IOSR-JESTFT   Swami Shri Swaroopanand Saraswati Mahavidyalya Hudco Bhilai (SSSSMHB)

Abstract: Ethanolic extracts of Mimosa pudica leaves were screened for phytochemical constituents. Phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed that the antimicrobial activity of the plant materials is due to the presence of active constituents like alkaloids or tannins.Mimosa pudica is used in disease related to blood and bile, bilious fever, piles, jaundice, leprosy, ulcer and smallpox. In the present study ethanolic extracts of Mimosa pudica leaves and roots sample were obtained using soxhlet apparatus. Phytochemical studies for the presence of revealed that tannin and proteins are present in both the samples.

[[1]. Ahmad I, and Beg A Z J, 2001. "Antimicrobial and phytochemical studies on 45 Indian medicinal plants against multi-drug resistant human pathogens." Ethnopharmacol 74 :113-23.
[2]. Arthur H R, 1954."Phytochemical Analysis of Mimosa pudica" J Pharm Pharmacol 66–72.
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[4]. Deininger R, 1984. Lectures of the Medical Congress Berlin: Firma Klosterfrau, 31.Germplasm Resources Information Network 2008. "Mimosa pudica L.". GRIN, United Koln. 24
[5]. Dey B and Sita Raman MV, 1957. "LaboratoryManual of organic Chemistry". S. Viswanathan publication, Madras.

Abstract: Organic chemical industry is the integral segment of chemical industry which converts raw materials into vast array of substances that are useful for our day to day life and plays a significant role in global economic and social development. The chemical industry is a major driver of economic growth and its performance is a leading indicator of economic development. Industrial production of organic chemicals comprises of various complex chemical reactions and during manufacturing process there is potential for chemicals and byproducts to enter the environment. The conventional end of pipe treatment process is unable to reduce the environmental risks effectively

[1]. A handbook on Indian Chemical and Petrochemical sector 2014.
[2]. Sheldon, R.A. 1997. Catalysis: The Key to waste minimization., J chem. Tech Biotechnol ; 68(4): 381-388.
[3]. Srivastava, R. & Srivastava, S. 2003., How Green are Indian Firms?
[4]. Anastas, P.T. &Warner, J.C.,1998. Green Chemistry, Theory and practice, Oxford University Press, New York.
[5]. R.A.Sheldon, 2005. Green solvents for sustainable organic synthesis: State of the art. Green Chem., 7, 267
[6]. Noyori R. 2005. pursuing practical elegance in chemical synthesis. Chemical communications;14:1807-1811.

Abstract: The aquatic autotrophs extended protection to significant extent against to the sub-lethal zinc induced enzyme variations but still there is a serious innovative need to protect the economically, Culturally and nutritionally important fish species for protection. The sub - lethal Zinc metal concentrations in presence of Chlorella vulgaris caused significant variations in brain (cerebrum, diencephalons, cerebellum & medulla oblongata) enzyme hexokinase in Labeo rohita, Clariasbatrachus and Channa punctatus,in microbe presence to a lesser extent than metal exposure directly. Under detoxification studies the impact of Chlorella vulgaris on sub-lethal Zinc toxicity on hexokinase in various brain regions,Chorella vulgaris may have potential as a precipitation agent.Chorella vulgaris rapidly adsorbed appreciable amount of Zinc from the aqueous solutions .The autotroph Chlorella vulgaris has the detoxification ability and the present change of enzyme levels in different brain regions of three fish species.

Abstract: Vivekanandsarover is situated in the centre of the city It occupies an area of 25 ha. It is widely used by people and also receives domestic wastewater throughout the year, as the waste water channel is diverted into the pond.In Algal member of chlorophyta, Cyanophytaand Desmids are reported. Seasonal changes in temperature affect the composition of flora and bring about seasonal migration. Water bloom is usually brought about in lakes and ponds by rapid multiplication of the members of Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, algal flagellates on calm days, when the organisms' concentrate in the upper layer of the water. Generally in the temperate region in the month of august there is Microcystis, aeruginosa (Ganpati, 1959).In thepondAanabaenaAulosira,Scytonema, Aphanotheca, Cladophora,Stigeophora,Ulothrix, Hydrodictyon,

Abstract: Salinity is the saltiness or dissolved salt content (Such as Sodium Chloride, Magnesium and Calcium sulfates and bicarbonates) of a body of water or in Soil. Salt Stress is the osmotic forces exerted on plants when they are growing in a salt marsh or under other excessively saline conditions. Salinity remains one of men's oldest environment and horticultural problems and challenging to scientist for production and productivity in our country. Salinity is caused by various factors such as mineral weathering, use of faulty irrigation water, poor rainfall, high evaporation rates, etc.

Abstract: Crocodile has been categorized as a vulnerable species in the Red List of IUCN and is placed under schedule 1 of the Wild Life Protection Act, 1972. To protect Crocodiles a Crocodile Conservation Park has been established by The Govt. of Chhattisgarh in Munda pond of Kotmi Sonar, District Janjgir - Champa, (C. G.) India.The physicochemical conditions of Munda pond provide an optimal conditions for, growth and vital activities for this species, Crocodylus palustris. The population of Crocodylus palustris is gradually increasing up to 378. The establishment of incubation centre, artificial hatchery and other technical facilities helps in the increasing population of Crocodylus palustris.The potentialities of Crocodile Park showed explored from point of view of knowledge, research activities and ecotourism as well.

Abstract: Use of pesticides is increasing day by day because not only must our exploding population be supplied with food, but crops and food are grown for export to other countries. India has leading position among the largest producers of food products in the world, partly owing to our use of modern chemicals (pesticides) to control the insects, weeds, and other organisms that attack food crops. But, as with many things in life, there's a hidden cost to the benefit we get from pesticides. It is found that pesticides can potentially harm the environment and our own health. Pesticides are transported from the areas where they are applied to other locations with the help of flowing water and they may cause health problems.

Abstract: Aquatic biodiversity has enormous economic and aesthetic value and is largely responsible for maintaining and supporting overall environmental health. Humans have long depended on aquatic resources for food, medicines, and materials. Present study deals with the Ichthyofaunal diversity of dandia pond and mahurband pond of kanker city district north bastar kanker ,C.G.,India. Dandia pond is situated in the heart of Kanker city of Kanker district while Mahurband pond is located in the mahurbandpara of Kanker city. Both ponds are well protected by all sides. These water bodies specially constructed for irrigation and fishery purpose. The fish community of the both ponds were studied by monthly samples taken from July 2009 to June 2010. During study 39 fish species belong to 5 orders, 20 genera and 11 families were recorded from Dandia pond and 42 fish species belong to 5 orders, 22 genera and 11 families were recorded from Mahurband pond. Fish collections were done with gillnets of standardized dimensions with several mesh sizes. At present the water bodies sustain the populations of rohu and catla as the major food fishes while Puntius spp., Chela spp., Mystus spp.

Abstract: The isolated Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis from Lonar Crater Lake is rich in Cphycocyanin content. C- PC was extracted by implementing the Freeze Thaw method. The extracted C-PC concentration was found to be 0.0348 mg/ml. The crude C-PC was analyzed for the antimicrobial potency against some pathogenic bacteria and fungi by different standard microbiological assay methods. The antibacterial activity of C-PC was found to be maximum against S. aureus and Shigella spp. exhibiting 10 mm and 09 mm of diameter of zone of inhibition by disc diffusion method and 17 mm and 16 mm by agar well diffusion technique. Among the bacterial pathogens all showed sensitivity towards the C-PC resulted to show maximum relative percent inhibition of C-PC as high as up to 94.44% against S.aureus , fungi were found to be insensitive.

Abstract: Swertiachirata also known as 'chirata' is a medicinal plant indigenous to temperate Himalaya. Its medicinal usage is reported in Indian pharmaceutical codex, the British and the American pharmacopoeias and in different traditional systems of medicines such as the Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha. The plant is used as a bitter tonic in treatment of fever and for curing various skin diseases. Among the different species of Swertiareported in India,Swertiachiratais considered the most important for its medicinal properties. The bitterness, antihelmintic, hypoglycemic and antipyretic properties are attributed to amarogentin(most bitter compound isolated till date),swerchirin, swertiamarin and other active principles of the herb. Herbal medicines contain S.chirataextract in different amounts for its antipyretic, hypoglycemic,antifungal and antibacterial properties.

Abstract: From primitive time in India use of animal in curing different diseases. The present study aims to review the zootherapeutic practices of the different ethic communities of India. The Present ethnology work which i have studied from different published research paper of various author of zoo therapeutic studies in India from 2002 to 2011 I come to know that many types of disease one cured by animal and their product about 109 animals and their 270 uses are reported in traditional medicine in deferent parts of India. I experienced that animals are used for respiratory problems gastric trouble, Rheumatic pains, Skin Problem, eye related Problem.

Abstract: The Government has come out with a policy for water resources development in the state of Chhattisgarh. In this paper, the suggestions given in this policy are critically examined. The paper also examines the various water policies being adopted by other administrative bodies. The pros and cons of all such policies have been discussed at length here and the suggestions most suitable for the state of Chhattisgarh, keeping in view the availability of water in the region, the sources of water, the possible methods for efficiently utilizing these available resources etc.

[1]. Water Policy for Drought Proofing Chhattisgarh, Sponsored by the Planning Commission, Institute for Human Development,NewDelhi,Dec. 2002. (http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/sereport/ser/water_policy/10_ch8.pdf)
[2]. S Vijay Kumar, Girija K Bharat, "Perspectives on a Water Resource Policy for India", http://www.teriin.org/policybrief/docs/persp.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_resource_management
[3]. Tetu, P.S., Ingle, P.K., Bongiruar, P.L., "Bridge cum Bandhara – A crossing and storage Bridge Structure", Proceedings of the 25th IRF International Conference, 10th May 2015, Chennai, India, pp. 20-23. ISBN 978-93-85465-11-6.
[4]. Bongirwar, P.L., Numjashi, A.G. and Jaiswal, M.M., "Dual purpose bridge structures – Crossing and storage – need of the day", Journal of the Indian Road Congress, Vol. 64-3, December 2003.

Abstract: Phytochemicals are the secondary metabolites synthesized in different parts of the plants. They have the remarkable ability to influence various body processes and functions. So they are taken in the form of food supplements, tonics, dietary plants and medicines. Such natural products of the plants attribute to their therapeutic and medicinal values. Phenolic compounds are the most important group of bioactive constituents of the medicinal plants and human diet. Some of the important ones are simple phenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids and phenyl-propanoids. They act as antioxidants and free radical scavengers, and hence function to decrease oxidative stress and their harmful effects

[1]. Abd El-Baky Hanaa H, EI Baz Farouk K and I-Baroty Gamal S. (2009). Production of phenolic compounds by Spirulina maxima microalgae and their protective effects in vitro towards hepatotoxicity model. Advances in Food Sciences, volume 31, 1 : 8-16.
[2]. Apak R, Guclu K, Demirata B, Ozyurek M, Esin CS, Bektasoglu B, Berker K, Ozyur D. (2007). Comparative evaluation of various total antioxidant capacity assays applied to phenolic compounds with the CUPRAC assay. Molecules. 12 : 1496-547.
[3]. Atoui AK, Mansouri A, Boskou G, Kefalas P. (2005). Tea and herbal infusions : their antioxidant activity and phenolic profile. Food Chemistry. 89 : 27-36.
[4]. Babu B, Wu JT (2008). Production of Natural Butylated Hydroxytoluene as an Antioxidant by Fresh water Phytoplankton. Journal of Psychology. 44(6) : 1447-1454.

Abstract: India, at one time, had one of the richest and most varied fauna in the world. However, over the last several decades there has been rapid decline of India's wild animals and birds which is a cause of grave concern. Some wild animals and birds have already become extinct e.g. the cheetah and others are on the brink of extinction. Areas which were once teeming with wild life have become devoid of it, and many sanctuaries and parks are empty or almost empty of animals & birds. Thus, the Sariska Tiger Reserve in Rajasthan and the Panna Tiger Reserve in Madhya Pradesh today have no tigers.

[1]. Adams, Douglas and Mark Carwardine. Last Chance to See. New York: Harmony Books, 1990.
[2]. American Association of Zoological Parks & Aquariums. Species Survival Plan. Wheeling, West Virginia: AAZPA, 1992.
[3]. American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums. ConservationResource Guide. Wheeling, West Virginia: American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums, 1991.
[4]. Behler, Deborah. "Baby Black-footed Ferrets Sighted." WildlifeConservation, Nov./Dec. 1992.
[5]. Boyd, Linda. Zoological Parks and Aquariums in the Americas 1990-1991. Wheeling, West Virginia: American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums, 1990.

Abstract: The potential of higher plants may give a new source of antimicrobial agents with novel mechanism of action (Narayan V, J shukla) the drugs from higher plants and their effects continue to occupy and important niche in modern medicine (B Mahes and V Satish) plants are rich in secondary metabolites which have been found to have antimicrobial properties . In general bacteria have the genetic ability to transmit and acquire resistance to synthetic drugs which are used for therapy

[1]. Alam MM, Siddiqui MB, Hussian W. Treatment of diabetes throuherbal drugs in rural India. Fitoterpia. 1990;61:240–2.
[2]. Bauer AW, Kirby WMM, Sherris JC, Turck M. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by standardized single disc method. Am J Clin Pathol. 1966;36:493–6.
[3]. Cowan MM. Plant products as anti-microbialagents. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999;12:564–82.
[4]. Dahanukar SA, Kulkarni RA, Rege NN. Pharmacology of medicinal plants and natural products. Indian J Pharmacol. 2000;32:S81–118.
[5]. Maheshwari JK, Singh KK, Saha S. Economic Botany Information Service, NBRI. Lucknow: 1986. Ethno botany of tribals of Mirzapur District, Uttar Pradesh.

Abstract: Azotobacter is a free living nitrogen fixer and a plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. It is gram negative, motile, spherical bacteria. It promots the plant growth by producing auxin, producing siederophores and solubilizing phosphate. In present study combine application of a biofertilizer and a chemical fertilizer is done. Azotobacter alone and with the combination of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% urea is applied to rice seeds and effect on the seed germination and plant growth have been recorded. It is observed that coinoculation of chemical and biofertilizers improves the growth of plant.

[1]. Ahmed F., Ahmed I., Khan M. S. 2008. Screening of free living rhizosheric bacteria for their multiple plant growth promoting activities . Microbial research 163(2): 173-181.
[2]. Bashan Y. and Holguin, G. 1997. Azospirillum-plant relationships: environmental and phyiological advances (1990-1996). Can. I. Micribiol. 43.103-121.
[3]. Bashan Y. 1998a. Inoculants of plant growth promoting bacteria for use in agriculture. Biotechnol. Ada. 16: 729-770.
[4]. Bashan Y. and Holguin, G. 1998b. Proposal for the division of plant growthpromoting rhizobacteria into two classification: Biocontrol-PGPB (plant growth promoting
[5]. bacteria) and PGPB. Soil boil. Biochem. 30: 1225-1228.

Abstract: A new species of the family Rhabdochonidae, skrjabin, 1946; from the stomach of fresh water fish, Barbus ticto (Gunther) from Kotsagar pond, block-Kota, Bilaspur (C.G.) The specimens do not agree with the description of known species of the genus, Rhabdochona, hence a new species Rhabdochona tictaii has been established to describe these nematodes. The new species is characterized by body size, location of nerve ring & excretory pore, number & arrangement of caudal papillae, spicules length, shape of tail in both sexes.

1]. FURTADO.J.I., 1965 : Rhabdochona penangensis sp. nov. (Nematoda: Rhabdochonidae) from a Malyan cyprinid fish zool. Anz., 174: 231-236.
[2]. MARGARITOV N. 1968 : On the distribution of Rhabdochona anguilla Spaul, 1927 (Nematoda: Spiruridea) Godishnik na sofiysk. Univ., Biol. Fak, 1965/ 1966, 60: 103-105 (In Bulgarian, German Summary)
[3]. MORAVEC, F. & H.P. ARARI , 1971 : The North & Central American species of Rhabdochona Railliet 1916 (Nematoda: Rhabdochonidae) of fishes, including Rhabdochona canadensis sp. nov. J., Fish Res. B.d. Can. 28: 1645-1662.
[4]. MORAVEC, F.1972 a : General characterization of the nematode genus Rhabdochona with a revision of the South American species, Acta Soc. Zool. Bohemoslov. 36: 29-46.