iosr-JPBS   Volume-3 ~ Issue-4

Abstract :There are many situations in which a better data base would improve our ability to audit changes that occur in our environment as a result of human interference. This is important especially when changes is extensive and numerous that their cumulative efforts can produce unforeseen results. Consequently, to have adequate appraisal of land use changes that occur at Ero Dam catchment's basin and to be able to prepare for or modify its diverse moods, remote sensing technique is employed. This involves the examination of physiographic map of 1983 and standard satellite images of Landsat MSS of 2003. The data were processed, enhanced and classified using Maximum Likelihood Classification System. The 4-Quadrant Pixel method of ground-truth and observation was utilized to determine the accuracy of the work. Therefore, map-to-map comparison was carried out using 1983 as a master to detect changes in the classified land use type in the area. The results were presented in maps and tables. In an overview from 1983-2003, the result show that agricultural land witness a reduction of size while water bodies witness a considerable increase of size. Other areas that witness increase are the built-up land, rangeland, wetland and barren land while forestland in addition to the agricultural land witnesses a decrease in size. It is obvious from the result that remote sensing technique is capable of monitoring land use changes that occur over time within a dam catchment's basin, especially when complimented with adequate ground-truth observation.

Abstract:This study was aimed at investigating the effect of different models of fasting on fertility of adult male wistar rats. 15 adult male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. The rats in group 1(control) were fed ad libitum while rats in groups 2 and 3 were fasted 12hours and 24hours respectfully and fed within1 hour for 65 days. Fasting caused alteration in body and organ weights, food consumption, sperm motility, viability, volume and count, and reproductive hormones, LH, FSH and T. In the fasted rats, body weight increased progressively during the period of experiment by increased food consumption but the testes weight decreased significantly. Fasting blood sugar increased progressively as compared with the control group but within normal ranges for rats. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the mean value of sperm volume of rats in the control and fasted groups. The degree of sperm motility was lowered but not significant (p>0.05).Sperm count was significantly (p<0.05) lowered in the fasted animals compared to animals in control group indicating a drop in cellular turnover as a result of inhibition of spermatogenesis or cellular regression after fasting. Serum LH and FSH were reduced significantly (p<0.05). T concentration was also reduced but not significantly (p>0.05). The significant reduction in LH and FSH might have accounted for the observed reduction in sperm counts in the fasted animals used for this study.
Key Words: Fertility, Fasting and Sperm

Abstract:The involvement of vitamin D has been reported in immune response regulation, especially to inhibit B cell differentiation and activation. The objective of our study was to determine the association between serum vitamin D level with the concentration of anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm, IgG-IgM anti-cardiolipin and anti-vitamin D antibodies in SLE patients in Dr Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang. Our subjects were fifty four female SLE (ACR 1992 revised criteria) out patients recruited from the Rheumato-Immunology Division, Dr Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, from January-June 2011. The mean age of the patients was 31.12 years (12-55 yo), duration of illness was 18,4 months (2-54 mo). ELISA method was used to assesessed serum vitamin D [25(OH)D3] level, anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm, IgG - IgM ACA and anti-vitamin D antibodies. Correlation of serum vitamin D and autoantibodies level were analyzed using Pearson correlation test..
Key Words: Vitamin D, 25(OH)D3, anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm, ACA, anti-vitamin D, SLE

Abstract:Effects of subchronic oral low dose monosodium glutamate (MSG) on neurobehavior were assessed using the Y and Elevated plus mazes in mice. Forty adult Swiss albino mice weighing between 20-25 g were assigned into four groups A, B, C and D. Group A served as control and received normal saline, groups B, C and D received MSG dissolved in normal saline orally at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg dose. MSG or vehicle was administered for a period of 14 days, following which animals were exposed to the elevated plus maze (EPM) and the Y-maze. The numbers of entries and percentage time spent in the open and closed arms after 5mins exposure to the plus maze and Y–maze spontaneous alternations over a five minute period was scored for each animal as a measure of spatial memory. Result were analysed by one way ANOVA followed by a posthoc test, results were expressed as mean ±S.E.M. Elevated plus maze performance showed a significant decrease in the number of entries and time spent in the open arm and an increase in the total number of arm entries compared to control, Y-maze task performance showed no significant improvement in the MSG groups compared to control. The study concluded that subchronic MSG at the doses administered was anxiogenic but had only a slight retardant effect on spatial working memory.
Key Words:Neurobehavior, Monosodium glutamate, Anxiety, Spatial Memory, Brain Glutamate

Abstract:World Health Organization appreciated the importance of medicinal plants for public health care in developing nations. Different parts of Phyllanthus emblica, Achyranthes aspera and Allium sativum plants have important medicinal role in human health. This review is indicate that plants have the potential to generate herbal metabolites and the crude extracts demonstrating antimicrobial activity could result in the discovery of new chemical classes of antibiotics that could serve as selective agents for the maintenance of animal or human health and provide biochemical tools for the study of infectious diseases.
Key Words:Antimicrobial activity, Amloki, Bely asra and Garlic.

Abstract:The culture of shrimps received maximum importance due to its unique taste, high nutritive value and persistent demand in the world market. In recent years, the diseases of shrimp slowed down the development of shrimp culture. Swollen hind gut syndrome (SHG) of tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon postlarvae is common problem in shrimp hatcheries. Post larvae infected with SHG are generally rejected by the hatcheries and farmers, as stocking of SHG seeds or postlarvae are supposed to cause several problems such as size variation, white fecal disease. Loose shell syndrome etc., resulting is severe loss in form production and earning. In the present study an attempt carried to culture the giant tiger shrimp, P.monodon by using post larvae having swollen hindgut syndrome (SHG). The use of probiotic bacteria in aquaculture has tremendous scope and the study of the application of probiotics in aquaculture has a glorious future. In this present study has been made to evaluate the growth and survival of SHG infected post larvae by using probiotics viz., Gut actin (gut probiotic), Sanolife MIC (water probiotic) and Super Ps (soil probiotic) was applied in culture ponds A and B. A section of P. monodon was stocked with SHG infected post was applied with probiotic and it was compared with "B" section without probiotic treatment (control). Culture pond C and D are stocked with disease free SHG post larvae. Culture pond "C section" was applied with probiotics same as section A and it was compared to "D section" without probiotic treatment (control). Growth and survival rate of the ponds which was applied ("A" and C sections) with probiotics was higher than that of "B and D section ponds. The bacterial population decreased at the end of culture in "A" section and "C" section ponds, but in "B" and "D" sections the bacterial population was not showing a significant decrease. Bacterial necrosis, black gill, white gut and fungal diseases were recorded in "B" and "D" section ponds. But these diseases were not that much reported in probiotic treated (A and C section) ponds. The results of the present study showed that there is significant difference (P<0.05) in growth and survival and FCR between the SHG infected postlarvae and disease free postlarvae treated with probiotics and without probiotic culture. The general conclusion obtained from the present study is that the probiotic plays a vital role in growth, survival and disease resistance (not virus) of the animal by maintaining good water quality parameters throughout the culture period. It is clear from the bacterial colony data that green colony dominated in the "B and D" section ponds. So it can be recommended that the probiotics can be very well utilized for the shrimp ponds to get maximum growth and survival.
Key Words: Penaeus monodon, swollen hind gut syndrome, gut actin, sanolife MIC, super ps, survival

Abstract:A new optical analytical method, "digital RGB Analysis" is proposed based on MATLAB image processing tool instead of the conventional optical method, "spectrophotometry". MATLAB image processing tool can transform the color information into digital RGB values that can be treated as analytical information. Image processing tool can simulate the optimum color variations by optimization of visual color sensor with computer assistance and thus make colorimetry (semi quantitative analysis) as an accurate determination method. The optode was constructed by immobilizing ninhydrin on TLC (thin layer chromatographic) paper. The reaction is based on complexation of ninhydrin with cadmium to result into a light purple to magenta colored spot followed by scanner based detection. Changes in RGB values of color spots on TLCstrips create a pattern. The obtained pattern was analyzed using image processing tool of MATLAB software to determine cadmium. All parameters affecting intensity on optode have been optimized. The proposed sensor was linear in the range 0.018-0.54μg mL-1(R2=0.996) for G values and can sense up to 3ng mL-1.SEM investigation of dye has also been done.The proportionality in intensity of the spot color on the optodes loaded with varying amounts of cadmium suggests its potential applications for determination of it in various samples. The paper optode can be used for pollutant check and even health check at home. Thus the paper optode has great potential for this purpose.
Key Words: MATLAB, nano dye particle paptode, RGB, thin layer chromatographic paper