iosr-JMCE   International Conference on Advances in Engineering & Technology – 2014 (ICAET-2014)

Abstract: The present experimental study aims at learning the mechanical behaviour of hybrid natural fiber composites. Samples of several Jute-Bagasse-Epoxy & Jute-Lantana camara-Epoxy hybrids were manufactured using hand layup method where the stacking of plies was alternate and the weight fraction of fibre and matrix was kept at 40%-60%.Specimens were cut from the fabricated laminate according to the ASTM standards for different experiments. For Tensile test & flexural test samples were cut in Dog-bone shape and flat bar shape respectively.

[1] A. K. Rana, A. Mandal, B.C. Mitra, R. Jacobson, R. Rowell, A. N. Banerjee "Short Jute Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites: Effect of Compatibilizer" Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 69, 329-338 (1998). Books: [1] Monteiro S.N.; Rodriquez R.J.S.; De Souza M.V., D'Almeida J.R.M., "Sugar Cane Bagasse Waste As Reinforcement In Low Cost Composites", Advanced Performance Material, Volume 5, No.3, (December 1998): P. 183-191.

Abstract:Optimization is the art of obtaining the best results under given circumstances. In design, construction and maintenance of any engineering system, the ultimate goal is either to minimize the effort required or to maximize the desired benefits. The various processes of optimization come under the subject Operation Research (O.R.). O.R. one of the branch of mathematics which is concerned which the application of scientific methods and techniques to design making problems and establishing optimal situations. In this project we aim to find the optimum design of a hydrodynamics bearing through operations research techniques. The two methods used are stochastic programming and geometric programming.

D.Dowson, G.N. Blount, J.N. Ashton "Optimization Methods Applied to Hydrodynamic Bearing Design" International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol-11, PP. 1005-1027(1977) G.K. Agrawal "Optimal Design of Helical Springs for Minimum Weight by Geometric Programming" the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 78-WA/DE-1. S.V. Kulkarni, K.Balasubrahmanyam"Optimal Design of Open Coiled Helical Spring", Semi Annual Paper Meeting Held at Jamshedpur on July 22 1979, Vol-60, PP-7-14

Abstract:The present work in this dissertation clarified the design criteria of six step dual tube heat exchanger to implement cold testing of Plate Fin Heat Exchanger. The LMTD numerical method has been provided to estimate the length and number of tubes required for the Heat Exchanger and validate it with the CFD simulation which was carried out for batter improvement in the design to improve the potential of plate fin heat exchanger performance. This new type heat exchanger at the cryogenics temperature concept developed here for acquiring further research and then we will validate it with experiment data

Randall F.Barron, cryogenic Heat Transfer, Louisiana Tech. University.
R.K.Shah and Dušan P. Sekulic, Fundamentals of Heat Exchanger Design, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Abstract: An approximate numerical analysis is concerned with obtaining approximate solutions for predicting the cooling capacity while maintaining reasonable bounds on errors. Application of the result presented below for a particular numerical model without considering the loss mechanism due to shuttle loss, Regenerator and heat exchanger loss and losses due to conduction. The loss of accuracy with simulation due to a number of gross assumptions in simulation. Although an improved predicted cooling power as well as the pressure/volume relationships for various segments of the refrigerator achieved through a mathematical analysis andin order to improve the accuracy of the model a computer program is developed and runs successfully.

Gifford, W.E. and Longsworth, R.C. Pulse tube refrigeration, Trans ASME B J Eng Industry 86(1964), pp.264-267. Gifford, W.E. and Longsworth, R.C. Pulse tube refrigeration progress, Advances in cryogenic engineering 3B (1964), pp.69-79. David M, Mar_echal JC, Simon Y, Guilpin C. Theory of ideal orifce pulse tube refrigerator. Cryogenics 1993;33:154-61. Alisha R, Design of a Single Orifice Pulse Tube refrigerator Through theDevelopment of a First-Order Model, MassachusettsInstitute of Technology June 2007

Abstract:Automation is an essential component nowadays to eliminate the requirements of labour in any industries. Road reflector stud is the important component that mainly prevents the major accidents during night time. But, Manual road reflector stud installation adds up to the major challenge of labour shortage in public work departments. Moreover the manual process is time consuming and not suitable for large volume installations in the roads. The main objective of this work is to design a semi-automated machine for the installation of road reflector studs. The conventional method employs four different processes includes drilling of hole on to the roads, pouring of epoxy resin, placing and stamping of studs, all these process done one back another manually. The present work consists of four stations to do these four processes and employs simple station transfer mechanism. Pneumatic power is fruitfully utilized in this project and the system is controlled by a microcontroller. This paper brings out the detail design procedure, hand calculations, fabrication procedure and system assembly of the machine.

Article titled 'Reflective road studs' by RoadsUK reference site
USD244764 US patent by D. Swarovski & Co. titled 'Road-traffic stud'
US3936208 US patent by Dunlop Limited titled 'Reflector Road studs'
US4717281US patent by Amerace Corporation titled 'Road marker system and method of installation' Pneumatic cylinder and solenoid DCV from product manual of Janatics ltd, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu. Hand Drill from product manual of Bosch Power Tools ltd, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu Aluminium Road Studs from the product manual of Unique safety solutions, Mumbai

Abstract: Tractor Trolleys are very popular and cheaper modes of goods transport in rural as well as urban area. But these trolleys are manufactured in small scale to moderate scale industry, due to which design of chassis is at primary level. As design is not properly done according to the stress analysis, so if any type of failure occurs then we can't afford the replacement of the chassis. As the chassis design is not proper and excess material is used to overcome the failure, the self weight of the chassis get increases and capacity of the trolley get decreases. Due to which, the cost of the trolley also get increases. Due to which, the self load of trolley applied on the chassis, leaf spring and axle of the trolley causes failure in dynamic condition. Failure such as breakage of axle hub assembly,

Hemant B.Patil, Sharad D.Kachave, Eknath R.Deore, Stress Analysis of Automotive Chassis with Various Thicknesses, IOSR Journal of
Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE), April 2013
Roslan Abd Rahman, Mohd Nasir Tamin, Ojo Kurdi "Stress analysis of heavy duty truck chassis as a preliminary data for its fatigue life
prediction using FEM" Jurnal Mekanikal December 2008, No. 26, 76 – 85.
N.K.Ingole, D.V. Bhope "Stress analysis of tractor trailer chassis for self weight reduction" International Journal of Engineering Science and
Technology (IJEST), ISSN: 0975-5462 Vol. 3 No. 9 September 2011.

Abstract: This study summarizes the reducing principle of design of corrugated box used in the goods packaging. Then it makes a term-by-term analysis on the selection of raw materials for paper boxes, the optimization of prism types, and the overall design of paper box, with special emphasis on the method to realize moderate packaging of goods.

[1] Sun Cheng etc. Paper Packaging Structure Design. Beijing: Light Industry Press; 2006. [2] Gao Meifen, Wang Ninghong, Wu Guorong.History,Status and Development of corrugated box industry. Mechanical and electrical information, 2004; (05): 31-34. [3] Wang Zhixing, Chen Xirong. Status and Development of China corrugated box industry. Printing Technology, 2008; (24): 36-39.

Abstract: In this paper authors experimentally studied the animal powered mechanical device for minor irrigation system. Although animals have been using for domestic works at rural and remote areas, but the electricity generation by Animal power is a novel technology. This invention provides animal powered mechanical device for minor irrigation system. It has unique features of using animal power as prime mover for electric generator. Animal energy in form of high-torque low-speed can be converted into low-torque high-speed through speed increaser to energize the electric generator. The electricity generated is stored in the battery and 0.5 hp motor pump has run using inverter and take 26 second to deliver 15 liters. This equipment is emission free, low cost and has long life. Also this equipment needs less maintenance and any person can run either skilled or unskilled.

FAO. "Draught animal power – an owerview" UN Food and Agriculture Organisation, 2010. Wilson RT. "The environmental ecology of oxen used for draught power" Agriculture,ecosystems and environment, 97, 2011, 211-37.
FAOSTAT. Production: live animals. Available from http://faostat.fao.org/;2011 [accessed 13.12.11]. Pearson A. "Animal power: matching beast and burden" Appropriate Technology 18 (3), 1991, 11-4.

Abstract: In this paper a hybrid power system combining solar energy and animal energy is experimentally studied to supply continuous power to home lighting applications. The solar system is used as main energy source while the animal system is used as secondary or back-up energy source. This invention provides animal powered mechanical device for prime mover to electric generator. Animal energy in form of high-torque low-speed can be converted into low-torque high-speed through speed increaser to energize the electric generator. A simple and cost effective charge control with dc–dc converters is used for maximum power point tracking and hence maximum power extracting from the solar system. The results show that even when the sun is not available; the system is reliable and available and it can supply high-quality power to the home lighting applications by the animal powered system.

Zhou W, Lou C, Li Z, Lu L, Yang H. "Current status of research on optimum sizing of stand-alone hybrid solar-wind power generation systems" Applied Energy, 87(2), 2010, 380–389. Strupczewskim A. "Accident risks in nuclear-power plants." Applied Energy, 75(1–2), 2003, 79–86. Skoglund A, Leijon M, Rehn A, Lindahl M, Waters R. "On the physics of power, energy and economics of renewable electric energy sources-Part II" Renewable Energy, 35(8), 2010, 1735–40. Piegari L, Rizzo. "Adaptive perturb and observe algorithm for photovoltaic maximum power point tracking" IET Renewable Power Generation,4, 2010, 317 - 28.

Abstract: Liquid desiccant (LD) based air conditioning technology is a promising eco-friendly technology with valuable features like high density energy storage and electrical energy saving. Air is dehumidified in air-LD contacting device in this system. Performance of rotating disk type contacting device (RDCD) is simulated in this work using aqueous potassium formate solution as LD. Finite difference method is used for this purpose and suitable heat and mass transfer models and empirical correlations are used. This work would be helpful in choosing the right parameters for RDCD for the given performance criterion

[1] G. Grossman, A. Johannsen, Solar cooling and air conditioning, Progresses in Energy Combustion Sciences,7, 1981, 185-228.
[2] S. Jain, P. K. Bansal, Performance analysis of liquid desiccant dehumidification systems, International Journal of Refrigeration,30, 2007, 861-872.
[3] M. V. Rane, S. V. K. Reddy, R. R. Easow, Process for energy efficient conditioning for liquid desiccant, Indian Patent#206320, 2007.
[4] M. V. Rane, V. S. Shridhar, J. R. Mehta, Low temperature regenerator of a 3 TR solar air conditioner, International Conference on Advances in Energy Research, Mumbai, India, 2009, 361-355.
[5] J. R. Mehta, Liquid desiccant based solar air conditioning system with cogeneration of hot water and potable water, doctoral thesis, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India, 2013.
[6] N. E. Hamner, Corrosion survey-metal selection, R.E. Moore, Interval analysis (National Association of Corrosion Engineering, , 1974).

Abstract: Increase in energy demand, stringent emission norms and depletion of oil resources have led the researchers to find alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. On the other hand, waste oilspose a very serious environment challenge because of their disposal problems all over the world. Inthis context, waste oils are currently receiving renewed interest. In recent years, diminishing of fossil fuel sources, growing of demand and cost of petroleum based fuels, and environmental hazards as a result of burning of them have encouraged researchers to investigate possibility of using alternative fuels instead of the fossil fuels. Therefore, the researchers have focused on finding alternative new energy resources and utilizing them. They have stated that it is necessary to reduce consumption of the petro fuels due to the negative effects on human life by producing alternative renewable fuels.

Brinkman, D. W.; Dickson, J. R. Contaminants in used lubricating oils and their fate during distillation/hydro treatment re-refining. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1995, 29, 81-86. Audibert, F. Waste Engine Oils: Rerefining and Energy Recovery. First ed.; Elsevier B.V.: Amsterdam, 2006; p 340. Lam, S. S.; Russell, A. D.; Chase, H. A. Microwave pyrolysis, a novel process for recycling waste automotive engine oil. Energy 2010, 35, 2985-2991

Abstract: A Lift-Lock is a device used for raising and lowering boats and ships between stretches of water of different levels on river and canal waterways. The distinguishing feature of a lock is a fixed chamber in which the water level can be varied. There are several other locks in which chamber itself rises or falls. One such example of a fixed chamber is 'The Three Gorges Dam' in China. The construction of dam is intended to increase river shipping annually with transport cost by 30% to 37%. Another example of Lift-Locking in which the complete chamber itself rises or falls is 'The Peterborough Lift-Lock' in Canada in Trent canal. It is a dual lift structure and is the highest hydraulic boat lift in world. The lock has two identical ship caissons in which vessels ascend and descend. Both caissons are enclosed at each end by pivoting gates.

[1] Lock Design for the Canal Expansion and Operational Considerations by Larry Dagett Chairman, Maritime Navigation Advisory Committee, ACP. [2] Hydraulic design of navigation locks by John P. Davis. [3] Experimental research results for hydraulic design of high lift-lock culvert. Xu Qinqin, Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China [4] Decision Tools for Reducing Congestion at Locks on the Upper Mississippi River. James F. Campbell, College of Business Administration, University of Missouri - St. Louis

Abstract: This is a review paper pertaining the information about non- renewable and renewable energy scenario of India. In India most of the power generation is carried out by non-renewable energy sources such as coal ,oil, gas which contribute heavily to greenhouse gases emission . Also these sources have limited life span maximum of about 200years.So it becomes essential to tackle the energy crisis through proper utilization of abundant renewable energy resources, such as solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy and Nuclear energy. Last 30 years has been a period of exuberant hunt of activities related to research, development, production and demonstration at India. India has obtained application of a variety of renewable energy technologies for use in different sectors too.

[1] October 2006, Peter Meisen, President, Global Energy Network Institute (GENI), www.geni.org, peter@geni.org, (619)595-0139, Eléonore Quéneudec, Research Associate, Global Energy Network Institute (GENI), leoqueneudec@hotmail.com [2] Load Generation Balance Report :2011-12,Central Electicity Authority , Ministy of Power, Govt.of India [3] Coal Statistics from Annual Report 2009-10available at:http://coal.nic.in/annrep0910.pdf [4] India Energy profile availableat:http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/country/country_energy_data.cfm?fips=IN
[5] India Energy statistics available at: http://www.eia.doe.gov/cabs/India/Full.html

Abstract: Nowadays in India, recycling is one of the areas which is rapidly increasing day by day. The amount of waste coming is in a tremendous quantity. Aluminium cans and Tin plate cans are one of the important product which is being recycled on an increasing scale. For carrying out this recycling can crushers are used . For recycling of these cans , manual operation is being carried out in industries, which is a time consuming process and ultimately it leads to the reduction of production rate. In order to crush the cans in a less time ,we are designing a can crusher machine using scotch yoke mechanism having multi or two side crushing ability. A can crusher machine is used for crushing aluminium soda cans for recycling purpose and also for easy storage in recycling bins. The scotch yoke mechanism converts the rotating motion into reciprocating motion, this is the principle which we are using in our can crusher.

1.Theory of machine; by khurmi gupta 2. Design data book : by B. D. Shiwalkar 3.Theory of machine;by Ratan

Abstract: Aerodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with the force exerted by air or other gases in motion. Aerodynamic is by far the most significant factor affecting fuel conumption and power requirements even at normal cruising speed. For this reason there has been much interest in the aerodynamic shaping of all vehicles, including standard production cars and trucks.Although the shape of vehicle is determined by the designer, the vehicle owner sometimes unknowingly makes modification that reduce the aerodynamic effectiveness of the design.

http://www.rapid-racer.com/aerodynamic-upgrades.php
http://aerovehicles1.sciencesconf.org/resource/page/id/1
http://www.ara.bme.hu/oktatas/letolt/Vehicleaerodyn/Vehicleaerodyn.pdf

Abstract: The aim of the this paper is to make utilization of web publishing tool provided in the typical signal conditioning software called LabVIEW for the remote accessing of an experimental set up. This set up state an art of experimentation facilities in the selected areas of Engineering and Science education which can be used both through remote access and on site experimental work to give touch and feel about experiments. Hence having access to such an innovative idea of online learning has a great significance and advantage. With this insight NIT, Surathkal has joined hands with government of India with National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology to develop a common place called a virtual Laboratory to motivate students to conduct experiment remotely and develop good scientific spirit of experiments have been successfully conducted and demonstrated under the current project.

Bert C W, Material Damping: An introductory review of mathematical measures and experimental techniques, Journal of Sound and Vibration (1973) 29(2), 179-153 Clarance W. De Silva, Vibration Damping, Control, and Design, CRC Press 2007 Dinarogonas AD. Vibration Engineering. New York, USA: West Publishing; 1976 Jeary AP, Damping in structures. J wind Eng Ind Aerodyn 1997;72:345–55

Abstract:Four stroke Diesel cycle and Otto cycle engines have very low thermal efficiency due to high amount of energy is lost in exhaust and also cooling of the engine. It is estimated about 35 percent of fuel energy is lost in exhaust of engine and 30 percent in cooling of engine. Out of the remaining 35 percent of energy of the fuel about 50 % of energy gets converted in to work. The development of new engine is propose to use the energy of exhaust and also cooling of the engine in two more strokes of IC engine which will also work as steam engine.

[1] George Marchetti and Gilles Saint-Hilaire , A Six-Stroke, High-Efficiency Quasi turbine Concept Engine with Distinct, Thermally- Insulated Compression and Expansion Components September 2005, www.quasiturbine.com/QTMa rchettiSthSixStroke0509. [2] Kiran P , " A feasibility study on waste heat recovery in six stroke I.C. Engine, International Journal on Mechanical Engineering and Robotics (IJMER), Volume-1, Issue-1, 2013 [3] Pandiyarajan V., Pandian M. C., Malan E., Velraj R. and Seeniraj R.V."Experimental Investigation on Heat Recovery from Diesel Engine Exhaust Using Finned Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger and Thermal Storage System", Applied Energy, Vol. 88(2011). [4] Hayasaki, T., Okamoto, Y., Amagai, K., and Arai, M., "A Six-Stroke DI Diesel Engine Under Dual Fuel Operation," SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-1500, 1999, doi: 10.4271/1999-01-1500.

Abstract: Stability bar also referred to as Anti-rolls bar or sway bar. The bar's torsional stiffness (resistance to twist) determines its ability to reduce body roll, and is named as "Roll Stiffness". A stability bar improves the handling of a vehicle by increasing stability during cornering or evasive maneuvers. Most vehicles have front anti-roll bar stability bar. Stability bar bars at both the front and the rear wheels can reduce roll further. Properly chosen (and installed), stability bar will reduce body roll, which in turns leads to better handling and increased driver confidence. Stability bar analyses in the past were performed using analytical methods, which required a number of assumptions and simplifications. In general, stability bar analyses are multidisciplinary,

The Stability bars are analyzed for shear stress. The conclusions are as below: The shear stress is not constant throughout the length of stability bar. The hallow stability bar contain large amount of shear stress than solid stability bar. The (Mostly) maximum stress is in the bend location, middle zone of the stability bar whereas on the sides of the bar, the stresses are lesser.

Abstract: Two stroke engines have drawback of more fuel consumption & more exhaust emission, as compared with four stroke engines. Percentage of CO & HC emission is more in two stroke engines. Reductions in fuel consumption can be achieved by a variety of measures, including Improved Aerodynamics, Weight Reductions and Hybrid Power Trains. Significant improvements have been made to improve efficiency of the IC Engine that powers nearly all the world's vehicles. One promising technology for improving IC Engine efficiency, as well as performance and durability, is the Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC). In this study the performance of the engine is studied before and after the application of coating on the piston crown. Required modification has been done in the engine to increase the power and decrease the emission of CO & HC thereby making the engine environment friendly.
Keywords: SI engines, piston coatings, Thermal Barrier Coating, exhaust emission.

[1] Narendra B. Dahotre, S. Nayak, "Nanocoatings for Engine Application", Journal of Surface & Coatings Technology,Vol-194, pp:58-67, (2005).
[2] M. Ayaz Afsar, "Experimental Investigation of Direct Air Injection Scavenged Two Stroke Engine", Proceedings of 2009 International Symposium on Computing, Communication and Control, ISBN 978-1-84626, Singapore, (2009).
[3] Kumarappa S., Prabhukumar G.P., "Improving the Performance of Two Stroke Spark Ignition Engine by Direct Electronic CNG Injection", Jourdan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Vol-2, No-4, ISSN 1995-6665, pp:169 – 174, (2008).
[4] Peter Stuecke, Christoph Egbers, "Visualization Of Scavenging Flow In The Design Of Small Two-Stroke Engines", Journal of Optics & Laser Technology, Vol-38, pp:272–276, Elsevier, (1993).
[5] Rosli Abu Bakar, Semin and Abdul Rahim Ismail, "Fuel Injection Pressure Effect on Performance of Direct Injection Diesel Engines Based on Experiment", American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol-5(3), ISSN 1546-9239, pp:197-202, Science Publications, (2008).
[6] S.H. Chan and K.A. Khor, "The Effect of Thermal Barrier Coated Piston Crown on Engine Characteristics", Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, Vol- 9, pp:103-109, (2000).
[7] Taymaz, K. Cakir, M. Gur, A. Mimaroglu, "Experimental Investigation Of Heat Losses In A Ceramic Coated Diesel Engine", Journal of Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol- 169-170, pp:168–170, (2003).
[8] TaymazT, K.C., akVr, A. Mimaroglu, "Experimental Study Of Effective Efficiency In A Ceramic Coated Diesel Engine", Journal of Surface & Coatings Technology, Vol- 200, pp:1182– 1185, (2005).
[9] Alan Levy And Stuart Macadam, "The Behavior Of Ceramic Thermal Barrier Coatings On Diesel Engine Combustion Zone Components", Journal of Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol-30, pp: 51-61, (1987).
[10] Imdat Taymaz, "The Effect Of Thermal Barrier Coatings On Diesel Engine Performance", Journal of Surface & Coatings Technology, Vol-201, pp: 5249–5252, (2007).