IOSR-JHSS   Volume-2 ~ Issue-4 ~ Sep-Oct-2012

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Study on Physical Education Teachers' Training Programme on Development of Attitude towards Physical Education
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Bhaskar Chakraborty, Somnath Nandy, Samirranjan Adhikari
	:	10.9790/0837-0240103

Abstract:Perspectives: Physical education takes a crucial role in education. Truly to educate our future generation and to help them to lead healthy and prosperous life, side by side with the general education physical education in its augmented total quality is to be introduced from early school level. Now, to maintain total quality of physical education we have to take scientific footing to discern the attitude of the students as well as the teachers of Secondary and Higher Secondary schools towards physical education as a preliminary step. This one was a longitudinal study carried out through quasi-experimental research design. A sample of 128 B.P.Ed students was chosen from different teacher education institutions of West Bengal by stratified random sampling technique The Attitudes toward Physical Education Scale was administered on the sample in three different phases – at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the session. From the Paired Samples "t" - test it was observed that there was statistically significant increase in the mean of the attitude scores from the 1st phase (M = 98.41) to the 2nd phase of testing (M = 102.01) and again to the 3rd phase of testing (M = 105.24).
Key wordsAnxiety, State and Trait Anxiety, Quasi-Experimental Research Design

[1] Adhikari, S. (2008). Perfectionist Self-Presentation Style of Prospective General as well as Physical Education Teachers. Indian
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[2] Adhikari, S. (2010). Impact of Physical Education Teachers Training Programme on Experience of Purpose of Life. Indian
Psychological Review, Vol. 74 No. 2 Yr.
[3] Adhikari, S. (2010a). To Study the Experience of Purpose in Life of Prospective General as well as Physical Education Teacher s.
Asian Journal of psychology & Education, Vol. Vol. 43 No. 3-4 Yr.
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Abstract:In the country like India where the discretionary powers are conferred upon administrative institutions. This concentration of power is responsible for the breeding of corrupt practices. As Lord Acton rightly said, "Power corrupts; absolute power corrupts absolutely". Procedures to seek remedies against administrative actions are woefully inadequate. Courts exercise control over administrative actions, but they have only a peripheral role. The administrative departments themselves have a control mechanism which has been found to be grossly inadequate to redress the grievances of people. Hence, there has been a need to have a strong anti-corruption body free from the influence of the government that can keep a check on public institution. So, a strong lokpal may be the appropriate authority for this purpose. This paper tries to highlight the perspective of Second Administrative Reforms Commission regarding corruption and lokpal.
Keywords: Administrative Reforms Commission, Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, Central Vigilance Commission, Chief Justice, Chief Minister, Constitution, Corruption, Ethics, Governance, Government, Grievance Redress Machinery, High Court, Legislature, Lokayukta, Lokpal, Parliament, Prevention of Corruption Act (PCA), Prime Minister, Public Administration, Recommendations, Responsive, Supreme Court, Transparent.

[1] Kaufmann, Daniel, Aart Kraay and Mastrazzi, Governance Matters, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 2196, 1996b.
[2] Government of India, Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988, Section 7.
[3] USAID, 2005, Anti Corruption Strategy, http://www.usaid.gov/our work/democracy and governance.
[4] Council of Europe, Twenty Guiding Principles for Fighting against Corruption, Committee of Ministers Resolution 97 (24)-
www.coe.int/t/dgi/Greco/document/resolution 97(24).
[5] R .K. Sapru, Administrative Theories and Management Thought, (New Delhi: PHI Learning, 2009) 433.
[6] S.R. Maheshwari, Administrative Reforms in India, (New Delhi: MacMillan, 2002)112 & 179-80.
[7] S.R. Maheshwari, Administrative Reforms Commission, Agra: Lakshmi Narian Agarwal, 1972, Pp.331-332.
[8] Kanahaiyalal Sharma, Reconstitution of the Constitution of India, (New Delhi: Deep & Deep, 2002) 499.
[9] www.humanrightsinitiative.org.
[10] Government of India, Second Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC), 4th Report on Ethics in Governance, 5-6.

Abstract:Perfectionism is a personality trait characterized by striving for flawlessness and setting excessively high standards for performance, accompanied by tendencies toward overly critical evaluations of one's behaviour. In physical education teachers training curriculum there is ample scope of rigorous physical activity as well as educational and mental exercise; so the main goal of the present study was to ascertain the impact of this training on management of Perfectionism. To measure Perfectionism of prospective teachers in physical education, Perfectionistic Self-Presentation Scale (PSPS) was administered on students of B.P.Ed. Course in three different phases during the academic session 2006 – 2007. The mean of the 1st Factor of PSPS (i.e., Perfectionistic Self-Promotion: proclaiming and displaying one's perfection) scores of 1st, 2nd and 3rd phase of testing were 50.69, 41.82 and 25.22 respectively. In 2nd Factor of PSPS: (i.e., Non-display of Imperfection: concealing and avoiding behavioral demonstration of one's imperfection) these were 52.90, 44.65 and 28.38 respectively. In 3rd Factor (i.e., Non-disclosure of Imperfection: evading and avoiding verbal admission of one's imperfection) the means were 54.23, 47.64 and 31.14 respectively. We may conclude that the physical education teachers' training programme (B.P.Ed. Course) have positive impact on management of Perfectionism.
Key words: Likert type scale, Management of Perfectionism, Perfectionism, Perfectionistic Self-Presentation Scale (PSPS), Physical Education Teachers' Training Programme,

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with psychopathology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 456–470.
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issues. In G. L. Flett, & P. L. Hewitt (Eds.), Perfectionism: Theory, research, and treatment (pp. 5–31). Washington, DC: American
Psychological Association.
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Abstract: As a colonial mechanism of exploitation the British under East India Company invented and experimented different land revenue settlements in colonized India. Historically, this becomes a major issue of discussion among the scholars in the context of exploitation versus progressive mission in British India. Here, in this paper an attempt has been made to analyze and to interpret the prototype, methods, magnitudes, and farreaching effects of the three major (Zamindari, Raiytwari and Mahalwari) land revenue settlements in a comparative way. And eventually this paper has tried to show the cause-effects relationship of different modes of revenue assessments, which in turn, how it facilitated Englishmen to provide huge economic vertebrae to the Imperial Home Country, and how it succors in altering Indian traditional society and economic set up.
Keywords: Diwani (revenue collection right), Mahal (estate), Potta (lease), Raiyat (peasant), Zamindar (land lord)

Primary:
[1] From the private secretary to his Excellency the Viceroy and Governor General in India, Dated 14th May 1900, Transfer for
Disposal, A Memorial from Mr. R. C., Dutt Regarding Land Settlement, in Bengal Proceedings No. 22, Serial No. 4.
[2] R. C. Dutt‟s Letter to Lord Curzon on the subject of Land Revenue Settlements in Madras, dated 20 th February 1900, Proceedings
No. 20, Serial No. 2
[3] Amelia (Shipley) Heber, Life of Reginald Heber, D.D., The Lord Bishop of Calcutta by his Widow with Selections,
Correspondence, Unpublished Poems, and Private Papers, 1830,Vol -II
[4] R. C Dutt‟s Letters to Lord Curzon; Dated the 12th May 1900, Remarks on the Land Settlements in Northern-India, Proceeding No.
23, Serial No. 5
[5] From the private secretary to his Excellency the Viceroy and Governor General in India, Dated 14th May 1900, transfer for
disposal a memorial from Mr. R. C., Dutt regarding land settlement in Bengal, Prof. No. 22, Serial No. 4, p. 21
[6] Dutt‟s letter to Curzon, Dated 20th February 1900, op. cit., Profceeding No. 20, Serial No. 2
[7] From the private secretary to his Excellency the Viceroy and Governor General in India, Dated 14th May 1900, transfer for
disposal a memorial from Mr. R. C., Dutt regarding land settlement in Bengal. Prof. No. 22 and Serial No. 4, .
[8] Regulation IX of 1833, R. M. Bird, in Revenue Law Report, North Western Provinces, 1867
Secondary:
[9] Karl Marx, The Future Result of British in India, New York Daily Tribune, June 1853. No.3840, in Marx and Angles; On
Colonialism, Foreign Language Publishing House, Moscow, 1960
[10] A. R Desai, Social Background of Indian Nationalism, Popular Prakashan, Bombay, 1948

Abstract: This study of the poems, present a contradiction between the states of innocence and experience, two phases through which all people must pass. Here we see the naturalistic world of childhood against the world of corruption. The poem "The Chimney Sweeper" is set against the dark background of child labor that was well known in England in the late 18th and 19th century. The poems (Chimney Sweeper in innocence and Experience) are meant to convey two different views of human life, the view of innocence and the view of experience. In the state of innocence, we look at things freshly; we look at natural objects and wonder at them, finding in them a child's simple apprehension of beauty. Blake writes these poems to let the reader knows that many kid's lives are being exploited in the cities of England. He expresses his disgust about the plight of the majority of the chimney sweepers and how the society and church turn a blind eye of their sufferings. In the society they live in, innocent children are in anguish because of the harsh treatment of the adult population. While it endorses hope, the reader must acknowledge that something needs to be done to improve the lives of these children.

[1] Speak Silence: Rhetoric and Culture in Blake's Poetical Sketches. Ed. Mark L. Greenberg. (Wayne State Univ Press, 1996).
[2] William Blake: Poet and Painter. Jean H. Hagstrum. (University of Chicago Press, 1964).
[3] William Blake: His Life and Work. Jack Lindsay. (Constable, 1978)
[4] The Stranger from Paradise: A Biography of William Blake. G. E. Bentley, Jr. (Yale Univ Press, 2003).

Abstract: Muhammad Ben Ishaque was born at the holy city of Madina in 699A (80 Hijra) and died in 768A (151 Hijra). He holds a leading position in the art of "Seerat-Writing". He was an eminent and proficient writer of "Hadith‟. He heard and narrated "Ahadith‟ directly from "Taabeen‟ (disciples of the companions of the Holy Prophet (SAW). He had the honor to meet and see Anas Bin Malik (RA), one of the companion of the Holy Prophet (SAW).
Keywords:1. Seerat, Seera or sear. The life of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)
2. Maghazi. Jihad.
3. Ghazwat. Jihad
4. Hadith. Anything (saying and practices) referred to the Holy Prophet.
5. Companion. A person who saw the Holy Prophet (SWA) while being a Muslim.

[1] Tehzib-ul-Tehzib 32/5
[2] Ibid, 28.29/5
[3] Ibid, 295
[4] Ibid,
[5] Tarikh Baghdad, Khatib Baghdadi (Hafiz Abi Bakar Muhsin Ali 463 H) Maktaba-Hus-Saada Egypt 1349 219/1
[6] Tarikh Tebra, 92/1
[7] Ibid, 70/1
[8] Ibid, 55/1
[9] Ibid, 47/1
[10] Ibid, 130/1

Abstract: Regarding the 'constructive' nature of travel literature, the notions expressed by Edward Said in his seminal work orientalismto a greater extent seems authentic and unchallengeable. One classical example that confirms the soundness of his argument overwhelmingly has been the travel accounts of victor Jacquemont. He, while travelling in Kashmir valley as an imperial agent and presumably affected by his prejudiced 'cultural affiliations' and the 'milieu' he lived in, there seems very less, to say, 'representative' in histravel narratives. What he had furnished is holistically a'bleak picture' of almost all the aspects of Kashmir valley. Speaking contemptuously of East and biased arguments constitutes the zenith of his itinerary reports. Consequently his borrowed descriptions sound bizarre in each breath. And thehegemonic manner of his travel narrations too underlines the presence of elements of 'subjectivity' in the encounter between the identities 'self' and 'other.' The purpose of this paper is to, therefore, to demonstrate the constructive nature of victor Jacquemont's travel reports and to lay bare the factors that affected him in encountering the things orient.
Keywords: Black picture, Constructive, Cultural affiliations, Milieu, Subjectivity, Self and Other

[1] Bamazai, P.N.K (1994) Cultural and Political History of Kashmir, New Delhi: Md Publications, P. 613-14
[2] Schofield, Victoria(2003)Kashmir in Conflict, India, Pakistan and the Unending War ,London: I.B.Tauris, p. 10
[3] Bamazai. Cultural and Political History of Kashmir, p. 614-615
[4] Jacquemont, Victor (1936) Letters from India 1829-1832,London: Macmillan&Co., Limited,p.104-105
[5] Jacquemont, Victor (1834) Letters from India. Describing a journey in the British Dominions of India, Tibet, Lahore, and
Cashmere during the years 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, p.233: Jacquemont"s letters were first published in English since he was on a
trip which was sponsored by the Royal Asiatic Society. Indebted to his English patrons, his letters carried an introduction by his
English publisher which frankly avowed the value of his work as an impartial "judge of British rule in India, even an unwilling
advocate "by virtue of his being from France which had been defeated in India by Britain. See ibid: introduction.
[6] Jacquemont, p. 106
[7] Jacquemont, p 206-207
[8] Jacquemont,p.201
[9] Jacquemont, p.102
[10] acquemont,p.98

Abstract: A progressive agriculture serves as a powerful engine of economic growth of any country. It helps in initiating and sustaining the development of other sectors of the economy. In view of this, after independence the Government of India adopted a positive approach and specific programmes like new agriculture technology were introduced. Indian farmers being poor were not in a position to buy these expensive inputs.Then the Indian Government started the scheme of subsidies on the purchase of various agriculture inputs to facilitate the farmers. Subsidies are often criticized for their financial burden, on the other hand there is a fear that agriculture production and income of farmers would decline if subsidies are curtailed. The findings indicate that the increasing rate of total subsidies (fertilizers, electricity and irrigation) is higher than gross cropped area (GCA) during pre, first as well as second phase of liberalization periods. There is a lot of variation to find out the relationship between gross cropped area (GCA) and in total subsidies in zones throughout the study period. The present study suggests that Government should keep aside its motive to please voters or strengthen the vote bank, it should frame rational policy in which small size category farmers, who are not actual beneficiaries of subsidies, could get more and subsides, which they do not want should be withdrawn.
Keywords: agriculture, electricity subsidy, fertilizers subsidies, irrigation subsidy, productivity

[1] Chahal, T.S., Machanisation of Punjab Agriculture and its impact (Macrosd Printers, Amritsar, 1994).
[2] Singh, Surrender ,Agricultural Development in India-A Regional Analysis (Kaushal Publication, Amritsar,1994).
[3] Fan, Shengyen, Ashok Gulati and SukhaseoThorat ,Investment, Subsidies and Pro-poor growth in Rural India, Agricultural
Economic, 39(2), 2008, 163-170
[4] Gulati, Ashok and SudhaNarayanan ,The subsidy syndrome in Indian Agriculture(Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2003)
[5] Government of Punjab, Agriculture Department, Chandigarh
[6] Gupta, Anjali, Impact of agricultural subsidies, Economic and Political Weekly, 39(4),1984, 48-53
[7] Sharma, V.K., Impact of agricultural subsidies on Nation Income and agricultural production, Economic and Political
Weekly,47(7),,1982 66-71
[8] Gulati, Ashok , Investment, subsidies and pro-poor growth in rural India, Economic andPolitical Weekly, 18(3), 2007
[9] Bhalla, G.S. , Indian Agriculture, Uppal Publisher House, New Delhi, 1994, 6-10
[10] Government of Punjab, Statistical Abstract, various years

Abstract: Postmodern fiction is a carnivalesque interweaving of styles, voices and registers which disrupts the hierarchy of literary genres. It can be defined as a riotous cacophony of conflicting discourses. It uses fantasy and myth as means of comprehending reality. It violates conventions of genre and decorum. It represents the
flowering of menippean satire, a seriocomic genre that mixes modes and menippean attire, a seriocomic genre that mixes modes and comprehends multiple styles and voices. The indeterminacy and non-closure that the Post-Modern fiction prefers invites reader's response and so the reader plays a significant role in Post-Modern novels. The goal of the Post-Modern fiction......

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[3]. ............................., : The Terrible Threes. New York: Random House, 1989 print.
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[5]. ....................... : Mumbo Jumbo. Garden City, Doubleday, 1972 Print.

Abstract: Computers have transformed modern education by improving access to information, facilitating interactive learning, and enhancing communication between teachers and students. Since the introduction of personal computers in educational institutions, computer-assisted learning has become an integral part of teaching methodologies. This article discusses the historical development of computers in education, their applications, advantages, challenges, and future prospects as understood up to 2010. The article also highlights the role of computers in distance education, e-learning, research, administration, and skill development.

Keywords: Computer, Education, E-learning, Computer-Assisted Instruction, Information Technology, Distance Learning

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[5]. Cuban L. Oversold and Underused: Computers in the Classroom. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; 2001. p. 1–256.