Volume-4 ~ Issue-4
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Retrograde transport- the journey back to Golgi |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Avik Banerjee |
 |
: | 10.9790/3008-0440104  |
Abstract:Some proteins like acid hydrolase receptor, hetero trimeric G protein, EGFR, processing peptidase
as well as toxin like Shiga toxin, ricin and lipid trafficks through various intermediate stations while travelling
from endosomes to trans Golgi network/Golgi ie 'Retrograde' transport after being internalised. Here the
critical molecular events in the retrograde pathway along with the factors involved are summarised. Then the
importance and implication in various cellular processes are discussed. Lastly, I conclude about the future
perspective and in what way we can exploit the process for applied research.
Key words:Clathrin, Early endosome, Late endosome, Retromer, Shiga toxin, trans-Golgi network (TGN)
Key words:Clathrin, Early endosome, Late endosome, Retromer, Shiga toxin, trans-Golgi network (TGN)
[1] S.D. Conner, S.L. Schmid, Regulated portals of entry into the cell, Nature 422, 2003, 37-44.
[2] S. Mayor and R.E. Pagano, Pathways of clathrin-independent endocytosis, Nat Rev Mol cell Biol., 8, 2007, 613-612.
[3] F.R. Maxfield ,T.E. Mcgraw, Endocytic recycling, Nat Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. , 5, 2004, 121-132.
[4] N.K. Gonatas, A Steiber, SU Kim, DI Graham, S Avrameas, Internalisation of neuronal plasma membrane ricin receptors into the
Golgi apparatus, Exp. cell Res., 94, 1975, 426-431
[5] S Olsnes , A Pihl, Ricin – a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis, FEBS Letts,20, 1972, 327-329
[6] D Lombardi, T Soldati, M.A .Reiderer, Y Goda , M Zerial, S.R. Pfeffer, Rab 9 functions in transport between late endosome and
trans Golgi network, EMBO J.,12,93,677-682
[7] W.M. Rohn, Y Rouille, S Waguri, B Roflack, Bi-directional trafficking between trans-Golgi network and the endosomal/lysosomal
system, J Cell Sci., 113, 2000, 2093-2101
[8] M.N. Seaman, E.G. Marcusson, J.L. Cereghino, S.D. Emr, Endosome to Golgi retrieval of the vacuolar protein sorting receptor Vps
10p,requires the function of VPS29,VPS30,VPS35 gene products, J cell Biol., 137,1992, 79-92.
[9] M.N. Seaman, J.M. McCaffery, S.D. Emr, A membrane coat complex essential for endosome-to -Golgi retrograde transport in
yeast, J Cell Biol., 142, 1998, 665-681.
[10] M.N. Seaman, Recycle your receptors with retromer, Trends Cell Biol., 15, 2005, 68-75
[2] S. Mayor and R.E. Pagano, Pathways of clathrin-independent endocytosis, Nat Rev Mol cell Biol., 8, 2007, 613-612.
[3] F.R. Maxfield ,T.E. Mcgraw, Endocytic recycling, Nat Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. , 5, 2004, 121-132.
[4] N.K. Gonatas, A Steiber, SU Kim, DI Graham, S Avrameas, Internalisation of neuronal plasma membrane ricin receptors into the
Golgi apparatus, Exp. cell Res., 94, 1975, 426-431
[5] S Olsnes , A Pihl, Ricin – a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis, FEBS Letts,20, 1972, 327-329
[6] D Lombardi, T Soldati, M.A .Reiderer, Y Goda , M Zerial, S.R. Pfeffer, Rab 9 functions in transport between late endosome and
trans Golgi network, EMBO J.,12,93,677-682
[7] W.M. Rohn, Y Rouille, S Waguri, B Roflack, Bi-directional trafficking between trans-Golgi network and the endosomal/lysosomal
system, J Cell Sci., 113, 2000, 2093-2101
[8] M.N. Seaman, E.G. Marcusson, J.L. Cereghino, S.D. Emr, Endosome to Golgi retrieval of the vacuolar protein sorting receptor Vps
10p,requires the function of VPS29,VPS30,VPS35 gene products, J cell Biol., 137,1992, 79-92.
[9] M.N. Seaman, J.M. McCaffery, S.D. Emr, A membrane coat complex essential for endosome-to -Golgi retrograde transport in
yeast, J Cell Biol., 142, 1998, 665-681.
[10] M.N. Seaman, Recycle your receptors with retromer, Trends Cell Biol., 15, 2005, 68-75
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Simultaneous Estimation of Ondansetron and Pantoprazole in Solid Dosage Form by First Derivative Spectroscopy Method |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Smita Mujbaile Priya Prasad, Sanjay Wate |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0440508 |
Abstract :The objective of this work was to develop and validate simple, rapid, and accurate UV
specrophotometric method for simultaneous determination of Ondansetron and Pantoprazole in enteric coated
tablet dosage form. UV spectrophotometric method involves first derivative spectroscopy using 288.5 nm and
310 nm as zero crossing point for Pantoprazole and Ondansetron respectively. For spectrophotometric method,
water was used as a solvent. Both the drug and their mix obeyed Beer- Lamberts law at selected wavelength was
observed in concentration range of 0.5-2.5ug/ml of Ondansetron and 5-25ug/ml of Pantoprazole. Results of
analysis were analyzed and validated for various parameters according to ICH guidelines. This method was
found to be simple, precise, accurate, selective and rapid and can be successfully applied for the determination
of pure laboratory mixtures and tablet formulations..
Keyword: First derivative spectroscopy, Ondansetron (OND), Pantoprazole (PAN), marketed formulation, and Beer-Lambert Law.
Keyword: First derivative spectroscopy, Ondansetron (OND), Pantoprazole (PAN), marketed formulation, and Beer-Lambert Law.
[1] Remington. The Science and Practice of Pharmacy.21sted. Vol.II Indian Edition Distributed in India by B.I. Publication Pvt. Ltd.,
1311.
[2] The United State Pharmacopoeia XII and National Formulary XXIV ed. Asian Ed. Rockville, MD: US Pharmacopoeial convection,
2007, 2799-2804.
[3] British Pharmacopoeia Vol.2, London: The Stationary Office; 2008, 1597-99.
[4] S.C. Sweetman , and Dale M. The Complete Drug Reference. 34thed.Pharmaceutical Press, London 2002, 1281:1
[5] S. Bhudhavari. The Merk Research Lab. Division of Merk and Co. Inc. Whitehouse station, NJ, 2001, 6848.
[6] Remington. The Science and Practice of Pharmacy.21sted.Vol.II Indian Edition, Distributed in India by B.I. Publication Pvt. Ltd.,
1301.
[7] S. Budhavari. The Merk Index .14th ed. Merk Research Lab. Division of Merk and Co.Inc.Whitehouse station, NJ, 2001, 1301.
[8] S.C. Sweetman, and Dale M. The Complete Drug Reference. 34thed.Pharmaceutical Press ,London 2002, 1283
[9] A. Raza, A.S. Ijaz , A. Rehman, and U. Rasheed . Spectrometric determination of Ondansetron Hydrochloride in pharmaceutical
Bulk and Dosage Form. Journal of Chinese Chemist. Society, 54(1), 2007, 223-27.
[10] P. Ravikumar, M. Muralikrishna, P. Bhanuprakash, B. Anilkumar, and P. Madhusudhan. Derivative Spectrometric estimation of
Ondansetron and Paracetamol. E-Journal of Chemistry, 3(12), 2006, 134-36.
1311.
[2] The United State Pharmacopoeia XII and National Formulary XXIV ed. Asian Ed. Rockville, MD: US Pharmacopoeial convection,
2007, 2799-2804.
[3] British Pharmacopoeia Vol.2, London: The Stationary Office; 2008, 1597-99.
[4] S.C. Sweetman , and Dale M. The Complete Drug Reference. 34thed.Pharmaceutical Press, London 2002, 1281:1
[5] S. Bhudhavari. The Merk Research Lab. Division of Merk and Co. Inc. Whitehouse station, NJ, 2001, 6848.
[6] Remington. The Science and Practice of Pharmacy.21sted.Vol.II Indian Edition, Distributed in India by B.I. Publication Pvt. Ltd.,
1301.
[7] S. Budhavari. The Merk Index .14th ed. Merk Research Lab. Division of Merk and Co.Inc.Whitehouse station, NJ, 2001, 1301.
[8] S.C. Sweetman, and Dale M. The Complete Drug Reference. 34thed.Pharmaceutical Press ,London 2002, 1283
[9] A. Raza, A.S. Ijaz , A. Rehman, and U. Rasheed . Spectrometric determination of Ondansetron Hydrochloride in pharmaceutical
Bulk and Dosage Form. Journal of Chinese Chemist. Society, 54(1), 2007, 223-27.
[10] P. Ravikumar, M. Muralikrishna, P. Bhanuprakash, B. Anilkumar, and P. Madhusudhan. Derivative Spectrometric estimation of
Ondansetron and Paracetamol. E-Journal of Chemistry, 3(12), 2006, 134-36.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Effect of Turmeric Oil in Reproductive Efficiency of Immature Female Rats Exposed to Oxidative Stress Induced by Potassium Dichromate |
| Country | : | Iraq |
| Authors | : | Z. Kh. Jeber, F. Kh. Tawfeek |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0440913 |
Abstract:This study carried out to understand the effects of Potassium Dichromate (K2Cr2O7) and Turmeric
Oil (TO) on reproductive efficiency. Twenty four weanling immature female albino rats aged 22 day divided
randomly into 4 groups (6 rats in each group). 1st group received 0.1 ml dimethyle sulfoxide (DMSO) 5%
solution as a control (I/P for 14 day), 2nd group received K2Cr2O7 dissolved in distilled water (0.4 mg/kg, I/P,
for 14 day), 3rd group received TO dissolved in 5% DMSO solution (20 mg/kg, I/P, for 14 day), 4th group
received both K2Cr2O7 +TO (0.4 mg/kg, I/P +20 mg/kg, I/P, ½ h in between, for 14 day). Rats treated with
K2Cr2O7 show significant increase in Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and significant decreases in uterine and
ovarian weights, serum Glutathione (GSH) level, percentage of vaginal opening time and diameter of ovarian
follicles in categories (101-200), (201-300) and (>400), while those treated with TO show significant increase
in uterine and ovarian weights, percentage of vaginal opening time, serum GSH, and diameter of ovarian
follicles in categories (1-100) and (>400), with significant decrease in MDA level, moreover treatment with
K2Cr2O7 and TO together show significant increase in uterine and ovarian weights, percentage of vaginal time
opening, serum GHS level and diameter of ovarian follicles in categories (201-300) and (>400), with significant
decrease in MDA level. In conclusion, K2Cr2O7 has bad effects on reproductive efficiency of female rats and TO
have improvement on some of these effects.
Key Words: Turmeric oil, Potassium dichromate (VI), ovarian follicles, Immature rats.
Key Words: Turmeric oil, Potassium dichromate (VI), ovarian follicles, Immature rats.
[1] Achary, UR; Mishra, M; Mishra, I and Tripathy, II. Potential role of vitamins in chromium induced spermatogenesis in Swiss mice.
Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2004, 15: 53-59.
[2] Aggarwal, B; Kumar, A and Baharti, A. Anticancer potential of curcumin: Preclinical and clinical studies. Anticancer Res. 2003,
23: 363-398.
[3] Ammon, HP and Wahle, MA. Pharmacology of Curcuma longa. Planta Medica. 1991, 57: 1-7.
[4] Banu, SK; Samuel, JB; Arosh, JA; Burghardt, RC and Aruldhas, MM. Lactational exposure to hexavalent chromium delays
puberty by impairing ovarian development, steroidogenesis and pituitary hormone synthesis in develophng wister rats. Toxicol. and
Appl. Pharmacl. 2008, 232: 180-189.
[5] Barceloux, DG. Chromium. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 1999, 37: 180-189.
[6] Baychi, D; Stohs, SJ; Downs, BW; Bagchi, M and Preuss, HG. Cytotoxicity and oxidative mechanisms of different forms of
chromium. Toxicol. 2002, 180: 5-22.
[7] Beuge, JA and Aust, SD. Estimation of serum malondialdehyde level methods in enzymology. Academic Press. London, 1978.
[8] Blacksmith institute. Top 10 worst polluted sites. The blacksmith institute, New York, 2007.
[9] Burtis, CA and Ashwood, ER . Tietz text book of clinical chemistry. 3rd ed. Saunders Co.USA, 1999.
[10] Elbetieha, A and Al-Hamood, MH. Long term exposure effect on fertility of male and female mice to trivalent and hexvalent
chromium compounds. Toxicol. 1997, 116: 39-47.
Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2004, 15: 53-59.
[2] Aggarwal, B; Kumar, A and Baharti, A. Anticancer potential of curcumin: Preclinical and clinical studies. Anticancer Res. 2003,
23: 363-398.
[3] Ammon, HP and Wahle, MA. Pharmacology of Curcuma longa. Planta Medica. 1991, 57: 1-7.
[4] Banu, SK; Samuel, JB; Arosh, JA; Burghardt, RC and Aruldhas, MM. Lactational exposure to hexavalent chromium delays
puberty by impairing ovarian development, steroidogenesis and pituitary hormone synthesis in develophng wister rats. Toxicol. and
Appl. Pharmacl. 2008, 232: 180-189.
[5] Barceloux, DG. Chromium. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 1999, 37: 180-189.
[6] Baychi, D; Stohs, SJ; Downs, BW; Bagchi, M and Preuss, HG. Cytotoxicity and oxidative mechanisms of different forms of
chromium. Toxicol. 2002, 180: 5-22.
[7] Beuge, JA and Aust, SD. Estimation of serum malondialdehyde level methods in enzymology. Academic Press. London, 1978.
[8] Blacksmith institute. Top 10 worst polluted sites. The blacksmith institute, New York, 2007.
[9] Burtis, CA and Ashwood, ER . Tietz text book of clinical chemistry. 3rd ed. Saunders Co.USA, 1999.
[10] Elbetieha, A and Al-Hamood, MH. Long term exposure effect on fertility of male and female mice to trivalent and hexvalent
chromium compounds. Toxicol. 1997, 116: 39-47.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Isolation and Characterization of Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp from the Wastes of Hospital Patients and Poultry |
| Country | : | Bangladesh |
| Authors | : | Abanti Barua, Abu Sayeed Mohammad Mahmud, Muhammad Shahjalal Khan, Tarannum Taznin4, Muhammad Ehteshamul Haque , Faridul Islam, Naznin Akhtar, Md. Abdul Hakim |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0442936 |
Abstract:Total 20 Isolates Of E. Coli (12 From Poultry And 8 From Hospital) Were Isolated Randomly From
Poultry Farm Waste And Chittagong Medical College Hospital (Cmch) Liquid Waste. We Found Tetracycline
Resistant E. Coli (150μg/Ml) From The Poultry Farm Waste Sample And Ciprofloxacin Resistant Strain
(3000μg/Ml) From Hospital Waste. Our Finding Suggests That Antibiotic Should Not Be Used In The Growth
Promotion Of The Poultry Farm And The Use Of Antibiotics By The Respective Users Need To Be Monitored
Properly In Order To Avoid The Emergence Of Antibiotic Resistance In Bacteria.
Key Words:Multidrug resistant; hospital wastes; poultry wastes; Escherichia coli; Salmonella; ciprofloxacin and tetracycline.
Key Words:Multidrug resistant; hospital wastes; poultry wastes; Escherichia coli; Salmonella; ciprofloxacin and tetracycline.
[1] Cretikos, M., Telfer, B., and McAnulty, J. (2008). Enteric disease outbreak reporting, New South Wales, Australia, 2000 to 2005. N
SWPublic Health Bullettin, 19(1–2), 3–7.
[2] Castanon, J. I. (2007). History of the use of antibiotic as growth promoters in European poultry feeds. Poultry Science, 86, 2466–
2471.
[3] Armstrong GL, Hollingsworth J, Morris JGJr. (1996). Emerging food borne pathogens: Escherichia coli 0157: H7 as a model of
entry of a new pathogen into the food supply of the developed world. Epidemiological Review, 18, 29-51.
[4] Jawetz E, Melnick J, Adelberg EA. (1984). Review of Medical Microbiology. 16th ed. Los Altos, California: Long Medical
Publication, pp. 122-144.
[5] Barnes HJ and Gross WB. (1997). Colibacillosis in Diseases of Poultry. 10th ed. B. W. Calnek, (Ed.), Mosby-Wolf Publication Ltd.,
London, UK, pp.131–139.
[6] Daini OA, Ogbulo OD, Ogunledun A. (2005). Quinolones Resistance and R-plasmids of some gram negative enteric Bacilli. Afr. J.
Clin. and Exp. Micro., 6, 14-19.
[7] Gross WB. (1994). Diseases due to Escherichia coli in poultry. pp. 237–260. In Gyles CL (ed.) Escherichia coli in domesticated
animals and humans. CAB International. Wallingford, UK.
[8] Chakraborty P. (1995). A Text Book of Microbiology. 1st ed. New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd. pp.149-150.
[9] Crump JA, Lubsy SP and Mintz ED. (2004). The global burden of enteric fever. Bull. W. H. O., 82, 346-353.
[10] Bhal R and Bhatnagar S. (2005). Typhoid and paratyphoid fever. Lancet, 366, 749-762.
SWPublic Health Bullettin, 19(1–2), 3–7.
[2] Castanon, J. I. (2007). History of the use of antibiotic as growth promoters in European poultry feeds. Poultry Science, 86, 2466–
2471.
[3] Armstrong GL, Hollingsworth J, Morris JGJr. (1996). Emerging food borne pathogens: Escherichia coli 0157: H7 as a model of
entry of a new pathogen into the food supply of the developed world. Epidemiological Review, 18, 29-51.
[4] Jawetz E, Melnick J, Adelberg EA. (1984). Review of Medical Microbiology. 16th ed. Los Altos, California: Long Medical
Publication, pp. 122-144.
[5] Barnes HJ and Gross WB. (1997). Colibacillosis in Diseases of Poultry. 10th ed. B. W. Calnek, (Ed.), Mosby-Wolf Publication Ltd.,
London, UK, pp.131–139.
[6] Daini OA, Ogbulo OD, Ogunledun A. (2005). Quinolones Resistance and R-plasmids of some gram negative enteric Bacilli. Afr. J.
Clin. and Exp. Micro., 6, 14-19.
[7] Gross WB. (1994). Diseases due to Escherichia coli in poultry. pp. 237–260. In Gyles CL (ed.) Escherichia coli in domesticated
animals and humans. CAB International. Wallingford, UK.
[8] Chakraborty P. (1995). A Text Book of Microbiology. 1st ed. New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd. pp.149-150.
[9] Crump JA, Lubsy SP and Mintz ED. (2004). The global burden of enteric fever. Bull. W. H. O., 82, 346-353.
[10] Bhal R and Bhatnagar S. (2005). Typhoid and paratyphoid fever. Lancet, 366, 749-762.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Mitochondrial Filamentation: Some Methods of Isolation and Assay |
| Country | : | Spain |
| Authors | : | Mario Gosalvez, MD, PhD |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0443739 |
Abstract:Working transiently but recurrently, during more than 40 years we managed to achieve the isolation of
cellular mitochondria by differential centrifugation with less mechanical, thermal and chemical trauma; mostly from
rodents' livers, kidneys and brains, and principally at moments of deep rest.
The mitochondria present new substructures: filaments, cones and veils. Filamented mitochondria have
different rates of oxidative phosphorylation loss, adenosine triphosphatase activity and glycolysis
compartmentalization.
[1] Gosalvez, M and Weinhose, S. (1976) Control Mechanism of Oxygen and Glucose Utilization in Tumours. Advances in Experimental
Biology and Medicine. 75:587-596
[2] Cortes-Funes, H; Brugarolas A and Gosalvez, M (1980) Quelamycin: A summary of phase I clinical trials. In : Recent Results in Cancer
Research. 74: 200-206. G Mathe and F Muggia Eds.
[3] Gosalvez M. Bases for design of pharmacological effectors acting on plasma membrane receptors. Biochemical Society Transactions,
1981, (1), 151-152
[4] Brugarolas, A and Gosalvez, M.(1982) Preliminary clinical results with Norgamem (Thioproline) and Revercan (2-amino-2-thiazoline):
The first inducers of reverse transformation. In: "Adjuvant Therapies of cancer" G Mathe, G Bonnadona and S Salmon Eds. Springer –
Verlag. Germany, Recent Results in cancer Research 76:346-350.
[5] Gosalvez y Gosalvez, M. "The Zipper Mechanism". Comercial Malvar. Madrid. Spain. 1982.
[6] Gosalvez, M. Thioproline and reversal of cancer. The Lancet. 1983, 14; 1(8333): 1108
[7] Gosalvez, M. Carcinogenesis with the insecticide rotenone. Life Sciences. 1983; 32 (8):809-16
[8] Gosalvez, M ; Blanco, M; Bueno M and Balaguer, R. Treatment of Leukemia 1210 Intravenous Transplants with Tumour Modifiers,
Redoubt Cytotoxics and Minor Tranquilizers. Lubec G and Rosenthal GA Eds. In: "Aminoacids, Chemistry, Biology and Medicine".
Escom Sciences Publishers. p 700-711,1990.
[9] Gosalvez, M Cancer Reversal by Dual Strategy. Editorial Gober. Madrid. Spain. 1992
[10] Gosalvez, M; Blanco, M; Testillano, PS and Risueño, C. Warm Low Stress Isolated Filamented Mitochondria (1996). 2nd World
Gongress of CMB.Cellular and Molecular Biology, R Wegmann Ed..Paris. 47/Congress Suppl. Abstract 4S 3. Ottawa. Canada.
Biology and Medicine. 75:587-596
[2] Cortes-Funes, H; Brugarolas A and Gosalvez, M (1980) Quelamycin: A summary of phase I clinical trials. In : Recent Results in Cancer
Research. 74: 200-206. G Mathe and F Muggia Eds.
[3] Gosalvez M. Bases for design of pharmacological effectors acting on plasma membrane receptors. Biochemical Society Transactions,
1981, (1), 151-152
[4] Brugarolas, A and Gosalvez, M.(1982) Preliminary clinical results with Norgamem (Thioproline) and Revercan (2-amino-2-thiazoline):
The first inducers of reverse transformation. In: "Adjuvant Therapies of cancer" G Mathe, G Bonnadona and S Salmon Eds. Springer –
Verlag. Germany, Recent Results in cancer Research 76:346-350.
[5] Gosalvez y Gosalvez, M. "The Zipper Mechanism". Comercial Malvar. Madrid. Spain. 1982.
[6] Gosalvez, M. Thioproline and reversal of cancer. The Lancet. 1983, 14; 1(8333): 1108
[7] Gosalvez, M. Carcinogenesis with the insecticide rotenone. Life Sciences. 1983; 32 (8):809-16
[8] Gosalvez, M ; Blanco, M; Bueno M and Balaguer, R. Treatment of Leukemia 1210 Intravenous Transplants with Tumour Modifiers,
Redoubt Cytotoxics and Minor Tranquilizers. Lubec G and Rosenthal GA Eds. In: "Aminoacids, Chemistry, Biology and Medicine".
Escom Sciences Publishers. p 700-711,1990.
[9] Gosalvez, M Cancer Reversal by Dual Strategy. Editorial Gober. Madrid. Spain. 1992
[10] Gosalvez, M; Blanco, M; Testillano, PS and Risueño, C. Warm Low Stress Isolated Filamented Mitochondria (1996). 2nd World
Gongress of CMB.Cellular and Molecular Biology, R Wegmann Ed..Paris. 47/Congress Suppl. Abstract 4S 3. Ottawa. Canada.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Paper sludge induced physiological changes in the antioxidative response system of Solanum melongena L. |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Manorama Mishra and Surjendu Kumar Dey |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0444042 |
Abstract:Safe and economical disposal of paper mill sludge is a key to pollution free environment. A study was conducted to examine the effect of paper sludge amendment on the antioxidant defence system of Solanum melongena L. The changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase along with level of lipid peroxidation were comparatively studied. Treatments with five replicates consisted of 0, 10, 20, 50 and 80% paper mill sludge. Leaves of both control and treated seedlings were taken for experiment. The activities of catalase and peroxidase were found to be maximum in 10% sludge treatment indicating the maximum protection against oxidative damage. Superoxide dismutase activity was also found to be highest in 10% sludge showing the increasing capacity of the cells to scavenge the superoxide radicals generated. The lower level of lipid peroxidation in 10% sludge indicated the ideal condition for healthy growth of the plant.
Key words: Antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, oxidative damage, paper mill sludge
Key words: Antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, oxidative damage, paper mill sludge
[1] B. G. Billitewski, G. Hardtle and Marek, K. , Abfall-wirtschaft. Springer, Berlin. 1990.
[2] J. Hocking, Regulation of discharge of agrochlorines from pulp mills in Canada. Environ. Mgmt. 15, 1991, 195-204.
[3] L. Beyer, K. Mueller, Combined application of secondary paper mill sludges and cattle slurry: Soil risk or soil improvement. Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry, 47, 1995, 243-249.
[4] J.H. Edwards, Composition and use of uncomposted waste paper and other organics, 1997, p. 163-184.
[5] B. V. Somashekaraiah, K. Padmaja, K. Prasad, and A. R. K., Phytotoxicity of cadmium ions on germinated seedlings of mung bean (Phaseolus vulgaris): involvement of lipid peroxide in chlorophyll degradation, Journal of Plant Physiology, 85, 1992, 85- 89.
[6] A. Chaoui, S. Mazhoudi, M. N. Ghorbal, M. N. Ferjani, E. E., Cadmium and zinc induction of lipid peroxidation and effects on antioxidant enzymes activities in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ), Journal of Plant Sci., 127, 1997, 139- 147.
[7] J. E. J. Weckx and H. M. M. Clijsters, Zn phytotoxicity induces oxidative stress in primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris, Journal of Plant Physiol. Biochem., 35, 1997, 405- 410.
[8] W. Ch. Fang and H. Ch. Kao, Enhanced peroxidase activity in rice leaves in response to excess iron, copper and zinc, Journal of plant Sci.,158, 2000, 71- 76.
[9] R. K. Tewari, P. Kumar, P. N. Sharma and S. S. Bisht, Modulation of oxidative stress responsive enzymes by excess cobalt, Journal of Plant Sci., 162, 2002, 381- 388.
[10] R. L. Heath and L. Packer , Photooxidation in isolated chloroplasts. I. Kinetics and Stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 125, 1968, 189-198.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Dynamics of Metabolism in Rana tigrina-A Comparative Biochemical Study between Blood Glucose and Serum Cholesterol during summer and Winter Sleep. |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Anupama Kumari, Rajan Verma and Richa Bharti |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0444344 |
Abstract:In the present investigation, effects of successive rising and falling temperature during summer and winter respectively were studied to observe the dynamics of metabolism in Rana tigrina with special reference to a comparative biochemical study observed that the successive rising and falling temperature caused a gradual and significant (P<0.01) rise and fall respectively during the summer and winter sleep in blood glucose level as well as serum cholesterol level in Rana tigrina. The hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia might be one of the major impelling causes of 'Aestivation and the hypoglycemia and hypocholesterolemia might be one of the impelling causes of Hibernation'.
Key words: Hibernation, Aestivation, Hyperglycemia, Hypercholesterolemia, Dynamics and Metabolism.
Key words: Hibernation, Aestivation, Hyperglycemia, Hypercholesterolemia, Dynamics and Metabolism.
Thesis: [1] Bahadur, A. Effect of rising environmental temperature on the metabolism of common frog – Rana tigrina with special reference to serum electrolyte concentration, Ph.D. thesis L.N.M.U. Darbhanga, 1993.
[2] Govil, S.C. Studies on the Changes before hibernation in poikilothermic vertebrate Rana tigrina. Ph.D. thesis, L.N.M.U. Darbhanga, 1985.
[3] Kumar, S. Seasonal variation in the metabolism of the common Indian frog Rana tigrina with special reference to serum electrolyte concentration. Ph.D. thesis, University of Bihar, Muzaffarpur, 1992.
[4] Verma, K.P. Observations on the changes before summer sleep (Aestivation) in common frog – Rana tigrina. Ph.D. thesis, L.M.N.U. Darbhanga, 1984.
Books: [5] Varley, H. Practical Biochemistry. 4th edition (Indian) Amold Heinemann publishers, (New Delhi, 1976) pp. 88 – 89 & 309 – 311.
[2] Govil, S.C. Studies on the Changes before hibernation in poikilothermic vertebrate Rana tigrina. Ph.D. thesis, L.N.M.U. Darbhanga, 1985.
[3] Kumar, S. Seasonal variation in the metabolism of the common Indian frog Rana tigrina with special reference to serum electrolyte concentration. Ph.D. thesis, University of Bihar, Muzaffarpur, 1992.
[4] Verma, K.P. Observations on the changes before summer sleep (Aestivation) in common frog – Rana tigrina. Ph.D. thesis, L.M.N.U. Darbhanga, 1984.
Books: [5] Varley, H. Practical Biochemistry. 4th edition (Indian) Amold Heinemann publishers, (New Delhi, 1976) pp. 88 – 89 & 309 – 311.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Critical Study of Aushadhi Sevana Kala with special reference to Chronopharmacology |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Dr. Archana R. Belge, Dr. Omprakash W. Talokar, Dr. Raman S. Belge |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0444553 |
Abstract:Chronobiology is the Science dealing with the phenomenon of Biological rhythmicity in living organisms. Chronopharmacology is the branch dealing with the Pharmacologic aspects of Chronobiology.The knowledge of rhythmic temporal patterns is essential for effective Ayurvedic treatments. The different Aushadhi Sevana Kalas are defined according to the biological clocks. The ultimate goal of attaining equilibrium in the Doshas and Dhatus can very well be done by suggesting a proper Aushadhi Sevana Kala. The present article is an attempt made to have a Critical Study of Aushadhi Sevana Kala with special reference to Chronopharmacology.
Key Words: Aushadhi Sevana Kala, Chronopharmacology, Circadian Rhythms
Key Words: Aushadhi Sevana Kala, Chronopharmacology, Circadian Rhythms
[1] Davidson's Principles & Practice of medicine, Christopher Haslett, Edwin R. Chilvers, John A.A. Hunter, Nicholas A. Boon, 20th edition, Churchill Livingstone, 2009, pp. 670
[2] Dr. Manjunatha. T. Sasanoor et al, Importance of Bhaishajya Kala in the Management of Diseases, International Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine,2:2 (2012),pp. 353-365
[3] Caraka, Caraka Samhita In Chikitsasthana 30/296; Shastri Kashinatha, Chaturvedi Gorakhnatha; Chowkhamba Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 20th ed; 1994 Vol. II, pp. 880
[4] Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita In Uttartantra 64/65 , Sharma Anantaram, Chowkhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi,1st ed., 2004 Vol. II, pp. 570
[5] Vagbhata, Ashtanga Sangraha In Sutrasthana 23/12, Tripathi Ravidatta, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan, Dilli,1st ed. 2001 pp. 428
[6] Sharangdhara, Sharangdhara Samhita In Purvakhanda 2/1-12, Tripathi Brahmananda, Chowkhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi, 2nd ed., 2006. pp. 24
[7] Smolensky M.H., Reinberg A. Aspects of Human Chronopathology, In Biological Rhythms and Medicine, Cellular, Metabolic, Physiopathologic Aspects, eds. Springer Verlag: New York, pp. 131-209
[2] Dr. Manjunatha. T. Sasanoor et al, Importance of Bhaishajya Kala in the Management of Diseases, International Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine,2:2 (2012),pp. 353-365
[3] Caraka, Caraka Samhita In Chikitsasthana 30/296; Shastri Kashinatha, Chaturvedi Gorakhnatha; Chowkhamba Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 20th ed; 1994 Vol. II, pp. 880
[4] Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita In Uttartantra 64/65 , Sharma Anantaram, Chowkhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi,1st ed., 2004 Vol. II, pp. 570
[5] Vagbhata, Ashtanga Sangraha In Sutrasthana 23/12, Tripathi Ravidatta, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan, Dilli,1st ed. 2001 pp. 428
[6] Sharangdhara, Sharangdhara Samhita In Purvakhanda 2/1-12, Tripathi Brahmananda, Chowkhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi, 2nd ed., 2006. pp. 24
[7] Smolensky M.H., Reinberg A. Aspects of Human Chronopathology, In Biological Rhythms and Medicine, Cellular, Metabolic, Physiopathologic Aspects, eds. Springer Verlag: New York, pp. 131-209
- Citation
- Abstract
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Studies Of Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Aqueous Extract Of Ganoderma Lucidum in Mice and Wister Rats |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Mohammed A, Tanko Y., Mohammed K.A and Yaro A.H. |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0445457 |
Abstract:The aqueous extract of Ganoderma lucidum was investigated for analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in rodents. Investigations for analgesic effect was carried out employing the acetic acid- induced writhing in mice and the anti-inflammatory effect the hind paw edema method was employed in Wistar rats Results showed the aqueous extract to have a significant (p<0.05) analgesic activity at the doses of 50, 100 and 150mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally in mice. Also, the extract showed a significant (p<0.05) anti-inflammatory activity at doses of 50, 100 and 150mg/kg body weight. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the aqueous extract revealed the presences of Glycosides, Saponins, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Steroids and Reducing sugars. The extract had an LD50 of 3.5g/kg body weight in Wistar rats. The results of this study confirms that the aqueous extract of Ganoderma lucidum have analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in mice and rats.
Key words: Ganoderma lucidum: acetic acid induced writhing: analgesic: anti-inflammatory.
Key words: Ganoderma lucidum: acetic acid induced writhing: analgesic: anti-inflammatory.
[1] Chang,S.T.,and Buswell,J.A.(1996).Mushroom nutriceuticals.World J.Microbiol Biotechnol.12:473-476.
[2] Yoon, S. Y., Eo, S. K., Kim, Y. S., Lee, C. K. and Han, S. S.(1994) Antimicrobial activity of Garnoderma lucidum extracts alone and in combination with some antibiotics. Arch. Pharm.Res. 17, 438-442.
[3] Wang, S. Y., Hsu, M. L., Hsu, H. C., Tzeng, C. H., Lee, S. S.,Shiao, M. S. and Ho, C. K.(1997) The anti-tumor effect of Garnoderma lucidum is mediated by cytokines released from activated macrophages and T lymphocytes. Int. J. Cancer 70,699- 705.
[4] El-Mekkawy, S., Meselhy, M. R., Nakamura, N., Tezuka, Y.,Hattori, M., Kakiuchi, N., Shimotohno, K., Kawahata, T. and Otake, T. (1998) Anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-1- Protease substances from Garnoderma lucidum. hytochemistry 49,1651-1657.
[5] Eo, S. K., Kim, Y. S., Lee, C. K. and Han, S. S. (2000) Possible mode of antiviral activity of acidic protein bound polysaccharide isolated from Ganoderma lucidum on herpes simplex viruses. J. Ethnopharmacol. 72, 475-481.
[6] Lin J.M., Lin, C.C., Chiu, H.F, Yang, J.J., and Lee, S.G.( 1993): Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and liver protective effects of anoectochils formosanus,Ganoderma lucidum and Gynostemma pentaphyllum in rats. Am J clin Med, 21(1);59-69.
[7] Lin, J. M., Lin, C. C., Chen, M. F., Ujiie, T. and Takada, A.(1995) Radical scavenger and antihepatotoxic activity of Garnoderma formosanum, Garnoderma lucidum and Garnoderma neo-japonicum. J. Ethopharmacol. 47, 33-41.
[8] Lorke, D. (1983): A new approach to acute toxicity testing. Archives of Toxicology 54, 275-287.
[9] Trease, G.E., Evans, M.C. (1983): Textbook of pharmacognosy. 12th edition Ballieke Tindall. London. pp 343-383.
[10] Koster, R., Anderson, M., Debeer E.J. (1959). Acetic acid for analgesic screening Federation proceedings. 18; 412.
[2] Yoon, S. Y., Eo, S. K., Kim, Y. S., Lee, C. K. and Han, S. S.(1994) Antimicrobial activity of Garnoderma lucidum extracts alone and in combination with some antibiotics. Arch. Pharm.Res. 17, 438-442.
[3] Wang, S. Y., Hsu, M. L., Hsu, H. C., Tzeng, C. H., Lee, S. S.,Shiao, M. S. and Ho, C. K.(1997) The anti-tumor effect of Garnoderma lucidum is mediated by cytokines released from activated macrophages and T lymphocytes. Int. J. Cancer 70,699- 705.
[4] El-Mekkawy, S., Meselhy, M. R., Nakamura, N., Tezuka, Y.,Hattori, M., Kakiuchi, N., Shimotohno, K., Kawahata, T. and Otake, T. (1998) Anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-1- Protease substances from Garnoderma lucidum. hytochemistry 49,1651-1657.
[5] Eo, S. K., Kim, Y. S., Lee, C. K. and Han, S. S. (2000) Possible mode of antiviral activity of acidic protein bound polysaccharide isolated from Ganoderma lucidum on herpes simplex viruses. J. Ethnopharmacol. 72, 475-481.
[6] Lin J.M., Lin, C.C., Chiu, H.F, Yang, J.J., and Lee, S.G.( 1993): Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and liver protective effects of anoectochils formosanus,Ganoderma lucidum and Gynostemma pentaphyllum in rats. Am J clin Med, 21(1);59-69.
[7] Lin, J. M., Lin, C. C., Chen, M. F., Ujiie, T. and Takada, A.(1995) Radical scavenger and antihepatotoxic activity of Garnoderma formosanum, Garnoderma lucidum and Garnoderma neo-japonicum. J. Ethopharmacol. 47, 33-41.
[8] Lorke, D. (1983): A new approach to acute toxicity testing. Archives of Toxicology 54, 275-287.
[9] Trease, G.E., Evans, M.C. (1983): Textbook of pharmacognosy. 12th edition Ballieke Tindall. London. pp 343-383.
[10] Koster, R., Anderson, M., Debeer E.J. (1959). Acetic acid for analgesic screening Federation proceedings. 18; 412.