Volume-8 ~ Issue-1
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Bacteria from Selected Hospitals in Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Southwest Nigeria |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Temitope Olowokere, Mutiu A. Alabi, Bamidele S. Fagbohunka, Rita M. Sunday,Ekundayo T. Salami, Folake Osanaiye, Johnson F. Afolabi, Taiwo Otunla |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0810104  |
Abstract: In recent times, there has been an astronomical increase in the cases of bacterial resistance to commonly used antibiotics by medical personnel in Akungba Akoko,Ondo State,Nigeria.It is just right for a study of this nature to be carried out in order to provide the important microbiological pieces of information to help medical practitioners to tackle this menance.Bacteria were isolated from inanimate object in hospitals in Ondo State which include: General Hospital, Iwaro-Oka; Reva Clinic, Akungba Akoko; University Health Centre, Akungba Akoko; and Comprehensive Health Centre, Akungba Akoko. In this study seven organism were isolated, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sp, Pseudomonas sp, Aeruginosa sp, Klebsiella sp, Bacillus sp and Escherichia coli. All these organisms were identified based on their morphology and biochemical characteristics. The incidence of Staphylococcusaureus (34.8%) was found to be dominant out of the gram-positive bacteria isolated. The incidence of E. coli (44.4%) was found dominant out of the gram-negative bacteria isolated. Of the 70 isolates recovered, 43 (61.4%) were gram-positive while 27 (38.6%) were gram-negative. Multiple resistances were recorded against antibiotics used in this study. This study reveals that staphylococci, streptococci, bacillus, pseudomonas and enterbacteriaceae are predominant organism associated with inanimate object in hospitals. Effective hospital control and aseptic precaution will help reduce the incidence.
Keywords: bacteria, hospital, antibiotics, inanimate objects, antimicrobial.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi In Ocimum Sanctum. L. |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Nita Supriya Massey, E.N. Siddiqui |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0810506 |
Abstract: A study of diversity of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in root of medicinal plant Ocimum sanctum. L. locally known as Krishna Tulsi was conducted at Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India. Microscopic analysis of the mycorrhizal status of roots has revealed that all recovered spores were found to belong to the class – Zygomycotina. The two genus found were Glomus and Acaulospora. The species recorded are G. fasciculatum and G. mosseae belonging to order Glomales and family glomaceae.
Key words : AM Fungi, Ocimum sanctum, Glomus, Acaulospora, Jharkhand.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Methanolic Extract of Musa Sapientum Surker Proffers Antioxidant Effects against Indomethacin-Induced Ulceration Oxidative stress in Wistar Rats |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Salau B. A, Adeosun C. B, Odufuwa K. T, kale O E, Adeyanju M. M. |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0810712 |
Abstract: Effect of methanolic extract of musa sapientum sucker (MEMSS) in indomethacin-induced ulceration in Wistar rats was investigated. Thirty albino rats (120-150g) were divided into six groups. Negative and positive control rats (group 1 and 2) received no treatment and indomethacin (50mg/kg) respectively. Group 3 rats received Omeprazole (0.8mg/kg) 4hours following indomethacin (50mg/kg) intoxication. Groups 4, 5, and 6 received 5mg/kg, 10mg/kg and 20mg/kg of MEMSS respectively 4hour after indomethacin (50mg/kg) induction. Treatment last for fourteen days and dosing was via oral route. Rats were anaesthetized and sacrificed 24hours following last treatment. In our results, we scored ulcer induction by indomethacin using elevated biomarker enzymes. Indomethacin (50mg/kg) administered alone increased (p< 0.05) hepatic and renal alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (LALT, LAST and KALT, KAST) by 311.2%, 170.8% and 123.7%, 109.7% respectively when compared with control negative group. Similarly, MEMSS significantly reduced the elevated LALT, LAST and KALT, KAST quantitatively when compared with positive control (IDM) group. MEMSS when administered at graded doses (5, 10 and 20mg/kg) increased (p< 0.05) catalase levels, liver and kidney SOD levels (p< 0.05) when compared with control groups. 20mg/kg of MEMSS increased liver and renal reduced glutathione by 69.6% and 32.7% respectively. In conclusion, MEMSS possesses antioxidant benefits against indomethacin-induced ulceration and oxidative stress in rats which could attracts further histomorphological studies.
Key words: Musa sapientum sucker, Indomethacin, Ulceration, Antioxidants
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Phytosociological Study At Tundun Wada, A Village Adjoining Wild Life Park Jos, Nigeria |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Uwa Clementina |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0811317 |
Abstract: Phytosociological study of woody vegetation was conducted at Tundun Wada, village adjoining Wild Life Park, Jos, Nigeria to determine the effect of human activities on the vegetation. Two sites were earmarked measuring 100m x 100m (10, 000m2 = 1ha). One site was close to human settlement (disturbed site) and the other within the park (undisturbed site) which served as control. At each of these sites, phytosociological studies by complete enumeration method was conducted to determine percentage, frequency, density, abundance, girth at breast height, diameter, dominance (Basal Area) and importance value index. The result indicated lower value, species composition and generally lower values of the phytosociological parameters studied at the disturbed site. A factor attributed to human interference. As no buffer zone exists, these human activities constitute a major threat, through encroachment, to the Wild Life Park. Urgent conservation measures are therefore need by the Nigerian National Parks Service.
Key Words: Phytosociological, Wild Life
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | The Impact of Organic and Inorganic Manure on the Cultivation of Pumpkin (Cucurbita Maxima) |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Uwa Clementina |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0811820 |
Abstract: A field experiment to assess the effect of organic and inorganic manure on cucurbita was conducted at the demonstration farm at Enugu metropolis Nigeria. The layout was four plots with four replications designed in a complete randomized block design. The treatment were applied at three levels viz: poultry droppings at 5, 10 and 15g, cow dung at 5, 10 and 15g, sheep dung at 15g and NPK at 5, 10 and 15g application rates per 195 Square meters respectively. The study revealed that cow dung gave the highest leaf yield, followed by NPK and poultry droppings which gave the next leaf yield. Sheep dung produced the lowest leaf yield during the experimental period. Suggestions were made as to which organic manure is best to be used as an alternative to the inorganic manure (NPK) for the production of cucurbita.
Key Words: Organic, Inorganic, Manure, Pumpkin
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Physico Chemical and Biological Study on the Lentic Water Bodies of Palakkad, Kerala |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Jipsa.J.R, Divya.K.R, Dr.S.Logaswamy, Dr.K.Manonmani |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0812125 |
Abstract: The water analysis of physico-chemical and biological parameters is very important for public health studies. Ponds are found inside the temples or outside the temples.. However, temple ponds located outside the temples are used by peoples for bathing and even washing clothes. Limnological features of two such temple ponds, the Ramott pond and Guruswamiyar pond were undertaken in the present study. The biological parameters of the ponds were also made during the study. In the present investigation all the parameters showed higher values in Pond B compared to Pond A. All values are found to be within or less than the permissible limit. Both ponds showed an oligotrophic nature with the presence of poor nutrients and low vegetation. Both ponds are unpolluted fresh water bodies which have no chemical or sewage pollution.
Keywords: Pollution, Ramott, Guruswamiyar, Phytoplanktons, oligotrophic.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Subchronic Oral Toxicity of the Aqueous Leaf Extract of AnogeissusLeiocarpus on Albino Rats |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Dayom DW, Wannang NN, Bukar BB, Afedia E |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0812631 |
Abstract: Background/Purpose:- Natural products are the cornerstone of healthcare delivery in many poor-resource countries like Nigeria. However, they pose great potentials for systemic toxicity which should be identified and avoided or at least minimized. Method:- The effect of Anogeissusleiocarpus leaves was tested on the haematological parameters and some isolated organ morphology of rats following subchronic oral feeding of the rats with the aqueous extract for between 7-28 days. Result:- The plant decreased (p<0.05) platelet counts at all doses in the first 7 days of treatment. After 14-day treatment, changes in WBCs, RBCs, PCV and Hb were not significant (P>0.1). However, following 28 days of treatment, RBCs, PCV and Hb increased (p<0.05) while changes in other parameters were not significant. There was no significant effect on kidney, liver and heart except a decrease (p<0.05) in dry weights of the isolated organs at 300mg/kg following 28-day treatment. There was no visible histopathologicchangs in the isolated organs sectioned. Conclusion: - Anogeissusleiocarpus leave extract caused fluctuating dose-independent changes in blood parameters and isolated organ weights. It is substantially non-toxic as the observed changes were not significant to preclude its use.
Keywords: Anogeissusleiocarpus leaf, rats, subchronic toxicity, oral feeding.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Breast Cancer: Knowledge And Practice Of Breast Self Examination Among Women In Rural Community Of Ondo State, Nigeria. |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Makanjuola O.J., Amoo .P. O., Ajibade B.L., Makinde .O.Y. |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0813237 |
Abstract: Introduction: Breast cancer is a public health problem that is increasing throughout the world especially in developing countries. The study was aimed at assessing the knowledge of breast cancer and practice of breast self examination (BSE) among women in Ala (rural) community, in Akure North Local Government. Ondo state, Nigeria
Keywords: Breast cancer, Breast Self-Exam, Knowledge, Practices, Rural
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of the defatted seed and seed coat of Moringa oleifera |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Philip C. N. Alikwe, Elijah I. Ohimain, Douye V. Zige, Tariwari N.C. Angaye |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0813841 |
Abstract: Recent interest in infectious disease threats to clinical microbiology and public health is the emergence of pathogens with high multidrug resistance especially to available newer broad spectrum antibiotics that is cost prohibitive and are not even within the reach of the poor, making infectious diseases a global burden and therefore prompting the need for the search of potential plants in the treatment of diseases. However antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera defatted seed (MODS) and seed coat (MOSC) was conducted. Paper disc diffusion method was used to assess the effect of the extracts on Pseudomonas aerogenosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp, Salmonella Typhi, Proteus mirabilis, all the examined extract showed varying degrees of antibacterial activities against the selected pathogens. Highest inhibitory effect was observed in Proteus mirabilis (19mm) following Salmonella Typhi (16mm) with the Moringa oleifera seed extract, these strains S. Typhi and Proteus mirabilis were resistant to ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera seed coat along with their respective minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from extract on the test isolates ranges from a 0.1mg/ml- 100mg/ml concentration. This study has shown that the ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera seed possess some degree of antimicrobial activity than ethanol extract of the seed coat and could be a valuable Drug in the treatment of infections caused by the test organisms especially at high dose, therefore these findings support the traditional use of the plant in the treatment of different infections in the area.
Key words: Moringa oleifera, Test Organisms, Antibacterial Activity, Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Effect of freeze-drying and extraction solvents on the total phenolic contents, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity of different Rabbiteye blueberry genotypes grown in New Zealand |
| Country | : | Iraq |
| Authors | : | Janyawat Vuthijumnok, Abdul-Lateef Molan, Julian A. Heyes |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0814248 |
Abstract: The effects of freeze-drying and extraction solvents on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant properties of five rabbiteye blueberry genotypes, namely 'Centurion', 'Maru', 'Rahi', 'Ono', and 'Tifblue', were investigated. Significant (P < 0.05) differences in TPC, TFC and antioxidant activities were found between extracts from different genotypes and between freeze-dried and unfreeze-dried samples. Crude water extracts from the berries of 'Tifblue' had the highest TPC and TFC followed by 'Ono', 'Centurion', 'Rahi', and 'Maru'. Acidification by 5% (v/v) formic acid resulted in a significant increase (P < 0.05) in TPC and TFC in water extracts and antioxidant activity as measured by ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) when compared with unacidified water. The results showed that freeze dried whole berries extracted in 5% aqueous formic acid demonstrated significantly higher (P < 0.0001) antioxidant activity, as measured by FRAP and ORAC, than those extracted in water alone and this was the case for all the tested genotypes. Overall, a strong positive correlation was observed between TPC and TFC and antioxidant activity measured by FRAP or ORAC, indicating that these compounds are significant contributors to the antioxidant activity of the tested blueberry genotypes.
Keywords: antioxidant activity, blueberry genotypes, FRAP, freeze drying, ORAC, phenolic compounds
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | "Enteric Manifestations Management, Introspection." |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Dr.Anil K. Sahni |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0814962 |
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Commonly Prevalent Clinical Problem, Enteric Infections Are Caused By Variety Of Organisms Of Variable Strains, Virulence, Pathogenecity, Epidemiolgy & Geographical Distribution."Salmonellosis‟ Caused By Different Salmonella Sp.Changing Species/SubSpecies Strains Variety & Their Sensitivity To Anti-Biotics, Debilitating Diseases, Malignancy, HIV, Immuno-Compromised Status Render Difficult Disease Control, Necessitates Discrete Surgical Observation, Intervention, In Disease Process Variable Clinico-Pathological Manifestations.
Keywords: 1.Enteric (Typhoid) Infections;Epidemiology, Distribution 2. Severity Of Infections;? Changing Strains, Systemic Complications 3. Medical Therapy Appropriation 4. Surgical Intervention;Treatment Modalities Discretion.
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