iosr-JMCE   Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering' 2013

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Active Thrust on an Inclined Wall under the Combined Effect of Surcharge and Self- Weight
Country	:	India
Authors	:	D. M. Dewaikar*, Jagabandhu Dixit † , S. R. Pandey and P.R.Mutgi

Abstract:Active thrust and its point of application depend upon a combination of several parameters such as angles of wall friction, soil internal friction, backfill slope and wall back. A method based on the principle of superposition along with the conditions of equilibrium is used in the present analysis to determine the active thrust and its point of application for an inclined wall retaining horizontal cohesionless backfill under the combined effect of surcharge and self-weight. Coulomb's failure mechanism along with Kötter's equation is used to determine the distribution of soil reaction and its point of application on the failure surface.

Keywords Kötter's equation, point of application, active thrust, self-weight, surcharge effect

Caquot AI, Kerisel J (1948) Tables for the calculation of passive pressure, active pressure, and bearing capacity of foundations. Libraire du Bureau des Longitudes, de L'ecolePolytechnique, Paris Gauthier- villars, Imprimeur- Editeur, 120

Chen Z, Li S (1998) Evaluation of active earth pressure by the generalized method of slices. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 35: 591-599 Ching S, Sao J (1994) Discrete element analysis for active and passive pressure distribution on retaining wall. Computers and Geotechnics, 16: 291-310

Coulomb CA (1776) Essaisurune application des règles des maximis et minimis à quelquesproblèmes de statiquerelatifs à l'architecture. Mèm. Acad. Roy. Près. Divers Savants 7,

Paris Dewaikar DM, Halkude SA (2002) Seismic passive/active thrust on retaining wall- point of application. Soils andFoundations, 42(1): 9-15 Janbu N (1957) Earth pressure and bearing capacity calculations by generalized procedure of slices. Proc. of 4th

International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, London, 2, pp. 207-212 Kame GS, Dewaikar DM, Choudhury D (2010) Active Thrust on a Vertical Retaining Wall with Cohesionless Backfill. Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 15(Q): 1848-1863

Kérisel J, Absi E (1990) Tables de poussée et de butée des terres. 3rd ed., Presses del' E´cole Nationale des Pontset Chaussées, Paris, 1990

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Design of Reinforced Soil Walls By Lrfd Approach
Country	:	India
Authors	:	A.D. Maskar1, N.T. Suryawanshi2

Abstract: In this paper, the detail of Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) approach which is based on reliability concept for the design of Reinforced Soil (RS) walls is presented. For conventional methods i.e Allowable Stress Design (ASD) Method, the factor of safety is applied only to resistance and loads are considered without variations. For LRFD method, factor of safeties are applied for both load and resistance. Due to availability of large statistical data and economy, this method is preferred. An attempt is made to solve one numerical example of geosynthetic RS walls due to soil self-weight plus permanent uniform surcharge using LRFD as well as other conventional methods (ASD) viz. FHWA, Modified Rankine, NCMA and B.S Code Methods and the results of the LRFD methods are compared with conventional design methods and concluding remarks are presented. The various equations are obtained based on various curves plotted by using ASD and LRFD approaches. From these equations it is clear that if FOS against tensile rupture is known for any RS wall having 7m height and same properties and environmental conditions as mentioned in current study then FOS against pullout failure and pullout capacity can be computed for these walls.

Keywords: ASD, LRFD, Modified Rankine Method, pullout failure, Reinforced Soil Wall

1. Allen T.M., Nowak A.S. and Bathurst R.J. (2005). "Calibration to determine load and resistance factors for geotechnical and structural design". Circular E-C079, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC, USA.
2. Bathurst R.J., Allen T.M. and Nowak A.S. (2008a). "Calibration concepts for load and resistance factor design (LRFD) of reinforced soil walls." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol 45 pp. 1377-1392.
3. Bathurst, R.J., Huang, B. and Allen, T.M. (2011). "Load and resistance factor design (LRFD) calibration for steel strips reinforced soil walls." ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. Vol. 24 pp. 201–240.
4. Bathurst, R.J., Huang, B. and Allen, T.M. (2012)."Interpretation of laboratory creep testing for reliability-based analysis and load and resistance factor design (LRFD) calibration." Geosynthetic International, Vol 19 pp.39-53
5. Bathurst, R.J., Nernheim, A. and Allen, T.M. 2008b. "Comparison of measured and predicted loads using the Coherent Gravity Method for steel soil walls." Ground Improvement, 161(3): 113-120.
6. Bingquan Huang and Richard J. Bathurst (2009) "Evaluation of Soil-Geogrid Pullout Models Using a Statistical Approach" Geotechnical Testing Journal, Vol. 32, pp.1-16
7. BS 8006:1995 "Code of Practice for Strengthened/ Reinforced Soils & other Fills" Bureau of Indian Standards.
8. FHWA-NHI-98-032 (2001) "Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) for Highway Bridge Substructures." U.S Department of Transportation and Federal Highway Administration.
9. FHWA-NHI-10-024 (2009) "Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls and Reinforced Soil Slopes Design and Construction Guidelines." U.S Department of Transportation and Federal Highway Administration.
10. Koerner Robert M.,Te-Yang Soong (2001) "Geosynthetic reinforced segmental retaining walls" Journal of Geotextiles and Geomembranes, Vol. 19 (2001) pp. 359–386

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effective Utilization of Waste Plastic In Construction Of Flexible Pavement For Improving Their Performance
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Mr.P.B.Rajmane ,Prof. A.K.Gupta , Prof.D.B.Desai

Abstract: Solid waste management is the thrust area. Of this various waste materials, plastic waste and municipal solid waste are of great concern. On the other side, the road traffic is increasing. The traffic intensity is increasing. The load bearing capacities of the road are to be increased. Our present work is helping to take care of both these aspects. Plastic waste, consisting of carry bags, cups and Thermocoles can be used as a coating over aggregate and this coated stone can be used for road construction. By this process a road of 1 Km length and 3.375M width of single lane can consumes 10, 00000 carry bags and the road strength is increased by 100% and there found no any pot hole. The mix polymer coated aggregate have shown higher strength. Use of this mix for road construction helps to use plastics waste. Once the plastic waste is separated from municipal solid waste, the organic matter can be converted into manure and used. The main object of paper is to analyze & study how the waste plastic will be effectively utilized in construction of flexible pavement as a binder material for replacing the content of bitumen and in detail process & its successful application

1. Afroz Sultana S K, K.S.B. Prasad "Utilization of Waste Plastic as a Strength Modifier in Surface Course of Flexible and Rigid Pavements" International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 2, Issue 4, July-August 2012, pp.1185-1191

2. P K Jain, Shanta Kumar & J B Sengupta, "Mitigation of rutting in bituminous roads by use of waste polymeric packaging materials" Indian Journal of Engineering & Materials Sciences Vol. 18, June 2011, pp. 233-238

3. R Vasudevan., Nigam S.K., Velkennedy R., Ramalinga Chandra Sekar A.,Sundarakannan B. "Utilization of Waste Polymers for Flexible Pavement and Easy Disposal of Waste Polymers", International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management, 5 - 7, Chennai, India pp-105-111, 2007.

4. Dr. Y. P. Gupta, Chairman, YASTK, and Consultant, Allahabad bypass project Professor (Rtd.) Civil Engineering, MNNIT, Allahabad, and Shailendra Tiwari & J. K. Pandey, QC Engineer HCC Ltd and BCEOM, Allahabad Bypass Project.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Evaluation of the properties of Red Mud Concrete
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Ramesh R. Rathod 1, Nagesh T.Suryawanshi2 ,Pravin D. Memade

Abstract: Red mud is a waste material generated by the Bayer Process widely used to produce alumina from bauxite throughout the world. The aim of the present research work was to investigate the possibility of replacing the Portland cement by red mud. Because of storing issues, the waste negatively affects the environment. To solve this problem, Portland cement was replaced up to 40 % RM by wt of cement. And evaluating its compressive and splitting tensile strength of red mud concrete. This study examines the effects of red mud on the properties of hardened concrete. The test results show that how its compressive strength & splitting tensile strength decreases with increase red mud content, it is concluded that Optimum percentage of the replacement of cement by weight is found to be 25%.By this percentage replacement we can have strength is equal to the strength of controlled concrete.

Key words: Bayer process, Compressive strength, Red mud, transpiration, splitting tensile strength.

[1] Daniel Véras Ribeiroa, João António Labrinchab, Marcio Raymundo Morellia. Potential Use of Natural Red Mud as Pozzolan for Portland Cement. Materials Research. 2011; 14(1): 60-66
[2] L. Senff, D. Hotza, J.A. Labrincha .Effect of red mud addition on the rheological behavior and on hardened state characteristics of cement mortars. Journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/conbuildmat

[3] P.E. Tsakiridis, S. Agatzini-Leonardou, P. Oustadakis .Red mud addition in the raw meal for the production of Portland cement clinker. Journal of Hazardous Materials B116 (2004) 103–110

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Importance Of English Communication For Engineering Students From Rural Areas And Its Remedies
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Mrs. Dr. Madhumati R. Patil

Abstract: Communication is the life blood of all the organizations. Getting the work done in effective manner has become more important than having the most knowledge. Employers give considerable value to graduates acquiring a diverse set of skills in different work environment. Besides analytical and problem solving skills, subject specific knowledge, research and improved decision making ability, management skills, understanding of other culture, confidence and competence to work in international environment are considered the most essential qualities for engineers. However, at the bottom of these lies an effective communication skill. If students fail to see the broader scenario of the corporate world and ignore the communication skills, it can endanger a shallow level of understanding. The growing importance placed on oral communication skills by employers has been echoed internationally in these two three decades. Knowledge and technical know how are clearly important, but these requires to be presented with excellence. Effective communication re-enforce positive impression of the engineer. Lack of serviceable communication skills contributes to the low profile of engineering in general public. A more proactive and accessible style of communication can be more engaging for the people. Indeed oral skills, presentation skills are considered one of the best career enhancers and to the single biggest factor in determining a student's career success or failure.

[1] M Ashraf Rizvi, Effective Technical Communication (Tata McGraw-Hill, 2007).
[2] K.K. Sinha, Business Communication (Galgotia Publishing Company, 2002).
[3] Andrea J. Rutherfoord, Basic Communication Skills for Technology (Addison Wesley Longman, 2001).
[4] R.K. Chadha, Communication Techniques and Skills (Dhanpatrai Publications, 2001).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Importance of English Communication for Engineering Students from Rural Areas and Its Remedies
Country	:
Authors	:	Asst. Prof. Ms. Mane Varsharani Shamrao

Abstract: This research paper highlights the importance of English communication for engineering students from rural areas and the problems faced by them during academic as well as professional life and its possible remedies. Majority of the students in engineering colleges are from rural areas. They do possess intelligence necessary for getting admission for higher education but they lag behind in the English communication competence. So, during academics and career they face a lot of problems. To be successful in studies and campus interviews,GD's, it is important to achieve English communication competence. The teachers and students need to make integrated efforts which include initiative and active participation of teachers and students in teaching –learning method comprising question answering session, Role plays, GD's and Language Lab session.

Keywords –Communication competence,English Language Lab(ELL),Computer Assisted Language Learning(CALL),Language Aquisition

[1 Internet TESL Journal http://www.aitech.ac.jp/-iteslj
2 ISTE-International Society for technology in Education http://www.iste.org
3 computer assisted language learning CALL www.monografias.com
4 www.iste.org/publish/caell.html.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Intelligent Transport Systems And Road Safety –A Survey
Country	:	India
Authors	:	S.S.Nandgaonkar1,G.D.Parulekar2,Prof.D.B.Desai

Abstract: The Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) technologies has the potential to develop a new ideas of road safety. Many ITS systems have a direct or indirect impact on road . In order to ensure that systems are deployed so as to ensure the more use to safety, it is important to carry out proper safety evaluation of these systems.

Keywords: ITS,HMI, ,ISA ESC,LDWS,EVI,EDR,CAS.

1] Caltrans, 2002, ―Caltrans Project Management Handbook‖, Caltrans Office of Project Management Process Improvement.
[1] Authors: M. Regan, J. Oxley, S. Godley & C. Tingvall Royal Automobile Club of Victoria (RACV) Ltd – Report 01/01
2] ALM, H. & NILSSON, L. (1994). Changes in driver behaviour as a function of handsfree mobile telephones – a simulator study. Accident Analysis and Prevention 26(4), pp 441- 451.
3] BANDMANN, M. & FINSTERER, H. (1997). Safety aspects of traffic management systems. Proceedings, 4th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems, 21-24 October, Berlin, Deliverable 6 of HOPES. Department of Traffic Planning and Engineering, University ofLund.
4] CARSTEN, O.M.J., ed. (1993). Framework for Prospective Traffic Safety Analysis. World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems in Berlin, Germany.
5] Clowes, D.J., (1997). What we know about ITS user needs. Proceedings, 4th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems, 21-24 October, Berlin, Germany. ITS America, ERTICO & VERTIS.
6] ERTICO (1997). Expected benefits of ITS. ERTICO vision presented at the Fourth international Germany. ITS America, ERTICO & VERTIS.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Metakaolin- Pozzolanic Material For Cement in High Strength Concrete
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Sanjay N. Patil1, Anil K. Gupta2, Subhash S. Deshpande

Abstract: The infrastructure development is an important aspect for the overall development of country. India is developing as a major hub for service industry, automobile industry and for which the infrastructure development plays an important role. In case of infrastructure development construction of bridges, aqueducts, high rise buildings, off shore structures, nuclear power stations, dams, high strength concrete above M55 is commonly adopted. The necessity of high strength concrete is increasing because of demands in the construction industry. In all construction works, concrete is an important and costly issue, which governs the total cost of the project Concrete can generally be produced of locally available constituents, However, environmental concerns, stemming from the high energy expense and CO2 emission associated with cement manufacture have brought about pressures to reduce cement consumption through the use of supplementary materials.. It reduces the cost, makes concrete more durable and it is ecofriendly. This paper deals with the use of Metakaolin which is having good pozolanic activity and is a good material for the production high strength concrete. which is getting popularity because of its positive effect on various properties of concrete.

Keywords: Admixture, Calcinations, High Strength Concrete (HSC), Metakaolin, Pozzolanic

[1] Dinakar P. High reactive metakaolin for high strength and high performance concrete. The Indian Concrete Journal, April 2011, 28-32.
[2] Shivram Bagade, Nagesh Puttaswamy. Early High Strength Concrete: Advantages And Challenges. CE&CR – July 2007,
38-41.
[3] Gabriel Varga. The Structure of kaolinite and metakaolin. Epitoanyag59,evf.2007.1.szam.6-9.
[4] M. Shekarchi, A. Bonakdar, M. Bakshi, A. Mirdamadi, B. Mobasher. Transportation properties in metakaolin blended concrete. Construction and Building Materials 24(2010), 2217-2223.
Books
[5] M. S. Shetty. Concrete Technology – Theory and Practice (New Delhi. S. Chand & co. Ltd. Sixth Edition Reprint 2012).
[6] M. I. Gambhir. Concrete Technology – Theory and Practice ( New Delhi, Tata McGraw Hill Education Pvt. Ltd. Fourth Edition 2009).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Model Chart of Quality Control Process for Ready Mixed Concrete Plants
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Hanumant P. Naiknavare1 Swati D. Deshpande2 Rajesh D. Padhye

Abstract: In order to ensure that concrete produced is of desired quality, it is necessary that quality control is exercised at all the stages right from receipt of raw material to delivery of concrete at site. Thus, while planning to use Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC), it should be ensured that producer of RMC has adopted quality assurance programme. Quality control is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production. Quality control system should be developed at RMC plant. Quality Assurance Programme for RMC can be broadly divided into three components i.e. Forward control, immediate control and retrospective control. RMC manufacturer should have laboratory facilities to carry out necessary tests to ensure quality control at all stages during production of concrete. This paper includes a typical model for RMC plant which needs to be implemented for quality control. Authors have taken efforts to suggest some QC aspects for RMC manufacturers.

Keyword – QC, QA, RMC

[1] Althozaimy A.M. and Al-neghemish A. I. (1999), "Introducing and Managing Quality Scheme for RMC industry in Saudi Arabia", Journal of construction engineering and management, 125(4), 249-255. ASCE.
[2] Debasis sarker," A framework for development of quality control model for Indian Ready Mixed Concrete Industry" CEPT University, Ahamdabad.
[3] S K K editor, (June2001) "RMC in India", Civil Engineering & Construction Review. Vol.14 (6), 21-23.
[4] Kaushal Kishore, (June2001) "RMC: Some Technical Aspects." Civil Engineering & Construction Review, Vol.14, no 6 (June2001), pp. 24-26.
[5] Sanjay Bahadur, (June2001) "RMC- A Non-Negotiable Approach to Durable Urban Infrastructure." Civil Engineering & Construction Review. Vol.14, no 6 (June2001), pp.
[6] Kshemendra Nath, (June2001) "RMC- The Need For Partnership", civil Engineering & Construction Review. Vol.14, no 6 (June2001), pp. 32-37.
[7] Danish Rashid, (June2001) "RMC: The Indian Answer to World class construction." Civil Engineering & Construction Review, Vol.14, no 6.
[8] IS 4926-2003, standard on Ready mixed concrete- Code of practice BIS, New Delhi.
[9] Said Ahmmad Joheh,(2007) "Quality of Ready mix Concrete", Qatar Construction Standards (QCS 2007),An Najah National University, Qatar.
[10] RMC Research & Education Foundation,( February 2008),"Quality Management System",For Ready Mixed Concrete Companies,Checklist for Compliance with Quality Plan

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Non-Linear Analysis Of Beams
Country	:	India
Authors	:	K. Vijaya Lakshmi 1, V. Bapi Raju2 and V. Balakrishna Murthy

Abstract: When a structure deforms, under a load its stiffness changes. Depending upon the amount of change in the stiffness, the field variables are calculated using linear or nonlinear approaches. In this paper linear and geometric non-linear analysis of a beam is carried out using two-dimensional finite element method by simulating the problem in commercial software ANSYS. Influence of the parameters (i) span to height ratios(s) and (ii)Load on geometrical non-linear behaviour of the beam for a fixed width-to-height ratio (b/h) of 0.3 is studied.

Keywords -Non-Linear Analysis, Plane stress, Stiffness, FEM, ANSYS

1. Namik Kemal Oztorun, "A rectangular finite element formulation," Elsevier Science Publishers Volume 42, Issue 12 (August 2006), Pages: 1031 - 1052, Year of publication: 2006, ISSN: 0168-874X.
2. George Campbell, Wen Ting, Peyman Aghssa, Claus C.Hoff, "Buckling and Geometric Non-linear Analysis of a Tie Rod in MSC/NASTRAN Version 68," MSC 1993 World Users Conference, Arlington, Virginia, May 1993.
3. Luiz A. Duarte Filho and Armando M. Awruch, "S. R. Idelsohn, V.E. Sonzogni and A. Cardona (Eds.),Santa Fe-Parana, Argentina, October 2002.
4. Bassam A. Izzuddin, "Conceptual Issues In Geometrically Non-linear Analysis Of 3d Framed Structures," Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, Vol. 191, No. 8-10. (December 2001), pp. 1029-1053.
5. Yang Y. B., Lin S. P. and C. S. Chen, "Rigid Body Concept for Geometric Non-linear Analysis of 3D Frames, Plates and Shells Based On the Updated Lagrangian Formulation," Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, Vol 197, Issues 6-8, 15 January 2008, Pages 881-882.
6. Vladimr Kuti. S and Justn Murn, "Bar Element with Variation of Cross-Section for Geometric Non-Linear Analysis," Journal of Computational and Applied Mechanics, Vol. 6. No. 1. (2005), pp. 83{94}.
7. Raul H. Andruet, "Special 2-D and 3-D Geometrically Non-linear Finite Elements for Analysis of Adhesively Bonded Joints," Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering Science and Mechanics.
8. Andrzej Ambroziak, "Geometrically Non-linear Analysis of Shells," Archives Of computational Methods In Engineering Volume 13, Number 3, 331-388

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Risk Management in Construction Industry
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Mr. Satish K. Kamane1, Mr. Sandip A. Mahadik

Abstract: Construction projects are characterized as very complex projects, where uncertainty comes from various sources. Construction projects gather together hundreds of stakeholders, which makes it difficult to study a network as a whole. But at the same time, these projects offer an ideal environment for network and risk management research. Additionally, construction projects are frequently used in management research, and several different tools and techniques have already been developed and especially for this type of project. However, there is a gap between risk management techniques and their practical application by construction contractor. This paper deals with the identification of risk by different methods, types of risks associated with construction project and different risk mitigation techniques.

Key words- Risk, force majeure risk, delphi technique, risk mitigation, risk avoidance, risk retention

[1] Anna Klemetti" Risk management in construction project network" Laboratory of industrial management report 2006/2.

[2] Bayu Aditya , Bambang" Risk analysis in feasibility study of building construction project" The Tenth East Asia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering and Constructio August 3-5, 2006, Bangkok, Thailand

[3] Building future planning "Risk assessment planning"2000

[4] Debasis sarkar,Gautam data" A framework of project risk management for the underground corridor construction of metro rail" W.P. No. 2011-02-05.

[5] Kajsa Simu"Risk management in small construction project" Licentiate thesis ISSN:1402-1757,2006:57

[6] "Risk management standard"Arimic,alarm,irm 2002.