Volume-18 ~ Issue-7 ~ July 2025

Abstract: Researchers today exhibit great enthusiasm for utilizing agro-waste and mineral-based adsorbents to eliminate heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions as well as industrial effluents. Adsorbents, which are solid materials, play a crucial role in eliminating impurities such as heavy metals from water—substances hazardous to both human state as well as the environment. The environment is a precious gift from God to all living beings, and safeguarding the earth's natural resources through careful planning and management is essential for the well-being of present and future generations.......

Keywords: Agricultural waste, minerals, Adsorbents, wastewater treatment.

[1]. MacCarthy, P.; Klusman, R. W.; Cowling, S. W.; Rice, J. A. Analytical Chemistry, 1993, 65 (12), 244R-292R.
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[5]. Shadman, S. M.; Daneshi, M.; Shafiei, F.; Azimimehr, M.; Khorasgani, M. R.; Sadeghian, M.; Motaghi, H.; Mehrgardi, M. A. In Electrochemical Bio-sensors: Elsevier, 2019, 213−251.

Abstract: Bivalirudin is a peptide medication derived from natural peptide, Hirudin. One unknown peptide impurity was observed in stability studies sample provided by pharmaceutical company Piramal Pharma Ltd at RRT 0.44. It was purified using open column chromatography and preparative HPLC to 98.03% for chemical characterization. High Resolution Mass Spectrometry based Amino Acid Sequencing was carried out to get amino acid sequence. It has provided sequence of total 18 amino acids as Arginine –Proline – Glycine – Glycine – Glycine – Glycine – Asparagine – Glycine – Aspartic acid – Phenylalanine – Glutamic acid – Glutamic acid – Isoleucin – Proline – Glutamic acid – Glutamic acid – Tyrosine – Leucine........

Keywords: Bivalirudin, COSY, DEPT, HSQC, HMBC.

[1]. Carlos A. Valdes, Sharaf OM, Bleiweis MS, Jacobs JP, Mumtaz M, Sharaf RM, Jeng EI and Peek GJ (2023), Heparin-based versus bivalirudin-based anticoagulation in pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A systematic review, Front. Med, 10:1137134
[2]. Vyatkina K., (2022) Validation of De Novo Peptide Sequences with Bottom-Up Tag Convolution, Proteomes 2022, 10, 1, https:// doi.org/10.3390/proteomes10010001
[3]. Jing Li, Sanbao Chen, Sicong Ma, Mingque Yang, Zizhao Qi, Kun Na, Miaohan Qiu, Yi Li, and Yaling Han, (2022), Safety and Efficacy of Bivalirudin versus Unfractionated Heparin Monotherapy in Patients with CAD and DM Undergoing PCI: A Retrospective Observational Study, Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Volume 2022, Article ID 5352087, 10 pages
[4]. Kostromina M.A., Tukhovskaya E.A., Shaykhutdinova E.R., Slashcheva G.A., Ismailova A.M., Palikov V.A., Palikova Y.A., Dyachenko I.A., Kravchenko I.N., Sadovnikova E.S., (2021), Screening of the Promising Direct Thrombin Inhibitors from Haematophagous Organisms. Part I: Recombinant Analogues and Their Antithrombotic Activity In Vitro, Biomedicines 2022, 10, 11
[5]. Alessandra Basso, (2019), Development of a novel combined IEX-RP chromatographic process for the purification of bivalirudin, CHROMATOGRAPHY TODAY, August / September 2019

Abstract: Phenolic plant metabolites are bioactive compounds with significant antioxidant and therapeutic potential, making them valuable for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Bridelia ferruginea, a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine, is a promising source of these compounds. However, their extraction efficiency depends critically on the methodology and solvent-to-solid ratio employed. This study systematically compared conventional maceration (MAC) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for recovering polyphenols and flavonoids from B. ferruginea stem bark, while evaluating the influence of solvent-to-solid ratios (1/60, 1/80, 1/120 g/mL).........

Keywords: Bridelia ferruginea, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, maceration, phenolic compounds, solid-liquid ratio.

[1]. Sun, S., Liu, Z., Lin, M., Gao, N., Wang, X. Front Nutr 2024, 11, 1456730.
[2]. Ullah, A., Munir, S., Badshah, S. L., Khan, N., Ghani, L., Poulson, B. G., Emwas, A. H., Jaremko, M. Molecules 2020, 25 (22), 5243.
[3]. Arbonier, M. Arbres, arbustes et lianes des zones sèches d’Afrique de l’Ouest, 3ème Edition., Editions Quae, Ed., MNHN, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, 2009.
[4]. Afolayan, M., Srivedavyasasri, R., Asekun, O. T., Familoni, O. B., Ross, S. A. Nat Prod Res 2019, 33 (2), 287–291.
[5]. Omotuyi, O., Oyinloye, B., Agboola, S., Agbebi, A. E., Afolabi, E. O., Femi-Oyewo, M. Sci Afr 2023, 22, e01920.

Abstract: The development of hit and lead medications with novel molecular structures can be accomplished by the hybridization of bioactive natural and synthetic molecules. A variety of different novel structures of 1,2,4-triazole fused quinoline moieties have been developed and produced for this study. Spectroscopy techniques such as IR,1H NMR, 13C NMR, and ESI-MS were utilized to confirm all the developed substances. Its antibacterial and anti-cancer effects were assessed in vitro. A wide range of methods were used to examine the interaction between........

Keywords: Quinoline, 1,2,4-triazole, anticancer and antibacterial activities, molecular docking studies, MCF-7 Cell lines..

[1]. Shao, Z., Jahanbani, A., & Sheikholeslami, S. M. (2022). Multiplicative Topological Indices Of Molecular Structure In Anticancer
Drugs. Polycyclic Aromat Compd, 42(2), 475–488.
[2]. Al-Amiery, A. A., Shamel, A. A. H., Satar, M., Khalid, Y., & Mohamad, A. B. (2014). Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities
Of Novel Quinazolinones. Med. Chem. Res, 23, 236–242.
[3]. Mahmoud, H. K., Gomha, S. M., Farghaly, T. A., & Awad, H. M. (2021). Synthesis Of Thiazole Linked Imidazo [2, 1-B] Thiazoles
As Anticancer Agents. Polycyclic Aromat Compd, 41(8), 1608–1622.
[4]. Auti, P. S., George, G., & Paul, A. T. (2020). Recent Advances In The Pharmacological Diversification Of
Quinazoline/Quinazolinone Hybrids. RSC Adv, 10(68), 41353–41392.
[5]. Jafari, E., Khajouei, M. R., Hassanzadeh, F., Hakimelahi, G. H., & Khodarahmi, G. A. (2016). Quinazolinone And Quinazoline
Derivatives: Recent Structures With Potent Antimicrobial And Cytotoxic Activities. Res. Pharm. Sci, 11(1), 1–14..

Abstract: A new series of 1,2,3-triazole-tetrazole hybrids (5a–l) was synthesized via a Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction and structurally confirmed using FT-IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. Among them, compounds 5d, 5j, and 5l exhibited notable antioxidant potential in DPPH and HRS assays, comparable to ascorbic acid. These compounds also demonstrated excellent antibacterial and antifungal activity, surpassing standard drugs against several strains. The results suggest that these triazole-tetrazole hybrids hold promise as potential therapeutic agents with broad-spectrum bioactivity.

Keywords: 1,2,3-triazole-tetrazole hybrids; CuAAC reaction; antioxidant studies; antimicrobial investigations.

[1]. Shaikh, I. R. Organocatalysis: Key Trends In Green Synthetic Chemistry, Challenges, Scope Towards Heterogenization, And Importance From Research And Industrial Point Of View. J. Catal.2014, 2014(1), 402860. Https://Doi.Org/10.1155/2014/402860.
[2]. Janicka, M.; Sztanke, M.; Sztanke, K. Modeling The Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Of Potential Heterocyclic Drugs Via Biomimetic IAM Chromatography Technique Combined With QSAR Methodology. Molecules2024, 29(2).
Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Molecules29020287.
[3]. Sachdeva, H.; Khaturia, S.; Saquib, M.; Et Al. Oxygen- And Sulphur-Containing Heterocyclic Compounds As Potential Anticancer Agents. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol.2022, 194, 6438–6467. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S12010-022-04099-W.
[4]. Irfan, A.; Batool, F.; Zahra Naqvi, S. A.; Et Al. Benzothiazole Derivatives As Anticancer Agents. J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem.2020, 35(1), 265–279. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/14756366.2019.1698036.
[5]. Zhu, W. F.; Empel, C.; Pelliccia, S.; Koenigs, R. M.; Proschak, E.; Hernandez-Olmos, V. Photochemistry In Medicinal Chemistry And Chemical Biology. J. Med. Chem.2024, 67(6), 4322–4345. Https://Doi.Org/10.1021/Acs.Jmedchem.3c02109.

Abstract: This study investigates the mineral content of the medicinal plant Moringa olifeira cultivated in Senegal, focusing on heavy metal accumulation. Metals were extracted from dried leaves and seeds samples, after calcination and digestion of the resulting ashes. Metal concentrations were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry (SAA). The predominant macro elements in the leaf and seed powders, according to SAA, were Na (132.1 and 29.4 mg/Kg), K (1121.9 and 1027.9 mg/Kg), Mg (190.1 and 845.3 mg/Kg) and Ca (422.8 and 211.4 mg/Kg). The predominant micro elements in the leaf and seed powders, according to SAA, were Cr (2.3 g/Kg for leaf), Fe (215.3 and 39.3.......

Keywords: Moringa, heavy metal, SAA, risk, health, WHO, FAO

[1] Akabari, A. H., Shah, D. P., Patel, S. P., & Patel, S. K. (2022). Ethanopharmacology, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology And Toxicology Of Moringaceae Family : A Review. Systematic Reviews In Pharmacy, 13(9), 909 929.
Https://Doi.Org/10.31858/0975 8453.13.9.909 929
[2] Boopathi, N.M., Abubakar, B.Y. (2021). Botanical Descriptions Of Moringa Spp., (P. 11‑20). In: Boopathi, N.M., Raveendran, M., Kole, C. (Eds) The Moringa Genome. Compendium Of Plant Genomes. Springer, Cham.
Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/978 3 030 80956 0_2
[3] Ayerza (H), R. (2012). Seed And Oil Yields Of Moringa Oleifera Variety Periyakalum 1 Introduced For Oil Production In Four Ecosystems Of South America. Industrial Crops And Products, 36(1), 70‑73.
Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Indcrop.2011.08.008
[4] Bania, J. K., Nath, A. J., Das, A. K., Sileshi, G. W. (2023). Integrating Moringa Oleifera And Moringa Stenopetala In Agroforestry For Adaptation And Mitigation Of Climate Change In Asia And Africa. In: Dagar, J.C., Gupta, S.R., Sileshi, G.W. (Eds) Agroforestry For Sustainable Intensification Of Agriculture In Asia And Africa. Sustainability Sciences In Asia And Africa (P. 719‑737). Springer, Singapore.
Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/978 981 19 4602 8_22
[5] El Bilali, H., Dan Guimbo, I., Nanema, R. K., Falalou, H., Kiebre, Z., Rokka, M., Tietiambou, S. R. F., Nanema, J., Dambo, L., Grazioli, F., Naino Jika, A. K., Gonnella, M., & Acasto, F. (2024). Research On Moringa (Moringa Oleifera Lam.) In Africa. Plants, 13(12), 1613

Abstract: In the rapidly developing subject of nanotechnology, nanomaterials are crucial. In this study, silver nitrate (AgNO3) and Syzygium fruit peelings extract—which may function as a capping/stabilizing agent as well as a reducing agent—were used to create silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via photo-induced reduction green synthesis. It is an easy, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly method that does not require an external stabilizing ingredient. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), FT-IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy–Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (SEM-EDX) were used to characterize the produced particles. Using the agar well diffusion technique, the antibacterial activity of the produced AgNPs was assessed against both gram positive and gram negative microorganisms.

KeywordsSilver nanoparticles, sygygium fruit peels extract, photo-induced reduction and antibacterial activity.

[1] Gangapuram, B. R.; Bandi, R.; Alle, M.; Dadigala, R.; Kotu, G. M.; Guttena, V. Microwave Assisted Rapid Green Synthesis Of Gold Nanoparticles Using Annona Squamosa L Peel Extract For The Efficient Catalytic Reduction Of Organic Pollutants. J. Mol. Struct. 2018, 1167, 305–315. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/0165-0270(89)90015-0.
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