IOSR-JAVS   Volume-10 ~ Issue-6 ~ JUNE-2017

ABSTRACT: The study was undertaken on nutritional status of rural women with the sample size of 200 respondents. Nutritional status reflects the health of a person and is influenced by the quality of foods eaten. Mean anthropometric measurement of rural women were 153.8 cm of height, 46.8 kg of weight. On comparison with the mean BMI standards, it was observed that 20 per cent of women were under nourished, 64 per cent of women were normal and 16 per cent women were obese. On comparison with the mean waist/hip ratio with standards, it was observed that 84 per cent were in normal category and 16 per cent were obese. Education, land holding, income and age had significant positive association with anthropometric measurements of rural women. The deficient level of hemoglobin existed in 53 per cent of rural women. The occurrence of morbidity symptoms was higher in rural women

Keywords: Anthropometry, Body Mass index, Hemoglobin, Nutrient deficiency, Rural women

[1]. JAIN, AND SINGH, 2013, A study on the nutritional status of women in the age group of 25-50 years working in sedentary job in jaipur city. The ind. J .Nutr. Diet. 40: 91-98.
[2]. JELLIFEE, D.B., 1966, Nutritional anthropometry. The assessment of the nutritional status of the community, WHO press, Geneva, p. 50-78.
[3]. LEAN, M.E., HAN, T.S. AND MORRISON, C.E., 1995, Waist circumference as a measurement for indicating need for weight management. British medical Journal. 11: 638-642.
[4]. MENON, K., SHEAFF, S., THOMSON, C., GRAY, A., AND FERGUSON, L., ABHAY, S., KUMAR, D., TOTYA, G.S., AND PANDAV, C.S., 2011, Concurrent micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent in non-pregnant rural and tribal women from Central India. Nutrition. 2011, 27(4): 496-502.
[5]. MUSEBE, R.O. AND KUMAR, P., 2002, Dietary pattern and nutritional status of rural household in characters.Agril economics Reasearch Reviews, Vol., 15(2): 111-122.

ABSTRACT: Cysticercosis of farm and wild animals is caused by the larval stages (metacestodes) of cestodes (tapeworms). Damage to tissues has been described in the cells of host infected with different species of Taenia. This damage is due to the increased amount of reactive oxygen radicals, which cause oxidative stress. Lipids, hepatocytic proteins and DNA are among the structures that are mostly affected by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species; resulting in functional and structural abnormalities, particularly in the liver. The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of T. Hydatigena on oxidative modifications of hepatocytes in sheep. Liver samples were taken from domestic and imported sheep slaughtered.............

Keywords: liver toxicity, cysticercosis, biochemical measurements, Tania hydatigina , RAPD-PCR.

[1] Ahmadi, N.A. and Badi, F. 2011. Human hydatidosis in Tehran, Iran: A retrospective epidemiological study of surgical cases between 1999 and 2009 at two University Medical Centers. Trop Biomedicine 28: 450-456.
[2] Alshaikh, M.A. ;Aljumaah, R.S. ; Al-Haidary, A. ; Alforaji, M.M. 2004. Genotyping and Improving Production Performance of Najdi Sheep in The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud.
[3] Andreyev A. Y.; Kushnareva Y. E. and Starkov A. A. 2005. "Mitochon- drial metabolism of reactive oxygen species," Biochem, 70 (2): 200–214.
[4] Assady, M.; Farahnak, A.; Golestani, A. and Esharghian, M. 2011. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity assay in Fasciola spp. Parasites and liver tissue extract. Iran J. Parasitol. , 6(4): 17-22.
[5] Bello, A.R.R.; Fortes, E.; Bello-Klein, A.; Bello, A.A.; Llesuy, S.F.; Rabaldo, R.B.; Bianchini, A. 2000. Lipid peroxidation induced by Clinostomumdetruncatum in muscle of the fresh water fish Rhamdiaquelen. Dis. Aquatic Org., 42: 233-236.

ABSTRACT: The angelwing clams or known locally as 'siput mentarang'; Pholas orientalis, can be one of the potential species for aquaculture industries in Malaysia and hopefully in near future it can be an option for farmers to culture the clams. As most bivalves culture system, the seeds are obtained naturally and collected by farmers on certain time of the year. Thus, knowledge of the clam's life-cycle will be advantageous in aquaculture especially in farm's planning and scheduling. Three locations in Kedah, Perak and Selangor have been selected for this study. The samples were collected periodically using a systematic sampling method starting from March 2015 to April 2016 at each sampling sites. Plankton net was used to collect the eggs, larvae and umbo stage of P. orientalis, while soil samples were collected at depth of about 0.5m using a scoop for juvenile and adult stage analysis, and soil quality. The study showed that the three locations had different seasonal timing of the life-cycle developmental stages of the clams. A combination of abiotic factors such as temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and nutrient may contribute to the differences of the developmental stages of P. orientalis within the study areas. It was found that the abundance of food (planktons) contributed greatly to the life cycle timing of the clams.

Keywords: Angelwing clams, aquaculture, life-cycle, Pholas orientalis

[1] Ablan, G. J., The diwal fishery of Occidental Negros. Philippine, Journal of Sci., 66, 1938, 379-385.
[2] Amornjaruchit, S. (1988). Economically important molluscan shellfish of Thailand. In: Bivalve Mollusc Culture Research in Thailand, ICLARM Tech Rep 19. McCoy E. W., Chongpeepien T. (eds), pp 1-18. Dep. Fish. Bangkok, Thailand; ICLARM, Manila, Philippines and Deutsche Ges. Tech. Zusammenarb, GmbH, Eschborn, FRG.

[3] Davidson, A., Seafood of South-East Asia, Federal Publications, Singapore, 1976, 366
[4] Saraya, A. (1982). Thailand. In: Bivalve Culture in Asia and the Pacific. Davy, F.B., Graham, M. (Editors). pp73-78. Proc. Workshop held in Singapore on 16-19 February 1982. Int. Dev. Res. Center, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
[5] Tokrisna, R., Tugsinavisuitti, S., Kaoian, S., and Kantangkul, P. (1985). Marketing System of Shellfish Products. AFSSRN: Thailand Research Report. Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.Mussel and Oyster Culture, 359.

ABSTRACT: A study was carried out for comparison of cost and returns of major food crops under rainfed condition and bore well situation in Central Dry Zone of Karnataka (CDZ) in 2014-15. In CDZ, paddy, ragi, maize and groundnut are the major crops. To analyse cost and returns, the techniques such as tabular method with percentage, numbers and market approach were used. Random sampling technique was employed in the selection of 90 farmers for the study, which comprises of 45 irrigated farmers and 45 rainfed farmers. The secondary data regarding area, production and productivity data of the madhugiri taluk of Tumakuru district were collected from the district website for the year 2013–14 for sample selection based on area dominance. The study showed that cost and net returns for borewell irrigated paddy were Rs. 56225 ha-1 and Rs. 34091 ha-1, respectively. Among these crops, cost of cultivation............

Keywords: Central Dry Zone, cost and net returns, rainfed situation, borewell

[1]. Anonymous, 2013a. http://www.isec.ac.in, Accessed on 2013.
[2]. Anonymous, 2013b, http://raitamitra.kar.nic.in, Accessed on 2013.
[3]. Anonymous, 2013c, http://tumkur.nic.in, Accessed on 2013.
[4]. Anonymous, 2014, www.indiabudget.nic.in, Accessed on 2014.
[5]. Anonymous, 2015, www.eands.dacnet.nic.in, Accessed on 2015.

ABSTRACT: Soil pedons studied of Onwu floodplain in Cross River State, Nigeria for physic-chemical properties of whole-soil and water-stable aggregates 4.75 – 2.00, 2.00 – 1.00, 1.00 – 0.50, 0.50 – 0.25 and < 0.25 mm. Whole-soil and WSA relative distributions of organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorus were evaluated under two tillage systems CT and NT. Nearness to the river affected the SOC distribution within the WSA with high values of SOC obtained from WSA 4.75 – 2.00 mm mostly in pedons nearest to river. SOC concentrations whole-soil and aggregate 4.75 – 2.00 mm of CT were ( p < 0.05 ) in pedon, horizon recorded ( p < 0.01 ) whole-soil and other aggregates sizes except aggregate 0.50 – 0.25 mm, interaction ( p < 0.05 ). Under NT whole-soil, 4.75 – 2.00 and 1.00 – 0.50 mm aggregates were ( p < 0.05 ) among pedons, while whole-soil and 4.75 – 2.00 mm aggregate were ( p < 0.01 ) among horizons............

Keywords: Soil organic carbon, water-stable aggregates, floodplain, carbon – nitrogen ratio, soil pedons

[1]. Ahn, P. (1979). West African Soils. Oxford University Press. Pp. 35.
[2]. Allison, L. E. (1965). Organic carbon In Black, C. A. (Eds). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Amer, Soc. Agron, 9pp.1367-1378.
[3]. Angers, D. A.,A. Pesant, and J. Vigneux. ( 1992 ). Eaely cropping-induced changes in soil aggregation, organic matter, and microbial biomass. Soil Sci Soc. Am. J. 56 :115 – 119.
[4]. Beare, M. H., R, W. Parmelee, P. F. Hendrix, W. Cheng, D.C. Coleman, and D.A. Crossley, Jr, ( 1992 ) Microbial and fauna interaction and effects on litter nitrogen and decomposition in agroecosystem. Ecol. Monogr, 62: 569 – 591.
[5]. Blevins, R. L, M. S. Smith, and G. W. Thomas ( 1984 ). Changes in soil properties under no-tillage. P. 190 – 230. In R. E. Philip and S .H. Philips (ed) No-tillage agriculture: Principles and practices.Van Nostrand Reinhold,New York.

ABSTRACT: Avian influenza (AI) is a contagious infectious disease caused by three RNA viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae and genus influenza virus. There are three types of influenza viruses (A, B and C.Type A influenza virus is defined as highly pathogenic AI (HPAI) or Lowly pathogenic AI (LPAI) by its ability to cause severe disease in intravenously inoculated young chickens in the laboratory, or by its possession of certain genetic features associated with HPAI viruses.All cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza due to virus strains belong to the H5 and H7.A (H5N1) virus isolated from animals and humans since 2003 are divided into two (2) distinct genetic groups, closely related to each other. Since the appearance of HPAI in 2003 in several South-East Asian countries, outbreaks of the disease have been recorded in Central and Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Africa. This has disastrous consequences for the poultry industry in these regions and raised serious public health concerns. Thistook global dimension............

Keywords: avian influenza, disease, etiology, epidemiology, transmission, virus

[1]. World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), Avian Influenza, International terrestrialCode (2016).
[2]. http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza-citations.pdf.
[3]. World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), International terrestrial Code (2013).
[4]. World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), Avian Influenza, International terrestrial Code (2014).
[5]. World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), Avian Influenza,International terrestrial Code (2017).

ABSTRACT: The study aimed to know the quality and safety of some canned food products which sold out of its suitable place, by using microbiological detection of (10) of these samples collected randomly from hawkers who sell these products in the sidewalk of different places in the market of Baghdad city. Microbiological analysis results demonstrated that all of these samples are safe and valid for human consumption compared with Iraqi standard of microbial limitation in food.

Keywords: food products, quality and safety, canned food.

[1]. Food and Agriculture Organization. (1999). The importance of food quality and safety in developing countries. Food Security Committee / FAO.
[2]. Albilany, Shammon. (1988). Qualiy control and food standard. Edition Almosel-Iraq.
[3]. Sagidy, Adel. (2000). Food Industries, Part 1. Edition Baghdad-Iraq.
[4]. Center of Standardization and Quality Control. (2015). Iraqi Standard for Microbial Limitation in Food. CSQC.
[5]. General Directorate for Industrial Development. (2015). Quality and Safety of Food Products. Iraqi Ministry of Industry.

ABSTRACT: A study was conducted to predict the influence of body measurements on first lactation milk yield of Jersey crosses and Holstein Friesian crosses. Body weight, body height, heart girth, body length and posterior girth measurements were taken from 50 Jersey crosses and 70 HF crosses. Experimental animals were fed and managed under tail to tail system of housing at dairy farm. From the calculation of data on different parameters it is concluded that body measurements has non-significant effect on body weight, heart girth, body length, body height and posterior girth on first lactation milk yield in Jersey crosses. In Holstein Friesian crosses had significant effect on body weight and posterior girth and non significant effect on heart girth, body length and body height on first lactation milk yield in HF crosses.

Keywords: Cattle, body measurements, body weight, Holstein Friesian crosses, Jersey crosses, milk yield.

[1]. Alphan, O. (1971). Relationship of some early growth traits to first lactation milk yield in Karacabey Brown cattle. Animal Breeding Abs. 39(1), 52.
[2]. Kleiber, M. and Mead, S.W. (1941). Body size and milk production. J. Dairy Sci., 24(2).
[3]. Miller, R.H. and MacGlliard, L.D. (1959). Relations betwwen weight at calving and milk production during the first lactation. J. Dairy Sci., 41,747.
[4]. Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran W.G. (1994) Statistical method 8th edition the Iowa State University. Press Amer Iowa USA.
[5]. Shulimov, A.G. (1972). Relationship between body weight and milk production in simmental cows . Animal Breeding Abs.,40(1), 43.

ABSTRACT: The liveweight changes and reproductive performance of snails (Archachatina marginata) under controlled (watered throughout the experimental period, aestivated for 6 and 12 weeks) and naturally induced aestivation were investigated. Eighty (80) reproductively matured snails with five snails replicated four times in a completely randomized design were used. Liveweight and mortality were monitored during aestivation. Eggs collected were incubated. While the continuous watered group (0A) gained 11.95 g, the groups aestivated for 6 weeks (6A), 12 weeks (12A) and by nature (N) respectively recorded -40.05, -88.28 and -51.29 g. Mortality records showed 1, 1, 2 and 0. Apart from clutch size and number of snailet hatched, the investigated reproductive indices reflected significant (P<0.05) differences............

Keywords: Aestivation, Archachatina marginata, liveweight, Reproductive performance, egg

[1] Abdussamad, M. A., Osinowo, O. A., Smith, O. F. and Onadeko, S. A. (2010). Some haemolymph biophysical parameters in Giant African Land Snails (Archachatina marginata) during six weeks aestivation period: Global Veterinaria 4 (4): 400-408.
[2] Adeniran, E.O. (2000). Reproductive performance of the giant African land snails Archachatina marginata at different body weights B. Agric Project FUNAAB p. 15 Unpublished.
[3] Adeoba, M. I., Osinowo, O. A., Oyewale, J. O. and Onagbesan O. M. (2012). Effects of aestivation on heart rate of Archachatina marginata, Swainson 1981 at two liveweight groups. Proceedings of the 1st Intl Confr. on Giant African Land Snails. Feb. 2012. Abeokuta, Nig. Pp 105 - 108
[4] Ajayi, O.A., Fawole, J.K. Idowu, A.B. and Ademolu, K.O. (2012). Dynamics of nutrients in the tissues of Giant African Land Snail (Archachatina marginata) during aestivation. Proceedings of the 1st Intl Confr. on Giant African Land Snails. Feb. 2012. Abeokuta, Nig. Pp 67 – 70.
[5] Akegbejo-Samson, Y. and Akinnusi, O. (2001). Effect of population density on the growth r

ABSTRACT: Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral transboundary disease of both domestic and wild cloven hoofed animals. It has low mortality rate in adult but with morbidity rate of up to 100% in susceptible animal populations. This research work was designed to determine the seroprevalence of FMD and risk factors associated with it in four districts of Bauchi local government, Bauchi State Nigeriausing ELISA kit and a structured questionnaire survey. Blood samples were collected froma total of 270 cattle (56 males and 214 females). The data generated were analysed using SPSS and chi-square test was used for comparison of variables. The result showed that out of the 270 serum samples tested, 171 (63.3%) were found to be positive for FMDV antibodies.Individual district prevalence rates were Bauchi (79.4%), Galambi (50%), Miri (61.1%) and Zungur (64.3%). No statistical difference (P>0.0001) was noted in the distribution of the positive samples among the four districts studied............

Keywords: FMD, ELISA, Questionnaire survey, Cattle breeds, Blood

[1] Di Nardo A, Knowles NJ, Paton DJ. Combining livestock trade patterns with phylogenetics to help understand the spread of foot and mouth disease in sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East and SoutheastAsia.Review Science Technical Office International Epizootics. 2011; 30 (1): 63-85
[2] Kitching RP. Identification of foot and mouth disease virus carrier and sub-clinically infected animals and differentiation from vaccinated animals. Science and Technology Review. 2002; 21: 531-538
[3] Thomson GR. Foot and mouth disease. In: Infectious diseases of livestock with special reference to Southern Africa, edited by JAW. Coetzer, GR. Thomson. Cape Town, London, New York: Oxford University Press. 1994; 825-992.
[4] Shao J, Hui-yun C, Guang-qing Z, Guo-zheng C, Jun-zheng D, Tong L, et al.,. RT Rapid Detection of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus by Reverse Transcription Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP). International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine, 2010; 8(2): 133-140.
[5] Office International for Epizootics (OIE). Foot and mouth disease In: OIE Terrestrial Manual of Diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals (mammals, birds and bees): 5th edition, volume I. Office international des Epizooties (OIE), Paris, France. 2008; 111-128.

ABSTRACT: The experiment was conducted in the Research Field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka from October 2014 to February 2015.The present study was conducted to determine the optimum level of nitrogen fertilizer and proper plant spacing for better growth and yield of lettuce. The experiment consisted of two factors. Factor A: Nitrogen (4 levels) N0: 0 (Control); N1: 50; N2: 100 and N3: 150 kg/ha respectively; and Factor B: Plant spacing (3 levels), S1: 40 cm × 20 cm, S2: 40 cm × 25 cm; S3: 40 cm × 30 cm. The Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. In case of nitrogen the highest yield (29.99 t/ha) was recorded from N3 and lowest (18.65 t/ha) from N0. In case of spacing the highest yield (25.83 t/ha) was achieved from S2 and lowest (23.0 t/ha) from S1. For interaction effect, the highest yield (31.31 t/ha)..........

Keywords: Nitrogen, Spacing, Growth, Yield, Lettuce.

[1] Bansal, G. L., Rana, M. C. and Upadhyay, R. G. 1995. Response of grain amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) to plant density. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science, 65 (11): 818-820.
[2] Boroujerdnia, M. and Ansari, N. A. 2007. Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Cultivars on Growth, Yield and Yield Components of Romaine Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Department of Horticultural, Faculty of Agriculture, ShahidChamran University, Ahwaz, Iran. Middle Eastern and Russian Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology, 1(2): 47-53.
[3] Gomez, K. H. and Gomez, A. A. 1984. Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. Second Edn. Wiley- Inter Science publication, JohnWiley and Sons, New York. p. 680.
[4] Mahmoudi, K.F.2005. Effects of rates and sources nitrogen fertilizer on nitrate accumulation and yield of lettuce. MSc Thesis, Department of Soil Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, 78 pp (in Farsi)
[5] Moniruzzaman, M. 2006. Effects of plant spacing and mulching on yield and profitability of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development,4(1/2): 107-111.

ABSTRACT: The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of cutting angles and knife type on some operations characteristics for a locally palm pruning motorizedvibration cutter. An equipment was fabricated to use a vibration motion to operate the cutting knife to cut the base of date palm fronds around the date palm tree trunk .Three cutting angles included 45°,60°and 90° with three locally manufactured knives included A,B and C types were used in this study. Time of cutting one frond, time of cutting three rows of fronds, level of cutting difference, productivity and efficiency was measured in this experiment. Randomized Complete block design with three replication was used in this experiment. Least significant differences (L.S.D.) under 0.05 level was used to compare the mean of treatment. The results can be summarized as follow: 45° cutting angle gave a lower one frond cutting time ,three rows cutting time and differences of surface cutting level amounted to 2.65 sec. 1.74 mi............

Keywords: cutting angle, knives type, frond cutting, vibration, noise, productivity and efficiency

[1] Ahmed, D and A.Borowy, (2012). Cultivation of date palm in Iraq.AnnalesUniversitatisMariae Curie- sklodowska Lublin- polonia. Vol.xxII (1) Section EEE.
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ABSTRACT: Front Line demonstrations (FLDs) is a unique approach to provide an direct interface between researcher and farmers as the scientists are directly involved in planning, execution and monitoring of the demonstrations for the technologies developed by them and get direct feedback from the farmers. In the response of transfer of technology the recommendation of modern (improved) chickpea production technology a great emphasis was being paid by both the scientist and extension workers to boost up the productivity of chickpea in the area. In the present study an attempt has been made to examine the impact of frontline demonstration of chickpea in district Sehore where agricultural scientist had been conducted this programme at farm level. In case level of knowledge, as observed in low and medium category chickpea growers, found higher in non FLD adopter than FLD adopter whereas level of adoption, as observed in partial and incomplete category chickpea growers, found higher in non FLD adopter than FLD adopter.

[1] Kirar, B.S.; Mahajan, S.K. and Nashine, R. (2004). Impact of technology practices on the productivity of soybean in FLD. Ind. Res. J. Ext. Edu. 5(1):15-17.
[2] Kangali, Sarita (2012). A study on impact of frontline demonstration of chickpea in Sehore district of Madhya Pradesh. M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis Submitted to the Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior.
[3] Narayanswamy,C. and Eshwarapa,G. (1998). Impact of Front Line Demonstration. Indian Journal of Extension Education. 34(1&2):14-15.
[4] Shiyani, R.L. (2001). "Adoption of Improved Chickpea Varieties: Evidences from Tribal Region of Gujarat". Indian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Vol. 55, (2), pp. 159-171.
[5] Teggelli, Raju G.; Patil, D.H.; Ananda; Naik; Zaheer Ahamed, B. and Patil, M.C. (2015). Impact of Frontline Demonstration on the yield and economics of pigeonpea in Kalaburgi district of Karnataka State. I.J.S.N. 6(2):224-227.