived plantlets were transferred onto specially made plastic cup containing soilrite followed by their transfer to the garden soil. Survival rate of the plantlets under ex vitro condition was 80%.

Key words: Coleus forskohlii Briq, Leaf explants, Somatic embryogenesis, Regeneration, etc.

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