iosr-JPBS   Volume-1 ~ Issue-5

Abstract: The growing threat and spread of antibiotic resistance by a wide range of common pathogens has lead to increased investigations into traditional medicinal plants as alternatives. Honey has been used as a medicine since ancient times in many cultures and is still used in 'folk medicine'. It is used widely for healing burnt wounds, but nowadays due to antibiotic resistance organisms honey also took back seat. The present study shows the antibacterial activity of Erytlaria acualis lindau against the bacteria (multidrug resistant bacteria like Pseudomonas aeroginosa, E.coli, and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus) isolated from burnt wound sepsis. Since it was used only for healing and deworming cattle wounds, the present study shows that it can also be used by the humans for the same purpose. Hence it is proved by my grandfather who used the plant extract for his operated wound in leg infected with worms and germs and it also has an efficient healing property. Thus Erytlaria acualis was effective than both honey and antibiotics.
Key Words: Antibacterial activity, Antibiotics, Erytlaria acualis, Honey

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Abstract: Allelopathy is the type of interaction where two organisms interact with each other in positive or in negative manner and it is mediated by secondary metabolites. In the present study, the interaction of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and guava (Psidium guajava L.) with the important pulse crop green gram (Vigna radiata L.) was studied using leaf extracts. Two common varieties of green gram viz., KM-2 and Vamban-2 were used to study the interactions at sub-species level. Among the two tested plants, spinach was most inhibitory on seed germination and seedling growth than guava. At the species level, variation existed, the variety Vamban-2 was more susceptible than KM-2 to both plant extracts.
Key words: Leaf extract, green gram, seed germination, phytotoxicity

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Abstract: This study was designed to determine the effects of HIV, Malaria and antiretroviral therapy on some Coagulation Profiles. The Participants were groups as follows; HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with malaria (n=30), HIV on ART without malaria infection (n=29), HIV positive CDC classification stage I not on ART with malaria (n=30), HIV stage II not on ART with malaria (n=31), HIV stage I not on ART without malaria (n=31), HIV stage II not on ART without malaria (n=31), HIV negative without malaria and HIV positive with malaria control participants (n=61). HIV Screening, Malaria (Screening and density count), CD4 count, APTT, prothrombin time (PT), PCV, platelet, white blood cell counts were enumerated by standard laboratory techniques. The result showed that PCV were significantly different (p<0.05) among groups. On comparison within groups, PCV was significantly lower in HIV positive not on ART compared with control participants. Platelet count was significantly higher in HIV on ART compared with HIV positive not on ART (p<0.05). APTT was significantly higher in HIV positive stage II not on ART without malaria compared with HIV positive on ART without malaria. Also PT was significantly higher in HIV on ART with malaria compared with HIV positive stage II not on ART with malaria. This study suggests that the impact of ART improved PCV and Platelet levels and also the possible cause of mild prolongation in prothrombin time. Lupus anticoagulant is likely cause of observed prolonged APTT in HIV positive not on ART.

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Abstract: The enzyme, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), deficiency leads to impaired production of reduced glutathione and predisposes the red cells to damage by oxidative metabolites, causing hemolysis. Deficient neonates may manifest clinically as hyperbilirubinemia or even kernicterus. Screening for G6PD deficiency and recognition of prevalence of the enzyme deficiency in individual communities have got definite place in the investigation of cases with neonatal jaundice. To determine the frequency and effect of G6PD deficiency the study was conducted in the Special Care Neonatal Unit of Bankura Sammilani Medical College during the period from November 2010 to December 2011. All term and preterm babies up to seventh day of age admitted with clinically evident jaundice were taken for study. Of the total 176 neonates, 24 neonates( 13.63%) had G6PD deficiency, Most are males, Jaundice developed after 24 hrs of life,.The mean age of jaundice was 70.54 hrs. of age. Peak serum bilirubin was < 20 mg/dl in 33.33%, 20.1 to 25 mg/dl in 29.16%, and > 30 mg/dl in 16.66% of cases. with All babies G6PD deficiency was administered phototherapy in the study to avoid high rise in the peak bilirubin level. Out of them13(54.17%n=24) responded to phototherapy alone & 11 (45.83%) neonates in this group required double volume exchange transfusion.
Key words: Hemolysis, Glucose 6 phosphate Dehydrogenase, Jaundice, Phototherapy, Exchange transfusion.

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Abstract: Cholesterol accumulation leads to coronary heart disease, artherosclerosis, non-insulin dependent diabetes and various other cardiovascular diseases. Apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB-100) is an integral part of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL), and it plays a key role as a transporter of cholesterol and triacylglycerols to cells throughout the body. Microsomal trigylceride transfer protein (MTP) is a dependent factor as it transfers triglycerides onto lipoprotein particles. The Lipoprotein N-terminal domain (LPD_N)is found in ApoB-100 and MTP. Our study involves the design of suitable small inhibitor molecules to bind to Lipoprotein N-terminal domain and inhibit primarily ApoB-100. A library of designed compounds was virtually screened. 14 compounds have been designed that may potentially paralyze its cholesterol transport function. Molecular docking analysis of the ApoB-100 target and designed small inhibitor molecules provides evidence of effective binding of the compounds and interacting residues have been examined. This study could be promising in the discovery of drugs that reduce cholesterol accumulation and therefore result in potential decrease of cardiovascular diseases.
Keywords: Apolipoprotein B, ApoB, Cholesterol, Docking, Drug designing

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Abstract: Herbs have been utilized to treat acute and chronic disorders for thousands of years. Natural products, due to their easy availability, low cost and lack of side effects, make themselves attractive candidates for drug research. One such indigenous medicinal plant is Acalypha alnifolia Klein ex Willd, belonging to the family Euphobiaceae was selected. There is no systematic work that has been undertaken on this plant. The objective of the present study was to examine the antioxidant potential and phytochemical analysis of A.alnifolia leaves. The results of Phytochemicals analysis showed total phenols, flavonoids and protein were positive in leaf extracts. The free radical scavenging effect and reducing power were analyzed in methanol and aqueous extracts of A.alnifolia leaves. The results highlighted both extract exhibited better antioxidant activity. This study is the first report of antioxidant and phytochemical analysis of A.alnifolia. Based on findings, the leaf extracts may be used as an effective antioxidant agents to combat various ailments caused by the free radicals.
Key Words: Acalypha alnifolia , antioxidant, phytochemical, crude extracts.

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