iosr-JEEE   Volume-7 ~ Issue-1

Abstract: In this paper, an artificial bee's colony (ABC) algorithm based neuro fuzzy controller (NFC) will be proposed for improving the performance of UPQC. Here, the error and change of error voltage of the system is to be applied to the neural network. The output of the neural network optimized by ABC algorithm and the network output is enhanced. By the optimized output, the optimal fuzzy rules are generated and the discharging capacitor voltage is calculated from the bias voltage generator. The proposed technique is implemented in MATLAB working platform and the performance is evaluated with voltage sag power quality problem. The power quality compensating performance of the proposed method is compared (ABC-NFC) with ANFIS, ANN, FLC and NFC. Then, the RMS voltage of proposed method is evaluated after solving PQ problem.

Keywords: UPQC, Neural Network, Fuzzy Logic controller and Power Quality Issue, Voltage Sag, ABC algorithm.

[1] B Jyothi, B Jyothsna Rani and M Venu Gopal Rao, "Analysis Of Unified Power Quality Conditioner During Voltage Sag And Swell Conditions", International Journal Of Engineering Science & Advanced Technology, Vol.2, No.1, pp.85-91, 2012.

[2] B Kumara Swamy, P Pavan Kumar and Ch V K R M V Prasad, "A MATLAB Based Power Quality Analyzer (PQA) For Enhancing Power Quality in The System", International Journal Of Electrical And Electronics Engineering Research, Vol.3, No.1, pp.73-86, 2013.

[3] T Devaraju, V C Veera Reddy and M Vijaya Kumar, "Role of custom power devices in Power Quality Enhancement: A Review", International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Vol.2, No.8, pp.3628-3634, 2010.

[4] S Khalid and Bharti Dwivedi, "Power Quality: An Important Aspect", International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Vol.2, No.11, pp.6485-6490, 2010. [5] C Nalini Kiran, "Power Quality Improvement Using Active and Passive Power Filters", International Journal of Modern Engineering Research, Vol.2, No.1, pp.76-79, 2012.

[6] S H Laskar and Mohibullah, "Power Quality Issues and Need of Intelligent PQ Monitoring in the Smart Grid Environment", International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, Vol.2, No.9, pp.63-69, 2012.

[7] Nagendrababu Vasa, Sreekanth G, Narender Reddy Narra and Srujana A, "Series Compensation Technique for Voltage Sag Mitigation", International organization of Scientific Research Journal of Engineering, Vol.2, No.8, pp.14-24, 2012.

[8] Mahesh A Patel, Ankit R Patel, Dhaval R Vyas and Ketul M Patel, "Use of PWM Techniques for Power Quality Improvement", International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering, Vol.1, No.4, pp.99-102, 2009.

[9] Paduchuri Chandra Babu and Subhransu Sekhar Dash, "Design of Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) Connected To Three Phase Four Wire System", International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Vol.4, No.1, pp.60-64, 2012.

[10] Saleha Tabassum and B Mouli Chandra, "Power Quality Improvement By UPQC Using ANN Controller", International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol.2, No.4, pp.2019-2024, 2012.

Abstract: This work is a comparison of different illuminants to find the optimal solution for different road lighting condition.The spectrum of different lamps are analysed phtotmetrically under spetroradiometer and datas are analysed keeping in mind the task of driving on road at night as base and thus approaching to an optimal solution.

Keywords : Optimal road lighting solution, spectrum analysis, task of driving, spetroradiometer.

[1] Hecht, Eugene,Optic ( Addison- Wesley,1987).
[2] Wyszecki, Gunter, Stiles, W. S. Colour science, Concepts and methods, quantities data and formula ( John wiley & Sons,1967).
[3] International Commission on Illumination. CIE 115- 1995: Recommendations, 1995.
[4] Illuminating Engineering Society of North america. (1999). ANSI/IESNA RP-8-00: American National Standard Practice for Roadway Lighting. New York: Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.
[5] Bullough, John D. & Rea, Mark S, Visual Performance under Mesopic Conditions, Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1862, 2004, 89-94.
[6] CIE 180-2007 Technical Report on, Road transport lighting for developing countries, ISBN 978 3 901 906 61 9.
[7] Adrian W,The influence of spectral power distribution for equal visual performance in roadway lighting levels, Proc of the 4th international lighting research symposium: vision at low light levels, Orlando, 1998.
[8] Lewin I, Lumen effectiveness multipliers for outdoor lighting design, Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society, 30, 2001, 40–52.
[9] Halonen L, Eloholma M, Spectral sensitivity at mesopic light levels, Proc of PAL, 1999, 331-339.
[10] Anstis S, The Purkinje rod–cone shift as a function of luminance and retinal eccentricity, Vision Res., 42(22), 2002, 2485–2491.

Abstract: There are three primary ways for an aircraft to change its orientation relative to the passing air. Pitch (movement of the nose up or down, rotation around the transversal axis), Roll (rotation around the longitudinal axis, that is, the axis which runs along the length of the aircraft) and Yaw (movement of the nose to left or right, rotation about the vertical axis).

[1]. Bailey, Randall E; Jackson, E. Bruce (June 2009), Initial Investigation of Reaction Control System Design on Spacecraft Handling Qualities for orbit Docking‟ AIAA paper 2008-6553 presented at the AIAA Atmospheric Fight Mechanics Conference, 2009.
[2]. Baum, Brian(2002). Boeing 747-SP (Great Airliners, Vol. 3). Osceola, WI: Motor books International. ISBN 0-9626730-7-2.
[3]. Birtles, Philip(2000). Boeing 747-400. Hersham, Surrey: Ian Allen,. ISBN 0-7110-2728-5. 2000
[4]. Bowers, Peter M(1989). Boeing Aircraft Since 1916. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1989. ISBN 0-85177-804-6.
[5]. Bowman, Martin(2000). Boeing 747 (Crowood Aviation Series). Marlborough, Wilts.: Crowood, 2000. ISBN 1-86126-242-6.
[6]. Chirag Patel (2001), "Math Work India specializing in control system design and automation‟. Wichita State University, Kansas.
[7]. Dorr, Robert F(2000). Boeing 747-400 (AirlinerTech Series, Vol. 10). North Branch, MN: Specialty Press, 2000. ISBN 1-58007-055-8.
[8]. Emily K. Lewis and Nghia D. Vuong (13-16 August 2012), "Integration of Matlab Simulink Models with the Vertical Motion Simulator‟ presented at VMS) at NASA Ames, 2012.
[9]. Falconer, Jonathan(1997). Boeing 747 in Color. Hersham, Surrey: Ian Allen, 1997. ISBN 1-882663-14-4.
[10]. Gavin Walker, Jonathan Friedman, and Rob Aberg(2007), "Configuration Management of the Model Based Design Process", SAE 2007-01-1775

Abstract: Symmetrical components are very excellent tools for the analysis of three phase unbalanced power system.. In this paper, a software program has been developed in C++ Builder to extract the positive, negative components along with harmonics from the three phase current of a simulated three phase system. This software is user defined. The developed software has been tested on simulated system under balanced, unbalanced, faults and harmonics condition and a satisfactory result have been found.

Keywords: Filter, Harmonics, Harmonic Extraction, Symmetrical Components, Software.

[1] S. A. Soliman and M. E. El-Hawary, "Application of Kalman filtering for online estimation of symmetrical components for power system protec- tion," Electr. Power Syst. Res., vol. 38, 1997, pp. 113–123,.

[2] A. A. Girgis, W. Chang, and E. B. Makram, "Analysis of high-impedance fault generated signals using a Kalman filtering approach," IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 5, no. 4, Oct. 1990,pp. 1714–1724.

[3] A. Campos, G. Joos, P. D. Ziogas, and J. F. Lindsay, "A DSP-based real- time digital filter for symmetrical components," in Proc. Athens Power Tech. Joint Int. Power Conf. (APT 1993), vol. 1, pp. 75–79.

[4] T. Lobos, "Fast estimation of symmetrical components in real time," Proc. Inst. Electr. Eng. C, vol. 139, no. 1, Jan. 1992, pp. 27–30.

[5] G. Andria and L. Salvatore, "Inverter drive signal processing via DFT and EKF," Proc. Inst. Electr. Eng. B, vol. 137, no. 2, Mar. 1990, pp. 111–119.

[6] P. K. Dash, D. P. Swain, A. C. Liew, and S. Rahman, "An adap- tive linear combiner for on-line tracking of power system harmon- ics," IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 11, no. 4, Nov.1996, pp. 1730–1735,

[7] M. I. Marei, E. F. El-Saadany, and M. A. Salama, "A processing unit for symmetrical components and harmonics estimation based on a new adaptive linear combiner structure," IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 19, no. 3, Jul. 2004, pp. 1245–1252.

[8] K. M. El-Naggar, "A fast method for identification of symmetrical com- ponents for power system protection," Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol. 23, 2001,pp. 813–817.

[9] S. Chen and G. Joos, "A novel DSP-based adaptive line synchronization system for three-phase utility interface power converters," in Proc. Power Electron. Spec. Conf., 2001, vol. 2, pp. 528–532.

[10] D. Jovic, "Phase-locked loop system for FACTS," IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 18, no. 3 ,Aug. 2003, pp. 1116–1124,.

Abstract: This paper implements Intelligent tracking system for campus security. The intelligent campus security tracking system is based on wireless communication services between nodes provided by RFID sensors and ZigBee. This system identifies the RFID tags within the region to prevent thefts and track the valuables, so as to protect the property of the stake holder on the campus. This system is based on radio frequency detection and IEEE 802.15.4 based ZigBee protocol. The tracking ability of RFID sensors and the ability of ZigBee to form a wireless sensor network has been effectively used in this paper to achieve the goal. RFID identifies the RFID tags on the Master and the slaves i.e valuables owned by the master, then sends the sensed information to PC node through ZigBee. PC node generates corresponding warning depending on the result of match between the master and slave RFID tag information. When the warning occurs, its user can get the status of missing valuables, so the theft can be easily avoided.

Keywords: Microcontroller, RFID Tags, Security Tracking,Wireless sensor network,ZigBee

[1] Ying Chen,Yuntao Wang,Xiaokang Li,Li Gao,The Design and Implementation of Intelligent Campus Security Tracking System Based on RFID and ZigBee,978-1-4244-9439-2/11 ©2011 IEEE.

[2] Waltenegus Dargie,Fundamentals of Wireless Sensor Networks: Theory and Practice Christian Poellabauer 47-68

[3] Drew Gislason, Zigbee Wireless Networking 151-154

[4] Wei Wang, Guangyu He and Junli Wan, Research on Zigbee wireless communication technology The National Natural Science Foundation of China ( No. 51077079),978-1-4244-8165-1/11 ©2011 IEEE

[5] Freescale IEEE 802.15.4 / ZigBee Node RF Evaluation and Test Guidelines Reference Manual, Document Number: ZRFETRM Rev. 1.0 05/2010

[6] Shah, P. , Vishwakarma Inst. of Technol., Pune , Shaikh, T. , Ghan, K. , Shilaskar, S.,Power Management Using ZigBee Wireless Sensor Network,Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology, 2008. ICETET '08.

Abstract: A good distribution system should ensure that the voltage variations at consumer's terminals are within permissible limits. To improve the voltage profile in distribution systems, a new concept of Voltage Improvement Factor has been used in this paper. The proposed method is implemented on IEEE 15 bus radial distribution system.

Index Terms: Capacitor placement, capacitor sizing, distribution system, voltage profile, voltage improvement, Voltage improvement factor, VIF

[1] H. D. Chiang, J. C. Wang, O. Cockings, and H. D. Shin, "Optimal capacitor placements in distributions systems: Part 1 and 2," IEEE Trans. Power Del., Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 634–649, Apr. 1990.
[2] Nerves, A.C.; Savet, F.J., "Voltage and Reactive-Power Control Optimization in a Distribution System," IEEE TENCON 2006 , 14-17 Nov. 2006, pp. 1-4.

[3] M. E. Baran and F. F. Wu, "Optimal Capacitor Placement on Radial Distribution Systems", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 4, No. 1, January 1989.

[4] J. J. Grainger, and S. H. Lee, "Optimum Size and Location of Shunt Capacitors for Reduction of Losses on Distribution Feeders", IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and Systems, vol. 100, pp. 1105-1 118, March 1981.

[5] M. M. Hamada, M. A. A. Wahab, A. M. El-Sayed, H. A. Ramadan, " A proposed strategy for capacitor allocation in radial distribution feeders," in Conf. 12th Middle East Power Systems Conf., MEPCON, Aswan, Egypt, 12-15 March 2008

[6] S.Jalilzadeh, S. Galvani, H. Hosseinian, F.Razavi, " Voltage Profile Modification Using Genetic Algorithm In Distribution Systems, " in Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2007 WCECS 2007, October 24-26, 2007

[7] Mekhamer, S.F., Khattab, H.M., Mahmoud, A.M.A., "Solution of the Capacitor allocation problem in distribution feeders considering load variation: A modified simulated annealing based approach" in Proc. Int. Conf. power Systems Conference, 2006. (MEPCON 2006), 19-21 Dec. 2006, pp. 302-309.

[8] H Masoum, M.A.S., Jafarian, A., Ladjevardi, M., Fuchs, E.F., Grady, W.M., "Fuzzy approach for optimal placement and sizing of capacitor banks in the presence of harmonics ," IEEE Trans. Power on Delivery, vol. 19, no.2, pp 822-829, Apr. 2004.
[9] Etemadi, A.H., Fotuhi-Firuzabad," Distribution system reliability enhancement using optimal capacitor placement," Generation, Transmission & Distribution, IET , vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 621-631, July 2008.

[10] Tanuj Manglani, Y.S Shishodia, "Reduction in Power Losses on Distribution Lines using Bionic Random Search Plant growth Simulation Algorithm," International Journal of Recent Research and Review, vol. III, pp.8-14, September 2012.

Abstract: In practical situations and under normal operating conditions, the generating capacity of power plants is more than the total losses and load demand. Also, power plants have different fuel costs and are not the same distance from the load centers. Hence the need for developing improved methods of economic dispatch of generated power from mostly remote locations to major load centers in the urban cities. Most methods adopted for optimal dispatch are either cumbersome in their computational approaches. This work proposes a fast and easy to use generic MATLAB syntax to aid in solving economic dispatch problems. The software component proposed in this work will try to estimate the optimal value of real power to be generated with the least possible fuel cost. This will be based on the assumption of equal incremental cost and the result compared to genetic algorithm simulation.

Keywords: Economic Dispatch, Equal Incremental Cost, Modified Lambda-Iteration, Genetic Algorithm

[1] FERC Staff, "Economic dispatch: Concepts, practices and issues," Joint board for the study of economic dispatch, Nov. 2005.
[2] Jizhong Zhu, Optimization of Power System Operation, John Wiley inc., 2009.
[3] X. S. Han and H. B. Gooi, "Effective economic dispatch model and algorithm," International Journal of Electrical Power and
Energy Systems, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 113–120, 2007.
[4] S. Hemamalini and Sishaj P. Simon, "Dynamic economic dispatch with valve-point effect using maclaurin series based lagrangian
method". International journal of computer applications, vol. 1, no. 17, 2010.

Abstract: This paper discusses the non iterative method to calculate the Lagrangian Multiplier (𝜆). The economic load dispatch (ELD) is the on-line economic load dispatch (ELD) wherein it is required to distribute the load among the generating units. The system such manner as to minimize the total cost of supplying the minute -to- minute requirements of systems. Jeevan – Kushalaiah method or J-K method is a method to calculate maximum number of combination between n-elements starting from minimum order to maximum order. The J-K method modifies iterative flow charts to single line flow charts. This paper deals with Newton-Raphson method.

Index terms: Jeevan – Kushalaiah method, Incremental Fuel Rate, Incremental Transmission Cost

[1]. Neelam Jeevan Kumar," Jeevan kushalaiah method to find the coefficients of characteristic equation of a matrix and introduction of summetor", 2229-5518, Volume 4, Issue 8,2013
[2]. I.A . Farhat , M.E. El-Hawar y, "Optimization methods applie d for solving the short-term hydrothermal coordination problem", 79 (20 09) 1308–1320, doi:10.1016/j.epsr.20 09.0 4.0 01
[3]. Y.H. Song, Modern Optimization Techniques in Power Systems, Kluwer Aca-demic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1999
[4]. J.A . Momoh, Electric Power System Applications of Optimization, Marcel Dekker, New York , 20 01.

[5]. Basic issues in Lagrangian optimization, in Optimization in Planning and Operation of Electric Power Systems (K. Frauendorfer, H. Glavitsch and R. Bacher, eds.), Physica-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1993, 3-30 (by R. T. Rockafellar)

[6]. R. T. Rockafellar "Lagrange Multipliers and Optimality", 35(2), 183–238. (56 pages), http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1035044

[7]. book: C.L Wadhwa, "Electrical power systems", ISBN 978-81-224-2839-1

Abstract: A poly phase asynchronous motor – for instance, an induction motor finds application in several areas due to its reliability, robustness, low maintenance and a very competitive pricing. This paper addresses the impact of stator and rotor parameters of an induction motor in its dynamic characteristics using a MATLAB / SIMULINK based model. This analysis helps in determining the stator and rotor circuit resistance and inductances to reduce steady state time and minimize jerks during starting of the motor. Keywords: Asynchronous Motor, MATLAB, Modeling, SIMULINK, Speed- Torque Characteristics

[1] S.Ayasun,C.O.Nwankpa, Induction Motor Tests Using MATLAB/Simulink and Their Integration into Undergraduate Electrical Machinery Courses, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EDUCATION, VOL. 48, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 2005.
[2] A A Ansari, D M Deshpande, Mathematical Model of Asynchronous Machine in MATLAB Simulink, A. Ansari et. al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology ,Vol. 2(5), 2010, 1260-1267
[3] M Blödt, P Granjon, B Raison,Member,G Rostaing, Models for Bearing Damage Detection in Induction Motors Using Stator Current Monitoring, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 55, NO. 4, APRIL 2008
[4] M K Arya, Dr.S Wadhwani, Transient Analysis of Three Phase Squirrel Cage Induction Machine using Matlab, Mukesh Kumar Arya, Dr.Sulochana Wadhwani / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 , Vol. 1, Issue 3, pp.918-922.
[5] I.J. Nagrath, D.P. Kothari, Electrical Machines (New Delhi, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing company Limited, 2003)
[6] The MathWorks, Inc , Simulink- Dynamic System Simulation for Matlab (Natick, M A, USA, The MathWorks, Inc, 2000)

Abstract: In medical image processing image denoising has become a very essential exercise all through the diagnose. Medical images are often deteriorated by noise due to a serious sources of interferences and other phenomenon that affect the measurement process in an imaging and acquisition system. Speckle noise is a random mottling of the image with bright and dark spots, which obscures fine details and degrades the delectability of low contrast lesions. Speckle noise occurrence is often undesirable since it affects the tasks of human interpretation and diagnosis. Speckle noise is a granular noise that inherently exists in and degrades the quality of the images. Generally it is found in Ultrasound image and radar image. Various noise removing methods has been introduced. This paper run a comparative study on various filter efficiencies in removing speckle noise from medical ultrasound images using statistical measures.

Keywords: Ultrasound Image,Ultrasonography, Speckle Noise, SNR, PSNR,MSE,RMSE

[1] Anil K.Jain, "Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing" first edition, 1989, Prentice – Hall, Inc

[2] Tinku Acharya and Ajoy K. Ray, "Image Processing Principles and Appilications", 2005 edition A John Wiley & Sons, Mc., Publication.

[3] Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods, "Digital Image Processing", Second Edition, Pearson Education.

[4] "IEEE Computational Science and Engineering, summer" 1995, vol. 2, num.2, Published by the IEEE Computer Society, 10662 Los Vaqueros Circle, Los Alamitos, CA 90720, USA. [5] Ingrid Daubechies "Ten lectures on wavelets" Philadelphia, PA: SLAM, 1992‟

[6] Georges Oppenheim, "Wavelets and Their Application".

[7] S. Sudha, G.R Suresh and R. Suknesh, "Speckle Noise Reduction in Ultrasound images By Wavelet Thresholding Based On Weighted Variance", International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 1, PP 7-12,2009.

[8] S. Sudha, G.R Suresh and R. Suknesh, "Speckle Noise Reduction In ultrasound Images Using Context-Based Adaptive Wavelet Thresholding", IETE Journal of Research Vol 55 (issue 3), 2009.

[9] Zhenghao Shi and Ko B.Fung," A comparison of digital speckle filters" Canada centre for Remote Sensing.

[10] J.S.Lee,"Digital image enhancement and noise filtering by use of local Statistics‟" IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol.2,no. 2, pp. 165-168, March 1980.

Abstract: An optical disc and microprocessor (i-8086 i-8087)- based speed measurement scheme is presented in this paper. Improvement of accuracy and minimization of phase angle error are achieved by varying sampling time in the speed detection algorithm. The scheme was implemented as an integral component of a vector control scheme for induction motors and was found to work effectively.

Keywords: Instrumentation, Microcontroller, Speed detection, Phase angle error, Vector Control, Automation, Optical Encoder, Timer.

[1] T. Kume And T. Iwakane, "High Performance Vector Controlled AC Motor Drives: Applications and New Technologies", IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications., Vol. IA-23,PP 172- 180, (1987)
[2] T. Ohmae, T. Matsuda, K. Kamiyama and M. Tachikawa, "A Microprocessor Controlled High Accuracy Wide-Range Speed Regulator for Motor Drives", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. IE-29, PP 203-211, (1982).
[3] N. Chauduri, S. Ghosh, and A.M. Ghosh "Wide-Range Precision Speed Measurement with Adaptive Optimization Using Microcomputer", IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics, Vol. IE-30, pp 369-373, (1983).
[4] K. Saito, K. Kamiyama, T. Ohmae and Matsuda, "A Microprocessor-Controlled speed Regulator with Instantaneous Speed Estimation for Motor Drives" IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol IE-35, PP95-99, (1988).
[5] K. Jelassi, B. de Fornell and M.P. David, Quantization and Discretization on the Field Oriented Asynchronous Drive", ICEM '90, MIT USA, PP 550-555, (1990).

Abstract: A Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) plays a vital role in substation automation. It consists of various sections that can handle different types of field parameters. This paper discusses a stand-alone RTU on a single board and its various sections: analog inputs section, digital inputs section and digital outputs section. The main objective of this paper is to check the accuracy of measurement of field inputs by the controller. A number of testing is done on each type of analog input to prove its accuracy.

Keywords: Analog Inputs, Current Transformer, Digital Inputs, Digital Outputs, Potential Transformer, Remote Terminal Unit, Substation automation.

[1] Sanath Alahakoon, Lilantha Samaranayake, Thilakasiri Vijayananda, Mats Leksell, Remote Monitoring And Distributed Real-Time Control Via Ethernet, Proc. of the 11th National Conference on Machines and Mechanisms, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, December 18-19, 2003.

[2] Wikipedia Admin. Team, "Remote Terminal Unit", http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/remote_terminal_unit, accessed on April, 2012.

[3] Hairulzawan Hashim, Zainal AlamHaron, A Study on Industrial Communication Networking: Ethernet Based Implementation, International Conference On Intelligent And Advanced Systems, KLConvetion Centre, Kuala Lumpur, 25 - 28 November 2007.

[4] CHEN Qi, DING Tianhuai, LI Cheng, WANG Peng, Low-power wireless remote terminal design based on GPRS/GSM, Journal of Tsinghua University, Science & Technology, China, Feb., 2009, 49(2).

[5] Chen Peijiang, Jiang Xuehua, Design and Implementation of Remote Monitoring System Based on GSM, Pacific-Asia Workshop on Computational Intelligence and Industrial Application (PACIIA), Vol. 1, 678-681, Wuhan, 2008.

[6] Hong-Chan Chang, Li-Chien Huang, Cheng-Chuan Chen, Cheng-Chein Kuo, Design and implementation of remote terminal unit for feeder automation system with high performance microcontroller, 6th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, 382-386, Beijing , 2011.

[7] Muhammad Aamir, Javier Poncela, Muhammad Aslam Uqaili, B. S. Chowdhry, Nishat Ahmad Khan, Optimal Design of Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) for Wireless SCADA System for Energy Management, Wireless Personal Communications, 69(3), 999-1012, April 2013.

[8] Motorola Inc., A 16 Digital Input 110V Module for the MOSCAD-L RTU, 1999.

Abstract: Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a radiation-less imaging technology and offers a non-invasive imaging system for human organs. EIT is fast, inexpensive and portable as compared to other imaging techniques. The presented work is based on potential profile computed from the raw data as obtained from the body surface via the electrodes array placed around the organ. A 16 electrode array is proposed for extracting the potential profile. The potential profile is obtained in digital format by sing a 24 bit ADC in order to get a higher resolution potential profile. This helps in reconstructing the organ image at highly resolution.

Keywords: EIT

[1] Sagar K. Dhar and Quazi D. Hossain, "Non-invasive Bio-impedance Measurement Using Voltage-Current Pulse Technique", International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Biomedical Engineering (ICEEBE'2012) Penang (Malaysia) May 19-20, 2012
[2] David Silvera Tawil, Student Member, IEEE, David Rye, Member, IEEE, and Mari Velonaki, "Improved Image Reconstruction for an EIT-Based Sensitive Skin With Multiple Internal Electrodes", IEEE Transactions on Robotics, Vol. 27, No. 3, June2011
[3] Tushar Kanti Bera1, Samir Kumar Biswas2, K. Rajan2, Nagaraju Jampana1, "Improving the Image Reconstruction in Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) with Block Matrix-based Multiple Regularization (BMMR): A Practical Phantom Study", 978-1-4673-0126-8/11/$26.00_c 2011 IEEE
[4] Zhou Zhou, Li Nan, Xu Hui, Guo Jin, Sun Zhaolin, Liu Haijun, Yu Hongqi, "The Design and Implementation of a Portable EIT Telemedicine System", 2011 Second International Conference on Intelligent System Design and Engineering Application
[5] Robert W. Stacey, "Electrical Impedance Tomography", June 2006, Stanford Geothermal Program, Interdisciplinary Research in Engineering and Earth Sciences Stanford University
[6] Olga Mikhailova, Wei-Wen Dai, Johnny Chee, BME Laboratory, "Pattern Recognition Based Imaging In Electrical Impedance Tomography", 18th Annual lnternational Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Amsterdam 1996
[7] Hun Wi and Eung Je Woo, "Design of KHU Mark2 Multi-frequency EIT System", Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea. 1994
[8] Eung Je Woo, Ping, John G. Webster, Measuring Lung Restivity using EIT", IEEE-1992

Abstract: Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) is an essential focus in process control and offering a diverse range of researches in the area of chemical and control engineering. To ensure the successful operation of a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), it is necessary to understand their dynamic characteristics, which ultimately enable effective control systems design. The problem of controlling the nonlinearity of CSTR is considered as a challenging issue especially for a control engineer corresponding to its non linear dynamics. Most of the traditional controllers are restricted just for linear time invariant system application. But in real world, the non linear characteristics of system and their function parameter changes due to wear and tear, that's why these changes can't be neglected. A simulation on mathematical model has several advantages over the experiment on a real model or system, which is used for steady state analysis and dynamic state analysis. Model predictive control (MPC) has been the most successful advanced control technique applied in the process industries, nowadays recognized as a standard methodology for the control of industrial and process systems. In this approach, a process model is used to predict the effect of a finite number of future moves on the controlled variable. From the transient responses of the controlled variable to the changes in manipulated variable, a dynamic network has been developed for prediction of one time step a forward in future process output with good accuracy. MPC refers to a class of computer controlled algorithms that utilize and explicit process model to predict the future response of the plant. At each control interval, an MPC algorithm attempts to optimize future plant behavior by computing a sequence of future manipulated variable adjustments. The first input in the optimal sequence is then sent into the plant and entire calculation is repeated at subsequent control intervals. The proposed MPC structure is to have a control system that will be able to achieve improvement in the level of conversion and to be able to track set point change and reject load disturbance. The simulation results confirm that the MPC is one of the best possibilities for successful control of nonlinear systems. Key Words: Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR), Model Predictive Controller (MPC), Nonlinearity, Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO)

[1] V.R.Ravi, T.Thyagarajan, "Application of adaptive control technique to interacting Non Linear Systems", IEEE 2011, pp 386 -392.
[2] Pan. Y., Wang Jun. Model predictive control of unknown nonlinear dynamical systems based on recurrent neural networks , IEEE
Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 59, no. 8, 2012, pp. 3089 to 3101.
[3] Rahideh. A., Shaheed. M. H. Constrained output feedback model predictive control for nonlinear systems, Control Engineering Practice, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 431 to 443, 2012.
[4] Sukanya R.warier, Sivanandamvenkatesh "Design of controller based on MPC for a conical tank system",(ICAESM-2012).
[5] Tuan. T. Q., Minh. Phan Xuan. Adaptive Fuzzy Model predictive control for non-minimum phase and uncertain dynamical nonlinear systems, Journal of Computers, vol. 7, no. 4, 2012, pp. 1014 to 1024.
[6] Qiao Ji-Hong, Wang Hong-Yan. Backstepping Control with Nonlinear Disturbance Observer for Tank Gun Control System, Control and Decision Conference (CCDC), 2011 Chinese, 2011, pp. 251 to 254.
[7] Hong Man, Cheng Shao. Nonlinear model predictive control based on LS-SVM Hammersteinwiener model, Journal of Computational
Information Systems, vol. 8, no. 4, 2012, pp. 1373 to 1381.

Abstract: This paper presents the modelling, simulation, and speed control aspects of a 3-phase 6/4 linear switched reluctance motor (LSRM) drives. The Linear switched reluctance motor (LSRM) has never been a popular choice for direct-drive linear motion control system; because it is difficult to control and its output has high torque ripples. It is also due to the fact that the actuator's characteristic is highly dependent on its complex magnetic circuit, which is difficult to model, simulate, and control.Fourier series expression of phase self-inductance under the assumption of negligible mutual effect and various losses is introduced to describe the nonlinear dynamic model of SRM.Simulation results have shown the rationality of model and validity of control strategy. By virtue of MATLAB/SIMULINK, the models of various subsystems are achieved and the modelling procedure is described in detail. Linear segmented switched reluctance motor (LSSRM) using full pitched winding can give 40 - 80% higher torque than conventional SRM for the same frame size. This increase in torque is due to the increase in aligned inductance. However, full pitch winding results in high copper loss, and high active weight. Hence, in this paper, single tooth or concentric winding to replace the full pitch winding of LSSRM is proposed. In order to obtain the same flux paths as with full pitch winding, all the three phases must be excited simultaneously. The torque is produced due to changes in mutual inductance. This method of winding results in reduction of copper, and therefore, weight. With such an arrangement, one phase only requires DC supply.

Keywords:LinearMotion, LinearSwitchedReluctance Motor,Stator, Rotor, chopping control.

[1]. T. J. E Miller: "Switched reluctance motors and their control", Magna Physics Publications/Oxford university press (1993).

[2]. R. Krishnan,"Switched Reluctance Motor Drives", Industrial Electronics Series, CRC Press (2001).

[3]. J. Oyama, T. Higuchi, T. Abe and N. Kifuji, "Novel Switched reluctance motor with segmented core embedded in Aluminium rotor block," Papers of technical meeting on rotating machinery, IEEJ Trans, Vol.126, No.4, 2006.

[4]. Mr.Myo Min, "Design and Calculation of 75W Three-phase Linear Switched Reluctance Motor", The Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Mandalay Technological University, Myanmar

[5]. NareshVattikuti, Vandana R and B. G. Fernandes "A high power density Outer rotor segmented switched reluctance motor" Indian Patent Application No 197/MUM/2009.

[6] NareshVattikuti, VandanaRallabandi and B. G. Fernandes, "A Novel High Torque, Low Weight Segmented Switched Reluctance Motor", IEEE Power Electronics Specialist conference Issue 15-19, Pag. 1223-1228, Jun.82008, Rhodes, Greece.

Abstract: Failure to adequately define or understand the use of storage water in hydroelectric system has created a fragmented economic environment and schizophrenia in the industry that has the potential to limit its development as a global industry. This paper suggests that, by redefining the use of storage of water in hydroelectric system as a means of using a decision support system to obtain the efficient use of storage water during low flow. The purpose of hydroelectric system optimization is to maximize the value of water resources by providing rapid and informative recommendations based on current data and dynamic forecasts of hydrology, energy prices and loads at individual hydro plants and within the overall system.

Keywords: HydroElectric, Decision-support-System, Optimization, Hydrology,

[1]. Water Resources Impacts & Adaptation: retrieve from http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/impacts-adaptation/water.html
[2]. J.D.C Little, ‗The use of storage water in a hydroelectric system,' Journal of the operations research society of America, (1995)
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[4]. C. D. D. Howard, ‗Hydroelectric System Operations Optimization' retrieved February 04 2013 from www.cddhoward.com/docs/GWREF06- Systems.pdf
[5]. Jimsher G., Mziana N., Weldon A. L. ‗Dynamic Model of Smoothing Problem in Water Power Systems' retrieved February 04 2013 from arxiv.org/pdf/0807.0641
[6]. Eset T. A.; Richard N. P.; Austin P.; and Bruce M. ‗Decision Support System for Optimizing Reservoir Operations Using Ensemble Streamflow Predictions' retrieved February 04 2013 from ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/handle/1957/23156
[7]. C. D. D. Howard, ‗Hydroelectric System Operations Optimization' retrieved February 04 2013 from www.cddhoward.com/docs/GWREF06- Systems.pdf

Abstract: This paper presents the effects on the distance protection scheme used by the transmission lines protection system when they are compensated in series by Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC). The usage of TCSC introduces problems to distance protection schemes as there is a change in the measurement of apparent impedance observed by the respective relay. The change seen by the relay measurement has to be corrected for accurate operation of the particular relay, for which we take the help of Artificial Neural Networks which is extensively tested for various test conditions in MATLAB Simulation environment. The relay operation accuracy used for distance protection is improved by using the Artificial Neural Networks training methods and it also shows the distance at which the faults has occurred.

Keywords: Artificial Neural Networks, Distance protection scheme, FACTS devices, Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor.

[1] Alireza Solat, and Ali Deihimi, "A Novel Scheme for Distance Protection of Series Compensated Transmission Lines with TCSC Using Artificial Neural Netwoks", 20th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering, (ICEE2012), May 15-17, 2012.
[2] Zellagui Mohamed and Chaghi Abdelaziz, "Impact of Series Compensation Insertion in Double HV Transmission Line on the Settings of Distance Protection", International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 2, Issue 8, August-2011, pp.1-7.
[3] Mojtaba Khederzadeh and T. S.Sidhu, "Impact of TCSC on the Protection of Transmission Lines", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Volume 21 January 2006, pp.80-87.
[4] A Santosh Kumar and V Surendranath Chowdary, "ANN Based Prottection for Series Compensated Lines", International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Volume. 2, Issue 7, July 2013.
[5] Sarath Kapuduwage, "Fault Location on the High Voltage Series Compensated Power Transmission Networks", Thesis, December 21, 2006.
[6] S. G. Srivani and K. PandurangaVittal, "Integrated Adaptive Reach Setting of Distance Relaying Scheme in Series Compensated Lines", International Journal on Electrical Engineering and Informatics - Volume 2, no. 4, 2010, pp.291-297.
[7] Suhaas Bhargava Ayyagari, "Artificial Neural Network Based Fault Location for Transmission Lines", Thesis, June 12, 2011.
[8] Sunita Tiwari and S.P. Shukla, "COMPENSATION BY TCSC IN OPEN LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM", IJAET/Vol.III/ Issue I/January-March, 2012, pp.175-179.
[9] Upendar, C. P. Gupta, and G. K. Singh," Comprehensive Adaptive Distance Relaying Scheme for Parallel Transmission Lines" Transactions on Power Delivery, Volume 26, no. 2, April 2011, pp.1039-1059.
[10] Dragan Jovcic and G. N. Pillai "Analytical Modelling of TCSC Dynamics" IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Volume 20, no. 2, April 2005, pp.1097-1104.

Abstract: The paper introduced the algorithm of image retrieval which combine the features of color, shape and so on , and then we do sorting in the final result. Firstly, the internal and exterior normalization of multi-features are studied and analyzed, and introduced the normalization algorithm in detail. Secondly, the retrieval methods of the multi-features are showed. Lastly, adopted the Euclid distance metric, and used the image database. Our final result is a Mat Lab built software application, with an image database, that utilized shape and colour features of the images in the database as the basis of comparison and retrieval. The structure of the final software application is illustrated.

Keywords: image retreival, feature extraction, indexing, edge point detecion, multi-feature, features.mat

[1] Y.Rui,T.S.Huang,S.F.Chang. Image retrieval: Past, present,and future. Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, 1999.10:1~23.

[2] S.Aksoy,R.M.Haralick. Feature normalization and like hood-based similarity measure for image retrieval.PRL.2001.22 (5):563~582.

[3] Guo xiao juan Research on the Content-Based Image Retrieval. A Master degree dissertation of Northwest University .2007.

[4] Chen wei,Xiao Guo-qiang. Image retrieval algorithm based on the multi-features [J]. Computer Engineering & Design,2008(17)

[5] S.Aksoy,R.M.Haralick. Feature normalization and like hood-based similarity measure for image retrieval.PRL.2001.22 (5):563~582.

[6] M.Ortega,et.al. Supporting similarity queries in MARS.ACM Conf.on Multimedia.p:403~413.