iosr-JPBS   Volume-1 ~ Issue-6

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Abstract: Several recent studies have indicated that mobile phone waves have an adverse health effect on cells of human beings. This study evaluated the effects of mobile phone waves on skeletal muscles and bone cells theoretically. The photon of electromagnetic waves (EMW) are scattered by the different tissues and created the phonon. In this process, energy is transferred from one tissue to another and temperature of the tissue is increased. Absorption of energy has been calculated and the effect of the absorption of energy is studied. When EMW of mobile phones are penetrated inside the body, the induced electric field inside the body reduces exponentially with depth. As the reduction in field is due to the absorption of power, specific absorption rate (SAR) is calculated and compared with the permissible limit given by some International Commission of Non-ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and World Health Organization (WHO) etc. The calculations of SAR for different tissues represent that 800MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz and 2450MHz radiations are harmful for 10cm, 11cm, 12 cm and 14 cm distance from the mobile phone hand set respectively.
Key Words: Mobile phone waves, Electric field, Specific absorption rate (SAR), Skeletal muscles & bone tissues etc.

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[4]. Poljak, D.,"Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields" 6th ed., Great Britain: WIT Press, (2004).
[5]. Rezael, D., Ochbelagh, R., Borhanifer, A., Asadi, A., (2009) Thermal Effects of Mobile Phone on Tissues, Asian J. Exp. Sci., 23, No. 1, 351-356.
[6]. Otto, M., Ernst, K., Mu8hiendahi, V., (2007) Electromagnetic Fields: Do they play a role in Children's Environmental Health (CEH)? Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health, 210, 635-644.
[7]. Salem, N. M., (2005) Thermal Effects of Photon-Phonon interaction on a simple tissue". The Environmentalist, 25, 241-246.
[8]. Hanafy, M. S., (2006) Electric Field affected the molecular structure of the total serum proteins of the mice blood, Romanian J. Biophysics, 16, no. 3, 205-214. Bucharest.
[9]. Elisabeth Diem, Claudia Schwarz, Franz Adlkofer, Oswald Jahn and Hugo Rudiger, (2005) Non-thermal DNA breakage by mobile-phone radiation (1800 MHz) in human fibroblasts and in transformed GFSH-R17 rat granulosa cells in vitro, mutation research/genetic toxicology and environment mutagenesisnesis, 583 (2), 178-183.
[10]. Zeni, O., Schiavoni, A. S., Sannino, A., Antolini, A., Forigo, D., Bersani, F. and Scarfì, M. R. (2003) Lack of Genotoxic Effects (Micronucleus Induction) in Human Lymphocytes Exposed In Vitro to 900 MHz Electromagnetic Fields. Radiat. Res. 160, 152–158.

Abstract: In vitro Studies of wild yam also known as Dioscorea oppositifolia L. is reported. Direct organogenesis and indirect organogenesis of D. oppositifolia is achieved in this study. Shoot and root were produced from nodal explants with Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.1mg/l NAA. Callus was successfully produced from leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5mg/l indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).Multiple shoots were initiated from callus in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with-2.0mg/l Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 2.5mg/i kinetin. Root induction was also achieved simultaneously from the base of the shoots in the same medium. Regenerants acclimatized in soil-rite showed vigorous shoot growth (within 2 weeks) and after 5 - 6 months were suitable for planting.
Key words: Dioscorea oppositifolia, diosgenin, nodal culture, callus culture.

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Abstract: We conducted a randomized, controlled, double-blind, prospective study to evaluate the effect of intraoperative bupivacaine injection in tonsillar fossa to control the postoperative pain following dissection method tonsillectomy in 40 patients. 20 patients were injected with bupivacaine 10ml of 0.25% and 20 patients were injected with normal saline. Following the surgery we completed the questionnaire to evaluate their pain, oral intake and pain on full jaw opening. After completion of the study we found no statistically significant difference in pain level, oral intake and full jaw opening between the two groups. So this study tells that for pain control bupivacaine as well as placebo had similar effect.
Key words: Pain, bupivacaine, tonsillectomy

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[6]. Yusuf Unal, Kutluk Pampal,Sibel Korkmaz, Mustafa Arslan Comparison of bupivacaine and ropivacaine on postoperative pain after tonsillectomy in paediatric patients, International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology Volume 71, Issue 1 , Pages 83-87, January 2007.
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Abstract: The present study is a case report regarding mammary tumour in a German shepherd bitch where the tumour was attempted with antineoplastic drugs combination with Inj. Vincristine sulphate @ 0.0125mg/kg body wt. intravenously at weekly interval, Tab. Methotrexoate 2.5 mg once in a week. Tab Cyclophosphamide 50 mg once in a week. There was a gap of at least 2-3 days between each above anticancerous drug. Unfortunately, the drugs had adverse affect on the hepato-renal status of the bitch however, it showed slight improvement in the size of the mammary tumour. The animal was immediately attended with symptomatic therapy and the side effects were soon controlled. The tumour was surgically removed; removal was easy as the size was shrinked. The results suggest that the therapeutic treatment of mammary tumour can be attempted with the same above drugs combination by probably reducing the dosages of individual drugs.
Key words: Mammary Tumour, Antineoplastic Drug, Vincrystine Sulfate, Methotrexoate, Cyclophosphamide

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Population Difference in foraging behaviour of Nandus nandus (Hum-Buch)
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Sheenaja. K. K
	:	10.9790/3008-0162830

Abstract: Nandus nandus collected from regions of high and low predation and its foraging behaviour was investigated. A strong correlation in the foraging assay with that of sites from fish emerged. These habitats differ in physical structure and resident prey communities so related difference in searching behaviours for effective foraging. Laboratory feeding trials were conducted in aquaria containing T maze is used by Nandus nandus to study their habitat specific foraging rates. Leaf fish from high-predation areas were faster in seeking food than those fish from low predation. These results suggest personality traits are influenced by population specific ecological variables and may have future fitness consequences in wild population. Foraging skill plays a major behaviour that influences the fish in wild. These differences in searching tactics translate into differences in habitat-specific foraging efficiency. So here this behavioural measure is studied in detail before planning post larval release technology in this LnRT fish. Hence this work will be in sight to conservation of this fish from LnRt category.
Key words: Nandus nandus ; predator; foraging,conservation

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