iosr-jmca   Volume-13 ~ Issue-4 ~ Jul.-Aug. 2026

ABSTRACT: This study examines two distinctive linguistic approaches separated by more than a millennium: Ibn Fāris’s theory of Uṣūl and Maqāyīs )الأصول والمقاييس( in his book “Maqāyīs Al-Lugha” and Noam Chomsky’s Transformational - Generative Theory. The study seeks to investigate the principles underlying Ibn Fāris’s attempt to trace the diverse meanings of Arabic lexical forms to underlying semantic origins and to compare them with the principles...

Keywords: Ibn Fāris; Maqāyīs Al-Lugha; Uṣūl and Maqāyīs; Noam Chomsky; Transformational- Generative Theory; Arabic linguistic heritage; Comparative linguistics.

[1]. Chomsky, N. (1957). Syntactic structures. Mouton.
[2]. Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the theory of syntax. MIT Press.
[3]. Chomsky, N. (1980). Rules and representations. Columbia University Press.
[4]. Ibn Fāris, A. ibn F. (1979). Mu’jam Maqāyīs al-Lugha (A. al-Salām M. Hārūn, Ed.). Dār al-Fikr.
[5]. Ibn Fāris, A. ibn F. (1997). Al-Ṣāḥibī fī fiqh al-lugha al - arabiyya wa-masāʾilihā wa-sunan al-arab fī kalāmihā. Muḥammad Alī Bayḍūn

ABSTRACT: It Is Based On Automatic Toll Collection Sysyem Wherein User Doesnot Have To Pay Toll By Cash, User Has To Purchase Etc Tag From Designated Counters And Get It Fixed On Vehicle, Tag Will Act Like A Prepaid Card Wherein User Has To Recharge The Same To Ensure Sufficient Balance, As And When Vehicle Passes Through The Etc Lane On Toll Plazas, The Balance Will Be Automatically Deducted From Card And User Need Not To Stop His Vehicle Since After Deduction Of Money From Certain Length,The Traffic Barrier Will Automatically Open Thus Allowing User To Avoid Waiting In Long Queus Which In Turn Saves The Fuel As Well As Time Of User....

Keywords: Rfid,Etc Tag, Toll Collection,Fuel

[1]. TIMES OF INDIA NEWSPAPER
[2]. PRESS Information Bureau dated 31st oct 2014
[3]. WIKIPEDIA
[4]. IOSR

ABSTRACT: This study focused on the relationship between farm size and technical efficiency using stochastic production approach. Well-structured questionnaire was allotted to 120 maize farmers and analyzed using descriptive statistics, stochastic production frontier and Tobit regression. Stochasticproductionfrontieranalysisshowsthatthe meantechnicalefficiency...

Keywords: Technical efficiency, Farm size, Stochastic Production Frontier, Tobit Regression

[1]. Abdullahi B., Musa A., Idi A., and Adamu J. (2018). Socio-Demographic Determinants of Adewuyi, S.A., Agbonlahor, M.U., Oke, A.T., “Technical efficiency analysis of cassava farmers in Ogun State, Nigeria. IJAFS 4, 2013, 14; 515-522
[2]. Agboola W.L., (2016).,” Land management Practises and Technical efficiency of Food crop farmers in North central Nigeria: A data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Approach. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extenxion, Economics and Sociology 10(2):1-10,2016:
[3]. Agricultural Transformation Agenda (2011): We will grow Nigeria’s Agricultural sector, Agricultural transformation Blueprint. Fed. Ministry of Agriculture and rural Development, Abuja, Nigeria

ABSTRACT: Research is a determinantfor global impact, and societal development revolves around quality research. The hub of institutional development is based on the fundamental principle of synergetic state of collaboration of sound research tied to industryand other area of human endeavours which has a clear cut of supervise regulations. Sub-Saharan Africais considered to be a developing region and its role in the development of infrastructures...

Keywords: Clustering, google scholar, Sub-Saharan, Africa, Density-Based, Analysis, Research

[1]. Rajasekar, S., Philominathan, P., and Chinnathambi, V. (2013). Research methodology. eprint. arXiv preprint physics/0601009, 1-53.
[2]. Çaparlar, C. Ö., and Dönmez, A. (2016). What is scientific research and how can it be done?.Turkish journal of anaesthesiology and reanimation, 44(4), 212.
[3]. Adams, J., Gurney, K., Hook, D., and Leydesdorff, L. (2014). International collaboration clusters in Africa. Scientometrics, 98(1), 547-556

ABSTRACT: The aim of the study is to examine how social networking can influence political awareness. The review of background further depicts that body of literature require focusing upon the fact that social media plays an immeasurable role in bring political awareness in public. The study aspires to evaluate and examine the role of social media networking in bringing political awareness among people. In order to study and explore this issue, researcher has.....

[1]. Bonilla, Y., & Rosa, J. (2015). # Ferguson: Digital protest, hashtag ethnography, and the racial politics of social media in the United States. American Ethnologist, 42(1), 4-17.
[2]. Boulianne, S. (2016). Online news, civic awareness, and engagement in civic and political life. New Media & Society, 18(9), 1840-1856.
[3]. Broersma, M., & Graham, T. (2016). Tipping the Balance of Power Social Media and the Transformation of Political Journalism. The Routledge companion to social media and politics, 89-103.
[4]. Chadwick, A. (2017). The hybrid media system: Politics and power. Oxford University Press.
[5]. Colleoni, E., Rozza, A., & Arvidsson, A. (2014). Echo chamber or public sphere? Predicting political orientation and measuring political homophily in Twitter using big data. Journal of Communication, 64(2), 317-332