Volume-3 ~ Issue-5
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Optimization of Xylose yield from water hyacinth for ethanol production using Taguchi Technique |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | A. Ganguly, S. Das, A. Dey, R. Das, P. K. Chatterjee |
 |
: | 10.9790/3008-0350109  |
Abstract:The conversion of water hyacinth to ethanol can be achieved by pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis
and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. The utilization of both cellulose and hemicellulosic sugars
such as hexose, pentose and the like present in the hydrolysate is essential for the economical production of
ethanol. Water hyacinth requires pretreatment in order to enhance the susceptibility of the biomass during
hydrolysis. The present study, aims at applying a simple and reliable pretreatment process with dilute sulfuric
acid hydrolysis for the conversion of water hyacinth to xylose. In this study, a systematic and robust
optimization strategy was adopted to find out the optimum settings of the process parameters for enhanced
production of xylose from water hyacinth using Taguchi's parameter design. From confirmation experiments,
the mean value of the xylose yield corresponding to the optimum conditions was obtained as 65.03 mg g-1, which
is close to the predicted range.
Keywords:Bioconversion, pretreatment, taguchi method, water hyacinth, xylose yield
Keywords:Bioconversion, pretreatment, taguchi method, water hyacinth, xylose yield
[1] Nigam JN. Bioconversion of water-hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) hemicellulose acid hydrolysate to motor fuel ethanol by xylosefermenting
yeast. J Biotechnol, 97, 2002, 107-116.
[2] Shonnard DR. Applications of Molecular Biotechnology Ethanol Production from Cellulosic Biomass. Biochemical Processes.
USA: Michigan Technological University; 2003.
[3] Purwadi R, Niklasson C, Taherzadeh MJ. Kinetic study of detoxification of dilute-acid hydrolyzates by Ca(OH)2. J Biotechnol, 114,
2004, 187-198.
[4] Saha BC, Lten LB, Cotta MA, Wu YV. Dilute acid pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification, and fermentation of wheat straw to
ethanol. Proc Biochem, 40, 2005, 3693-3700.
[5] Dehnad K. Quality control, robust design, and the Taguchi method. CA: Wadsworth and Brooks: Pacific Grove; 1989.
[6] Bhunia B, Dutta D, Chaudhuri S. Selection of Suitable Carbon, Nitrogen and Sulphate Source for the Production of Alkaline
Protease by Bacillus licheniformis NCIM-2042. Not Sci Biol, 2010;2:56.
[7] Chauhan B, Gupta R. Application of statistical experimental design for optimization of alkaline protease production from Bacillus
sp. RGR-14. Process Biochem, 39, 2004, 2115-2122.
[8] Bhunia B, Dutta D, Chaudhuri S. Selection of Suitable Carbon, Nitrogen and Sulphate Source for the Production of Alkaline
Protease by Bacillus licheniformis NCIM-2042. Not Sci Biol 2010;2:56.
[9] Montgomery DC. Design and analysis of experiments. 4th ed. New york: John Wiley; 1997.
[10] Elberts TJ, Sample RH, Glick MR, Ellis GH. A simplified, colorimetric micro method for xylose in serum or urine, with
phloroglucinol. Clin Chem, 25, 1979, 1440-1443.
yeast. J Biotechnol, 97, 2002, 107-116.
[2] Shonnard DR. Applications of Molecular Biotechnology Ethanol Production from Cellulosic Biomass. Biochemical Processes.
USA: Michigan Technological University; 2003.
[3] Purwadi R, Niklasson C, Taherzadeh MJ. Kinetic study of detoxification of dilute-acid hydrolyzates by Ca(OH)2. J Biotechnol, 114,
2004, 187-198.
[4] Saha BC, Lten LB, Cotta MA, Wu YV. Dilute acid pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification, and fermentation of wheat straw to
ethanol. Proc Biochem, 40, 2005, 3693-3700.
[5] Dehnad K. Quality control, robust design, and the Taguchi method. CA: Wadsworth and Brooks: Pacific Grove; 1989.
[6] Bhunia B, Dutta D, Chaudhuri S. Selection of Suitable Carbon, Nitrogen and Sulphate Source for the Production of Alkaline
Protease by Bacillus licheniformis NCIM-2042. Not Sci Biol, 2010;2:56.
[7] Chauhan B, Gupta R. Application of statistical experimental design for optimization of alkaline protease production from Bacillus
sp. RGR-14. Process Biochem, 39, 2004, 2115-2122.
[8] Bhunia B, Dutta D, Chaudhuri S. Selection of Suitable Carbon, Nitrogen and Sulphate Source for the Production of Alkaline
Protease by Bacillus licheniformis NCIM-2042. Not Sci Biol 2010;2:56.
[9] Montgomery DC. Design and analysis of experiments. 4th ed. New york: John Wiley; 1997.
[10] Elberts TJ, Sample RH, Glick MR, Ellis GH. A simplified, colorimetric micro method for xylose in serum or urine, with
phloroglucinol. Clin Chem, 25, 1979, 1440-1443.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | The Survey of Mosquitoe Species and Implications for Malaria Transmission in Ebonyi State Abakaliki Ebonyi State, Nigeria |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Odikamnoro, O. O; Uhuo, C. A; |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0351012 |
Abstract :The survey of major mosquitoe species was conducted in ten locations in Ebonyi State University
Abakaliki using different mosquito tools. The study revealed that several mosquitoe species belonging to three
genera (Aedes, Anopheles, and culex) which are known vectors of different diseases (malaria, filariasis, yellow
fever, dengue fever, encephalitis) where implicated. A total of 353 larvae and 477 adults were identified with
three species of Aedes and 2 species each of anopheles and culex. Anopheles gambiae was the most abundant
species collected (34.6%) followed by the complex anopheles funestus (brucei) 27.5%) Culex quinquefasciatus
(23.55) Aedes tayolori (1.2%). It was observed that the abundance of mosquito in the study area were as a
result of general contributory factors such as water, shade, lack of predators and temperature. However,
strategic measure such as environmental cleanliness, use as insecticide treated nets as well as public
orientation and health education will assist the masses for effective control and prevention.
Keyword: Survey, mosquitoe, diseases, malaria, surveillance
Keyword: Survey, mosquitoe, diseases, malaria, surveillance
[1]. Allan, S. A and Edman, J. D. (1989). Studies on breeding sites of mosquitoe species (Dipteran culicidae) in Eldoret. Annual Review
of Entomology, 32: 297-316.
[2]. Bequaert, J. (2000). The re- emergence of Quinquefasciatus in Arizona. Bulletin of Brooklyn. Entomological Society 14: 157-158.
[3]. Edward, R. A. (1941). A Catalogue of African Mosquitoes (Diptera culicidae) (2nd ed) McGraw Hill, London. 425 pp.
[4]. Gillet, J. D. (1972). Common African Mosquitoes and their medical importance. William Heineman, Medical Book Ltd London,
353pp.
[5]. Gillies, M. T. (1986). Mosquitoes of the South Saharan African (Anophelin) (3rd ed) Weidenfeld and Nicolsor London 574pp.
[6]. Harbachs, R. E. and Knight, K. L (1981). Mosquitoes systematic. Glossary of mosquito Anatomy, 13: 201-217.
[7]. Harrison, B. A. Tunell, M. J., O' Guin, M. L Sardelis, M. R., and Jonusr D. J. (2001). Preparing for west nile virus and
multidirectional surveillance and control. Annals of the Entomological Society of American 94: 574-582.
[8]. Service, M. W. (1993) Mosquitoes (Gulicidea), Lanes R. P. and Cross key R. W (Editors) Medical insects and Arachnids. Chapman
and Hall, London. 238pp.
[9]. Weinsten, P. J, Laired, M. D, and Brome, G (1997) Pest Management Strategy for exotic mosquitoes of public health significance.
Journal of Medical Entomology 19: 189-195.
of Entomology, 32: 297-316.
[2]. Bequaert, J. (2000). The re- emergence of Quinquefasciatus in Arizona. Bulletin of Brooklyn. Entomological Society 14: 157-158.
[3]. Edward, R. A. (1941). A Catalogue of African Mosquitoes (Diptera culicidae) (2nd ed) McGraw Hill, London. 425 pp.
[4]. Gillet, J. D. (1972). Common African Mosquitoes and their medical importance. William Heineman, Medical Book Ltd London,
353pp.
[5]. Gillies, M. T. (1986). Mosquitoes of the South Saharan African (Anophelin) (3rd ed) Weidenfeld and Nicolsor London 574pp.
[6]. Harbachs, R. E. and Knight, K. L (1981). Mosquitoes systematic. Glossary of mosquito Anatomy, 13: 201-217.
[7]. Harrison, B. A. Tunell, M. J., O' Guin, M. L Sardelis, M. R., and Jonusr D. J. (2001). Preparing for west nile virus and
multidirectional surveillance and control. Annals of the Entomological Society of American 94: 574-582.
[8]. Service, M. W. (1993) Mosquitoes (Gulicidea), Lanes R. P. and Cross key R. W (Editors) Medical insects and Arachnids. Chapman
and Hall, London. 238pp.
[9]. Weinsten, P. J, Laired, M. D, and Brome, G (1997) Pest Management Strategy for exotic mosquitoes of public health significance.
Journal of Medical Entomology 19: 189-195.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Association of low anti oxidant status with hypertension: cause or consequence |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Dr. Rasmita Kumari Padhy Dr.Suvendu Sekhar Acharya,Dr. Nirupama Devi, Dr. Roma Rattan, Dr. Srikrushna Mahapatra |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0351318 |
Abstract:Background and objectives: Recent studies imply an increasing association of oxidative stress in the
pathogenesis of hypertension. This study was designed to evaluate oxidative stress in hypertensive subjects and
to assess the correlation of antioxidant status with the severity of hypertension.
Material and methods: Ninety-six hypertensive cases were divided into three groups based on severity
of hypertension as per JNC VII classification. Lipid profile, antioxidant power of serum(FRAP assay) and
oxidant load of serum(FOX2) of hypertensive cases were compared with an equal number of age and sex
matched healthy normotensive controls. Data was analysed by Student's t test and Pearson's correlation.
Key Words:hypertension, oxidative stress, antioxidant load
Key Words:hypertension, oxidative stress, antioxidant load
[1] Park K. Hypertension. In Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine 20th edition Park K. Jabalpur: M/S Banarasidas Bhanot
2009; 323-327.
[2] Harrison's principles of Internal Medicine 18 th edition volume2 ;2042-2048
[3] Rodrigo R, Passalacqua W, Araya J, Orellana M, Rivera G:Implications of oxidative stress and homocysteine in the
pathophysiology of essential hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2003; 42: 453–461.
[4] Miyajima K, Minatoguchi S, Ito Y, et al: Reduction of QTc dispersion by the angiotensin II receptor blocker valsartan may be
related to its anti-oxidative stress effect in patients with hypertension. Hypertens Res 2007; 30: 307–316.
[5] Pedro-Botet J, Covas MI, Martin S, Rubies-Prat J: Decreased endogenous antioxidant enzymatic status in essential hypertension. J
Hum Hypertens 2000; 14: 343–345
[6] Lassègue B, Griendling K: Reactive oxygen species in hypertension. An update. Am J Hypertens 2004; 17: 852–860.
[7] Touyz RM, Schiffrin EL: Reactive oxygen species in vascular biology: implications in hypertension. Histochem Cell Biol 2004;
122: 339–352.
[8] Dusting GJ, Akita K, Hickey H, Smith M, Gurevich V: Cyclosporin A and tacrolimus (FK506) suppress expression of inducible
nitric oxide synthase in vitro by different mechanisms. Br J Pharmacol 1999; 128: 337–344.
[9] Zicha J, Dobesova Z, Kunes J: Relative deficiency of nitric oxide−dependent vasodilation in salt-hypertensive Dahl rats: the
possible role of superoxide anions. J Hypertens 2001; 19: 247–254.
[10] Iris F.F. Benzie and J.J.The Ferrc Reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a Measure of "Antioxidant Power"; the FRAP assay.
Strain analytical Biochemistry 239. 70-76 (1996) no.0292
2009; 323-327.
[2] Harrison's principles of Internal Medicine 18 th edition volume2 ;2042-2048
[3] Rodrigo R, Passalacqua W, Araya J, Orellana M, Rivera G:Implications of oxidative stress and homocysteine in the
pathophysiology of essential hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2003; 42: 453–461.
[4] Miyajima K, Minatoguchi S, Ito Y, et al: Reduction of QTc dispersion by the angiotensin II receptor blocker valsartan may be
related to its anti-oxidative stress effect in patients with hypertension. Hypertens Res 2007; 30: 307–316.
[5] Pedro-Botet J, Covas MI, Martin S, Rubies-Prat J: Decreased endogenous antioxidant enzymatic status in essential hypertension. J
Hum Hypertens 2000; 14: 343–345
[6] Lassègue B, Griendling K: Reactive oxygen species in hypertension. An update. Am J Hypertens 2004; 17: 852–860.
[7] Touyz RM, Schiffrin EL: Reactive oxygen species in vascular biology: implications in hypertension. Histochem Cell Biol 2004;
122: 339–352.
[8] Dusting GJ, Akita K, Hickey H, Smith M, Gurevich V: Cyclosporin A and tacrolimus (FK506) suppress expression of inducible
nitric oxide synthase in vitro by different mechanisms. Br J Pharmacol 1999; 128: 337–344.
[9] Zicha J, Dobesova Z, Kunes J: Relative deficiency of nitric oxide−dependent vasodilation in salt-hypertensive Dahl rats: the
possible role of superoxide anions. J Hypertens 2001; 19: 247–254.
[10] Iris F.F. Benzie and J.J.The Ferrc Reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a Measure of "Antioxidant Power"; the FRAP assay.
Strain analytical Biochemistry 239. 70-76 (1996) no.0292
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Modulatory Effects Of Hygrophila auriculata on Total Proteins< And Nucleic Acids In N-Nitrosodiethylamine Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Rats. |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Dr.S.Premkumari,Dr. M.P. Balasubramanian |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0351922 |
Abstract:This study was designed to investigate the Modulatory effect of Hygrophila auriculata on Total
Proteins and Nucleic acids in N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. Experimental
rats were divided into different groups: normal, N- nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocellular carcinoma
(HCC) bearing rats, Hygrophila auriculata( H. auriculata )treated hepatocellular carcinoma bearing rats, (200
mg/kg body weight doses for 28 days), animals treated with plant extract alone for 28 days. After the treatment
period, on 28th day the level of Total Proteins and Nucleic acids was assayed and compared with control. These
parameters were altered significantly in hepatocellular carcinoma bearing rats. The methanolic extract of H.
auriculata (200 mg/kg) significantly reverted these altered Total Proteins and Nucleic acids level to near
normal in H.auriculata treated group III carcinoma bearing rats at the end of the treatment period (28days).
However, the changes in the above parameters were comparable with control. Thus, methanolic extract of H.
auriculata reverted the altered level of Total Proteins and Nucleic acids which is regulated differently during
tumour growth and associated with development of hepatomas to near normal in HCC bearing rats due to the
presence of polyphenols and flavonoids in the plant extract.
Key Words: Hepatocellular carcinoma, , oxidative stress, Hygrophila auriculata ,Total Proteins and Nucleic acids.
Key Words: Hepatocellular carcinoma, , oxidative stress, Hygrophila auriculata ,Total Proteins and Nucleic acids.
[1] F.M.Ward and M.S.Daly. Hepatic disease. In: Walker R, Edwards C, editors. Clinical pharmacy and Therapeutics. (Churchill
Livingstone: NewYork, 1999) 195-212.
[2] G.N. Wogan .Impacts of chemicals on liver cancer risk. Semin. Cancer. Biol, 2000, 201-210.
[3] G .Lucier and G.E.R Hook .Dietary mutagens special issue. Environ. Health Perspect, 1986, 67-72.
[4] S.S. Hecht. Approaches to cancer prevention based on an understanding of N-nitrosamine carcinogenesis. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol.
Med., 216, 1997, 181-191.
[5] M.C.Archer. Mechanism of action of N-nitrosocompounds. Cancer Surv., 8, 1989, 241-250.
[6] D .Nakae, Y. Kobayashi, H Akai, N .Andoh, H. Satoh and K .Ohashi .Involvement of 8-hydroxyguanine formation in the
intiation of rat liver carcinogenesis by low dose levels of N-nitrosodiethylamine, Cancer Res.
57,1997, 1281-1287.
[7] B .Halliwell and J.M.C. Gutteridge). Protection against oxidants in biological systems: the superoxide theory of oxygen toxicity,
in: K.H. Cheeseman, T.F. Slater (Eds), Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1989) 144-147.
[8] L.W .Wattenberg. Chemoprevention of cancer. Cancer Res., 45, 1985, 1.
[9] P. Bairaj and S. Nagarajan .Apigenin- 7-0-Glucuronide from the flowers of Asteracantha longifolia Nees. India Drugs. 1982, 150-
152.
[10] A.K .Tiwari. Antioxidants: New-generation therapeutic base for treatment of polygenic disorders. Curr Sci,86, 2004,1092-1100.
Livingstone: NewYork, 1999) 195-212.
[2] G.N. Wogan .Impacts of chemicals on liver cancer risk. Semin. Cancer. Biol, 2000, 201-210.
[3] G .Lucier and G.E.R Hook .Dietary mutagens special issue. Environ. Health Perspect, 1986, 67-72.
[4] S.S. Hecht. Approaches to cancer prevention based on an understanding of N-nitrosamine carcinogenesis. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol.
Med., 216, 1997, 181-191.
[5] M.C.Archer. Mechanism of action of N-nitrosocompounds. Cancer Surv., 8, 1989, 241-250.
[6] D .Nakae, Y. Kobayashi, H Akai, N .Andoh, H. Satoh and K .Ohashi .Involvement of 8-hydroxyguanine formation in the
intiation of rat liver carcinogenesis by low dose levels of N-nitrosodiethylamine, Cancer Res.
57,1997, 1281-1287.
[7] B .Halliwell and J.M.C. Gutteridge). Protection against oxidants in biological systems: the superoxide theory of oxygen toxicity,
in: K.H. Cheeseman, T.F. Slater (Eds), Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1989) 144-147.
[8] L.W .Wattenberg. Chemoprevention of cancer. Cancer Res., 45, 1985, 1.
[9] P. Bairaj and S. Nagarajan .Apigenin- 7-0-Glucuronide from the flowers of Asteracantha longifolia Nees. India Drugs. 1982, 150-
152.
[10] A.K .Tiwari. Antioxidants: New-generation therapeutic base for treatment of polygenic disorders. Curr Sci,86, 2004,1092-1100.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Investigation of the Central, Peripheral Analgesic and Antiinflammatory Activity of Kutajarishta, an Indian Ayurvedic formulation. |
| Country | : | Bangladesh |
| Authors | : | Ninadh Malrina D'Costa, Mehdi Bin Samad, Ashraf-ul Kabir, Prof. Dr. JMA Hannan |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0352328 |
Abstract:Kutajarishta (KTJ) is an Ayurvedic formulation approved by the "National formulary of Ayurvedic
Medicine 2011", of Bangladesh. It is widely available in the Bangladeshi market as an effective preparation to
treat lumbago, sciatia and arthritic pain of joints. Our present studies make an attempt toward identifying
probable anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of KTJ. KTJ, at three doses, (10mL/kg, 20mL/kg,
and 40mL/kg) showed no involvement of the CNS in anti-nociceptive activity in Hot plate test and Tail
immersion test models. Carrageenan induced paw edema and acetic acid writhing tests both gave significant
results (P ≤ 0.05), indicating possible peripheral analgesic and anti-inflammatory action. Formalin induced
paw-licking test showed that KTJ had significant effect in suppressing inflammatory pain (P≤0.05) but not
neurogenic pain. Hence our study shows anti-inflammatory and peripheral analgesic action for KTJ.
Key Words:Anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, central analgesic, kutajarishta, peripheral analgesic
Key Words:Anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, central analgesic, kutajarishta, peripheral analgesic
[1]. WHO, Media Centre: Fact Sheet. [Online], December 2008, [Cited: May 18, 2012.]
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs134/en/.
[2]. Firenzuoli F. and Gor L., Herbal Medicine Today: Clinical and Research Issues, Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative
Medicine, 4, 2007, 37-40.
[3]. Tyler VE, Herbal medicine: from the past to the future, Public Health Nutrition, 3, 2000, 447-452.
[4]. Bonica JJ, The need of a Taxonomy, Pain 6, 1979, 247-252.
[5]. Bromm B and Lorenz J, Neurophysiological evaluation of Pain, Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 107, 1998,
227-25.
[6]. Park H, Cha D, Jeon H, Antinociceptive and hypnotic properties of Celastrus orbiculatus, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 137,
2011, 1240-1244.
[7]. Bangladesh National Formulary of Ayurvedic Medicine 2011, 2nd Ed (DGDA, Associates Printing Press, 2011).
[8]. Zimmerman M, Ethical guidelines for investigations of experimental pain in conscious animals, Pain 16, 1983, 109-110.
[9]. Franzotti EM, Santos CVF, Rodrigues HMSL, Mourão, CVF, Andrade MR, Antoniolli AR, Anti-inflammatory, analgesic activity
and acute toxicity of Sida cordifolia L. (Malva-branca), Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 72, 2000, 273-277.
[10]. Yang XY, Gao D, Pettus M, Phillips C, Bowersox SS, Interaction of intrathecally administered zinconotide, a selective blocker of
neuronal N-type voltage- sensitive calcium channels, with morphone on nociception in rats, Pain, 84, 2000, 271-281.
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs134/en/.
[2]. Firenzuoli F. and Gor L., Herbal Medicine Today: Clinical and Research Issues, Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative
Medicine, 4, 2007, 37-40.
[3]. Tyler VE, Herbal medicine: from the past to the future, Public Health Nutrition, 3, 2000, 447-452.
[4]. Bonica JJ, The need of a Taxonomy, Pain 6, 1979, 247-252.
[5]. Bromm B and Lorenz J, Neurophysiological evaluation of Pain, Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 107, 1998,
227-25.
[6]. Park H, Cha D, Jeon H, Antinociceptive and hypnotic properties of Celastrus orbiculatus, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 137,
2011, 1240-1244.
[7]. Bangladesh National Formulary of Ayurvedic Medicine 2011, 2nd Ed (DGDA, Associates Printing Press, 2011).
[8]. Zimmerman M, Ethical guidelines for investigations of experimental pain in conscious animals, Pain 16, 1983, 109-110.
[9]. Franzotti EM, Santos CVF, Rodrigues HMSL, Mourão, CVF, Andrade MR, Antoniolli AR, Anti-inflammatory, analgesic activity
and acute toxicity of Sida cordifolia L. (Malva-branca), Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 72, 2000, 273-277.
[10]. Yang XY, Gao D, Pettus M, Phillips C, Bowersox SS, Interaction of intrathecally administered zinconotide, a selective blocker of
neuronal N-type voltage- sensitive calcium channels, with morphone on nociception in rats, Pain, 84, 2000, 271-281.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Simultaneous Determination Of Hyoscine Butyl Bromide and Dipyrone in Their Binary Mixture By RP-HPLC Method. |
| Country | : | Egypt |
| Authors | : | Nouruddin w. Ali , Mohammed Gamal , Mohammed Abdelkawy |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0352936 |
Abstract:RP-HPLC chromatographic method was developed for determination of Hyoscine Butyl Bromide
(HBB) and Dipyrone ( DIP). In this method, HBB and DIP were separated by using C18 (25 cm×4.6 mm i.d.
5μm particle size) column as a stationary phase and using water: methanol (50:50) v/v pH adjusted to 7.0 with
triflouroacetic acid and triethylamine) as a mobile phase, maintaining the flow rate at 1.0 mL min−1 with UV
detection at 210 nm. The proposed method was successfully applied for determination of HBB and DIP in pure
form and in their pharmaceutical formulations.
Key Words:RP-HPL, Chromatography, Hyoscine Butyl Bromide, Dipyrone
Key Words:RP-HPL, Chromatography, Hyoscine Butyl Bromide, Dipyrone
[1] Martindale" The Extra Pharmacopoeia", 31st Ed., Pharmaceutical press London, (2007).
[2] Mohamed, F. A.; AbdAllah, M. A.; Shammat, S. M.: Selective spectrophotometric determination of p-aminophenol and
acetaminophen. Talanta 1997, 44(3), 61-68.
[3] Mahrous, M.; Daabees, H.; Beltagy, Y., New sensitive method for the analysis of some non uv absorbing quaternised compounds.
Spectroscopy letters 1992, 25 (3), 389-400.
[4] Issopoulos, P.; Pavlou-Zervou, E., Application of ion pair complexes of some acid-base indicators in pharmaceutical analysis. I:
Spectrophotometric microdetermination of L-hyoscine butyl bromide by its ion pair complex with methyl organge. Il Farmaco
1994, 49 (3), 205-210.
[5] Thomos, K. M.; Dabholkar, D. A.; Jain, C. L., Spectrophotometric determination of hyoscine butyl bromide in pharmaceutical
formulations. Indian Drugs 1994, 31 (8), 391-392.
[6] Dinē, E.; Onur, F., Application of a new spectrophotometric method for the analysis of a ternary mixture containing metamizol,
paracetamol and caffeine in tablets. Analytica chimica acta 1998, 359 (1-2), 93-106.
[7] Papadoyannis, I.; Zotou, A.; Samanidou, V.; Georgarakis, M., Solid-phase extraction and RP-HPLC analysis of atropine sulphate
and scopolamine-N-butylbromide in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids. Instrumentation science & technology
1994, 22 (1), 83-103.
[8] Asmardi, G.; Jamali, F., High-performance liquid chromatography of dipyrone and its active metabolite in biological fluids.
Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 1983, 277, 183-189.
[9] Favreto, W. A. J.; Pugens Pinto, A. M.; Manfio, J. L.; Fiametti, K. G.; Percio, M. F.; Santos, M. B. d., Development and validation
of a UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for the determination of N-butylscopolamine in human plasma: Application to a bioequivalence
study. Drug Testing and Analysis 2012, 4 (3-4), 215-221.
[10] El-Saharty, Y.; Metwaly, F.; Refaat, M.; El-Khateeb, S., Development of membrane electrodes for the selective determination of
hyoscine butylbromide. Talanta 2007, 72 (2), 675-681.
[2] Mohamed, F. A.; AbdAllah, M. A.; Shammat, S. M.: Selective spectrophotometric determination of p-aminophenol and
acetaminophen. Talanta 1997, 44(3), 61-68.
[3] Mahrous, M.; Daabees, H.; Beltagy, Y., New sensitive method for the analysis of some non uv absorbing quaternised compounds.
Spectroscopy letters 1992, 25 (3), 389-400.
[4] Issopoulos, P.; Pavlou-Zervou, E., Application of ion pair complexes of some acid-base indicators in pharmaceutical analysis. I:
Spectrophotometric microdetermination of L-hyoscine butyl bromide by its ion pair complex with methyl organge. Il Farmaco
1994, 49 (3), 205-210.
[5] Thomos, K. M.; Dabholkar, D. A.; Jain, C. L., Spectrophotometric determination of hyoscine butyl bromide in pharmaceutical
formulations. Indian Drugs 1994, 31 (8), 391-392.
[6] Dinē, E.; Onur, F., Application of a new spectrophotometric method for the analysis of a ternary mixture containing metamizol,
paracetamol and caffeine in tablets. Analytica chimica acta 1998, 359 (1-2), 93-106.
[7] Papadoyannis, I.; Zotou, A.; Samanidou, V.; Georgarakis, M., Solid-phase extraction and RP-HPLC analysis of atropine sulphate
and scopolamine-N-butylbromide in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids. Instrumentation science & technology
1994, 22 (1), 83-103.
[8] Asmardi, G.; Jamali, F., High-performance liquid chromatography of dipyrone and its active metabolite in biological fluids.
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hyoscine butylbromide. Talanta 2007, 72 (2), 675-681.
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Study on Biofouling and photo catalytic activity on Titanium tube well condensers |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | A. Jayachitra, A.Rajalakshmi, N.Krithiga1, R.Indhu |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0353743 |
Abstract:Biofouling in titanium tube-well condensers can cause a serious problem in heat exchange process
and its products. Photo catalytic activity a chemical treatment enhancing the anatase thin films
characterization which is present on the surface of the titanium material in degrading the efficacy of the
microbial populations like Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Bacillus, Acinetobacter which stick on the tube-well
condensers . The titanium material exposed to 30V of current for an timing of about 48 hours showed to be
possessing high efficiency in maintenance of the material. The colony counts and Biochemical characterization
proved that treatment process in Titanium metal exposed to fresh water system facilitates in Biofouling cleaning
methodology. This study was confirmed by a mechanical process, a sponge ball cleaning shows that there is a
considerable weight loss in biofouled condenser tubes, rather increasing the adherence efficacy of the organism
than the inhibition. Thus, the problems related to Titanium biofouling and its effect on the products can be
rectified.
Key Words: Biofouling, biofilm, corrosion, photo catalytic activity, sponge ball cleaning
Key Words: Biofouling, biofilm, corrosion, photo catalytic activity, sponge ball cleaning
[1] Epstein, N. (1981) Fouling: technical aspects. In: Somerscales EFC, Knudsen, J.G., (eds). Fouling of heat transfer equipment.
Hemisphere, Washington. 31: 110-119.
[2] Flemming, H.C., Schaule. G. and Ridgway. H.F. (2004) Living with biofilms-elements of an integrated anti-fouling strategy.
Institute of Interface Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Geibelstr. 41: 47-69.
[3] Judy, G., George, R.P., Muraleedharan, P., and Khatak, H.S. (2004) Photo catalytic inhibition of Microbial Adhesion by Anodized
Titanium. Corrosion science. 20: 167-175.
[4] Noguchi, D., Kawamata, Y and Nagatomo, T. (2004) Titanium Dioxide in photo catalytic degradation of Toxic Compounds. Journal
of the electrochemical society. 151 (7): 61-65.
[5] Nosetani, T., Sato, S., Onda, K., Kashiwada, J., and Kawaguchi, K. (1981) Effect of Marine Biofouling on the Heat Transfer
Performance of Titanium Condenser Tubes. Sumitomo Light Met. Tech. Rep. 22(2):30-41.
[6] Schutz, R.W., (1991) A Case for Titanium's Resistance to Microbially Influenced Resistance. Materials Performance 30:58-67.
[7] Sutherland, I.W., (1984) Microbial exopolysaccharides-their role in microbial adhesion in aqueous systems. CRC Crit Rev.
Microbiol. 10: 173-187.
Hemisphere, Washington. 31: 110-119.
[2] Flemming, H.C., Schaule. G. and Ridgway. H.F. (2004) Living with biofilms-elements of an integrated anti-fouling strategy.
Institute of Interface Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Geibelstr. 41: 47-69.
[3] Judy, G., George, R.P., Muraleedharan, P., and Khatak, H.S. (2004) Photo catalytic inhibition of Microbial Adhesion by Anodized
Titanium. Corrosion science. 20: 167-175.
[4] Noguchi, D., Kawamata, Y and Nagatomo, T. (2004) Titanium Dioxide in photo catalytic degradation of Toxic Compounds. Journal
of the electrochemical society. 151 (7): 61-65.
[5] Nosetani, T., Sato, S., Onda, K., Kashiwada, J., and Kawaguchi, K. (1981) Effect of Marine Biofouling on the Heat Transfer
Performance of Titanium Condenser Tubes. Sumitomo Light Met. Tech. Rep. 22(2):30-41.
[6] Schutz, R.W., (1991) A Case for Titanium's Resistance to Microbially Influenced Resistance. Materials Performance 30:58-67.
[7] Sutherland, I.W., (1984) Microbial exopolysaccharides-their role in microbial adhesion in aqueous systems. CRC Crit Rev.
Microbiol. 10: 173-187.
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Soymilk Preservation Using Extracts Of Cloves (Syzygium Aromaticum Myrtaceae) And Guinea-Pepper (Xylopia Aethiopica Annonaceae). |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Kabiru, Y.A., Makun, H.A., Saidu, A.N., Muhammad, L.H., Nuntah, L.C and Amoo, S.A |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0354450 |
Abstract:The significance of preservatives in food preparations lies in their ability to inhibit or retard the
growth of microorganisms which in turn reduces their deteriorative effects on food. The preservative effects of
varying concentrations (1%, 3%, 5% v/v) of extracts of cloves (Syzygium aromaticum myrtaceae), guineapepper
(Xylopia aethiopica annonaceae) and a combination of the two extracts on soymilk were studied in both
shelfed and refrigerated samples. The pH, protein and fat contents, and microbial load were used as parameters
for determining the stability of the milk. The pH values for clove extract-treated soymilk samples on shelf
showed increased level of acidity (5.16±0.13) compared to treated-refrigerated samples (6.62±0.03), while the
protein contents decreased more with storage time and these were concentration dependent. The fat contents of
the treated samples especially those treated with a combination of extracts were significantly higher (P<0.05)
than the untreated soymilk samples. Reduction in total microbial count was more pronounced in samples treated
with clove extract (1.92 x 105) than those treated with guinea pepper extract (2.70 x 105) and the controls. The
cloves-guinea pepper extract combination demonstrated the best preservative effect than the single extracts in
terms of nutrient content but the antimicrobial activity of the clove extract at 3% was significantly higher
(P<0.05) than those of guinea-pepper and the combination. The use of cloves as a preservative increased shelf
life of soymilk by 2 on shelf and 8 days in the refrigerator, guinea pepper extended shelf life by 1 day on shelf
and 6 days in refrigerator while combination of the extracts maintained a longer shelf life of 12 days in the
refrigerator and 2 days on the shelf. The result of the study shows that a combination of the extracts is a better
preservative of soymilk than the single extracts.
Key Words:Soymilk, Syzygium aromaticum myrtaceae, Xylopia aethiopica annonaceae, Preservative, Microbial
Key Words:Soymilk, Syzygium aromaticum myrtaceae, Xylopia aethiopica annonaceae, Preservative, Microbial
[1] Arina, B. and Iqbal, A. (2002). In vitro fungitoxicity of the essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum. World J. Mocrobiol. Biotech.
18(4): 317-319.
[2] Awan, J.A. and Okaka, J.C. (1985). Elements of food spoilage and preservation. Second edition;
[3] Akinyele, S.J., Fawole, M.O. and Akinyosoye, E.A. (1999). Microorganisms associated with fresh cow milk "wara" and "nono",
two local milk products by Fulani woman in IIorin, Kwara state, Nigeria. Nigerian Food Journal 17; 10-15.
[4] Bae, E.A., M.J. Han, N.J. Kim and D.H. Kim. (1998). Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of herbal medicines. Biol. Pharm. Bull.,
21(9): 990-992.
[5] Bassir, O. (1987). Handbook of Practical Biochemistry, University of Ibadan Press p.87.
[6] Betoni, J.E., R.P. Mantovani, L.N. Barbosa, L.C. De-Stasi and F.A. Junior. 2006. Synergism between plant extract and
antimicrobial drugs used on Staphylococcus diseases. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz., 101(4): 387-390
[7] Bolaji, P.T. (1987) In; improving the technologies of local beverages processing such as Kunun Zaki, turadanono, Burukutu/pilo
and soyabean milk.Nigerian Institutes for Science and Technology Workshop .
[8] Bullerman, L.B.; Lieu,F.Y. and Seier, S.A.(1977). Inhibition of growth and aflatoxin production by cinnamon and clove oils,
annamic aldehyde and eugenol.Journal of food science 42:1107-1109,116.
[9] Cai, L. and C.D. Wu. (1996). Compounds from Syzygium aromaticum possessing growth inhibitory activity against oral
pathogens. J. Nat. Prod., 59(10): 987-990.
[10] Chaieb, K., H. Hajlaoui, T. Zmantar, K.A.B. Nakbi, M. Rouabhia, K. Mahdouani and A. Bakhrouf.( 2007a). The chemical
composition and biological activity of essential oil, Eugenia cryophyllata (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): a short review.
Phytother Res., 21(6): 501-506.
18(4): 317-319.
[2] Awan, J.A. and Okaka, J.C. (1985). Elements of food spoilage and preservation. Second edition;
[3] Akinyele, S.J., Fawole, M.O. and Akinyosoye, E.A. (1999). Microorganisms associated with fresh cow milk "wara" and "nono",
two local milk products by Fulani woman in IIorin, Kwara state, Nigeria. Nigerian Food Journal 17; 10-15.
[4] Bae, E.A., M.J. Han, N.J. Kim and D.H. Kim. (1998). Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of herbal medicines. Biol. Pharm. Bull.,
21(9): 990-992.
[5] Bassir, O. (1987). Handbook of Practical Biochemistry, University of Ibadan Press p.87.
[6] Betoni, J.E., R.P. Mantovani, L.N. Barbosa, L.C. De-Stasi and F.A. Junior. 2006. Synergism between plant extract and
antimicrobial drugs used on Staphylococcus diseases. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz., 101(4): 387-390
[7] Bolaji, P.T. (1987) In; improving the technologies of local beverages processing such as Kunun Zaki, turadanono, Burukutu/pilo
and soyabean milk.Nigerian Institutes for Science and Technology Workshop .
[8] Bullerman, L.B.; Lieu,F.Y. and Seier, S.A.(1977). Inhibition of growth and aflatoxin production by cinnamon and clove oils,
annamic aldehyde and eugenol.Journal of food science 42:1107-1109,116.
[9] Cai, L. and C.D. Wu. (1996). Compounds from Syzygium aromaticum possessing growth inhibitory activity against oral
pathogens. J. Nat. Prod., 59(10): 987-990.
[10] Chaieb, K., H. Hajlaoui, T. Zmantar, K.A.B. Nakbi, M. Rouabhia, K. Mahdouani and A. Bakhrouf.( 2007a). The chemical
composition and biological activity of essential oil, Eugenia cryophyllata (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): a short review.
Phytother Res., 21(6): 501-506.