IOSR-JAP   Volume-18 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan. – Feb. 2026

ABSTRACT: Rare-earth orthoferrites with the general formula RFeO₃ (R = rare-earth ion) represent a technologically relevant class of perovskite oxides exhibiting complex magnetic ordering, strong spin–lattice coupling, and ultrafast spin dynamics. Neodymium ferrite (NdFeO₃) is distinguished by canted G-type antiferromagnetism, weak ferromagnetism arising from Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction and pronounced magnetocrystalline anisotropy originating....

Keywords: Europium, Neodymium Ferrite, Spin, Magnetic Ordering, antiferromagnetic

[1]. Hwang, H. Y., Iwasa, Y., Kawasaki, M., Keimer, B., Nagaosa, N., & Tokura, Y. (2012). Emergent Phenomena At Oxide Interfaces. Nature Materials, 11(2), 103–113. Https://Doi.Org/10.1038/Nmat3223
[2]. Sun, C., Alonso, J. A., & Bian, J. (2021). Recent Advances In Perovskite-Type Oxides For Energy Conversion And Storage Applications. Advanced Energy Materials, 11(2), 2000459. Https://Doi.Org/10.1002/Aenm.202000459
[3]. Thakur, P., Sharma, N., Pathak, D., Sharma, P., Kishore, K., Dhar, S., & Lal, M. (2024). State-Of-The-Art Review On Smart Perovskite Materials: Properties And Applications. Emergent Materials, 7(3), 667–694. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S42247-024-00645-W
[4]. Parida, B. N., Mohanty, B., & Parida, R. (2023). Effect Of Rare-Earth Elements On Perovskite Composite Materials. In Perovskite Composite Materials (Pp. 253–272). Elsevier. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/B978-0-323-99529-0.00018-7
[5]. Subject Index. (2010). Journal Of Alloys And Compounds, 495(2), 670–680. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/S0925-8388(10)00629-8

ABSTRACT: Fluorescence quenching analysis reveals that the process is governed by a synergistic interplay between diffusion-controlled and activation-controlled mechanisms. In the diffusion-controlled pathway, quenching efficiency is primarily dictated by the rate at which quencher molecules encounter the excited fluorophore, highlighting the influence of solvent viscosity and molecular mobility. In contrast, the activation-controlled component....

Keywords: Fluorescence Quenching, Activation Energy, Diffusion Energy.

[1]. Lakowicz, J.R. Principles Of Fluorescence Spectroscopy, 3rd Edn. (Springer, New York, 2006).
[2]. Valeur, B.; Berberan-Santos, M.N. Molecular Fluorescence: Principles And Applications (Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2012).
[3]. Turro, N.J.; Ramamurthy, V.; Scaiano, J.C. Principles Of Molecular Photochemistry: An Introduction (University Science Books, Sausalito, 2010).
[4]. Ware, W.R. Oxygen Quenching Of Fluorescence In Solution: An Experimental Study Of The Diffusion Process. J. Phys. Chem. 66, 455–458 (1962). Https://Doi.Org/10.1021/J100809a020
[5]. Marcus, Y. Preferential Solvation In Mixed Solvents. Pure Appl. Chem. 65, 873–881 (1993).

ABSTRACT: The morphological classification of galaxies is crucial for understanding their formation and evolution over time. There are various galaxy parameters, such as structural features, light profiles, and the concentration index (Cr) that serve as proxies for galaxy morphological types that can be used to classify galaxies effectively. These galaxy parameters have been proposed for classifying galaxies in the large galaxy samples, where visual classification becomes labor-intensive and impractical. This work report on the the effect of galaxy environment on the use of concentration...

Keywords: galaxies-classification, galaxies-concentration index

[1]. Ahumada R., Et Al., 2020, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 249, 3
[2]. Albareti F. D., Et Al., 2017, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 233, 25
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[4]. Blanton M. R., Et Al., 2001, AJ, 121, 2358
[5]. Busha M. T., Marshall P. J., Wechsler R. H., Klypin A., Primack J., 2011, The Astrophysical Journal, 743, 40.

ABSTRACT: Eu-doped strontium ferrite perovskite nanomaterials (Sr₁₋ₓEuₓFeO₃) have emerged as an important class of functional oxides due to their tunable structural, magnetic, electronic, and catalytic properties. The combination of mixed valence states, oxygen non-stoichiometry, and strong spin–lattice coupling provides a rich platform for engineering material performance for practical applications. This article presents a consolidated overview of recent developments in synthesis, structural evolution, magnetic characteristics, catalytic behavior......

Keywords: Eu-doped SrFeO3; Perovskite nanomaterials; Magnetic properties; Catalytic applications; Energy applications.

[1] Sindhu, T., Ravichandran, A. T., Xavier, A. R., & Kumaresavanji, M. (2023). Structural, Surface Morphological And Magnetic Properties Of Gd-Doped Bifeo₃ Nanomaterials Synthesised By EA Chelated Solution Combustion Method. Applied Physics A, 129, 685. Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1007/S00339-023-06951-0
[2] Tummino, M. L., Laurenti, E., Deganello, F., Bianco Prevot, A., & Magnacca, G. (2017). Revisiting The Catalytic Activity Of A Doped Srfeo₃ For Water Pollutants Removal: Effect Of Light And Temperature. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 207, 174–181. Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Apcatb.2017.02.007
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Https://Doi.Org/10.1109/20.706388
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[5] Saeidi, H., Mozaffari, M., Serhat, S., Dutz, S., Zahn, D., Azimi, G., & Bock, M. (2023). Effect Of Europium Substitution On The Structural, Magnetic And Relaxivity Properties Of Mn-Zn Ferrite Nanoparticles: A Dual-Mode MRI Contrast-Agent Candidate. Nanomaterials, 13, 331. Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Nano13020331.

ABSTRACT: In this paper I reported zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film, deposited on to glass substrate by spray pyrolysis technique. Deposition parameters were optimized. The film was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The XRD analysis shows ZnO thin film has hexagonal wurtzite structure; SEM and AFM micrograph shows uniform deposition on to glass substrate and optical band gap was found to be 3.48 eV. The results of structural, surface morphological and optical investigation show that, the film is suitable for gas sensing application.

Keywords: spray pyrolysis technique; ZnO; gas sensor; thin film; semiconductor.

[1] M. Mirzaee, A. Zendehnam, S. Miri, Surface Statistical Properties Of Zno Thin Films Produced By Magnetron Sputtering At Different Rates, Scientia Iranica F, Vol. 20(3), 2013, 1071-1075
[2] Ramarajan Ramanathan Et.Al, Annealing Strategies For Spin-Coated Zno Thin Film For An Electron Transport Layer Application For Perovskite Solar Cell, Ceramics International, Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Ceramint.2025.08.075
[3] V. Suresh Et. Al, Temperature-Dependent Modulation Of Zno-Nio Composite Thin Films For The Development Of Ammonia Gas Sensor, Journal Of Alloys And Compounds, Vol. 1028, 2025, 180719
[4] V.S. Kamble Et. Al, Improved Toxic No2 Gas Sensing Response Of Cu-Doped Zno Thin-Film Sensors Derived By Simple Co-Precipitation Route, Optical Materials, Vol. 131, 2022, 112706
[5] Xingyue Liu, Zhenya Lu, Zhi Jia, Zhiwu Chen, Xin Wang, Sandwich-Structured Zno-Mno2-Zno Thin Film Varistors Prepared Via Magnetron Sputtering, Journal Of The European Ceramic Society, Vol. 43(8), 2023, 3344.