iosr-JEEE   Volume-1 ~ Issue-2

Abstract: A Static Compensator (STATCOM) is a flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) controller, which can either absorb or deliver reactive power to a power system. Distribution STATic COMpensator (D-STATCOM) is proposed for compensation of reactive power and unbalance caused by various loads in distribution system. Distribution static compensator is based on the VSC principle. A D-STATCOM injects a current into the system to correct the voltage sag, swell and power factor. Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (D-STATCOM) is an effective measure to maintain voltage stability and improve power quality of distribution grid. This paper deals with the modeling and control scheme of D-STATCOM. A stability analysis of D-STATCOM is obtained by bode plot approach. The theoretical analysis and design are verified by the results.
Keywords: Distribution System, Power Quality, Custom Power Device, Shunt Compensation Device, Distribution Static Compensator (D-STATCOM).

[1] John J. Paserba, Gregory F. Reed, Masatoshi Takeda & Tomohiko Aritsuka ," FACTS and Custom Power Equipment for the Enhancement of Power Transmission System Performance and Power Quality", Symposium of Specialists in Electric Operational and Expansion Planning (VII SEPOPE) Curitiba, Brazil, May 21-26, 2000.
[2] Y. HU Member, IEEE, Zhe CHEN, Senior Member, IEEE, and H. McKenzie "Voltage Source Converters in Distributed Generation Systems " DRPT2008 6-9 April 2008 Nanjing China.
[3] Hendri Masdi, Norman Mariun S.M. Bashi &Azah Mohamed, Construction of a Prototype D-Statcom for Voltage Sag Mitigation, European Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 1450-216X Vol.30 No.1 (2009), pp.112-127.
[4] Soo-Young Jung, Tae-Hyun Kim, Seung-Il Moon, Byung-Moon Han, "analysis and control of D-STATCOM for a line voltage regulation". Member, IEEE,pp. 729-734.
[5] N.G.Hingorani "Introducing custom power", IEEE spectrum, vol.32, June 1995, PP.41-48.
[6] N.G.Hingorani and L.Gyugyi, Understanding FACTS: Concepts and Technology of flexible ac transmission systems, IEEE Press, New York, 1999.
[7] K. R. Padiyar Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore-560 012 ,India. FACTS CONTROLLERS IN POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION.
[8] Anaya-Lara Olimpo, E.Acha "Modeling and Analysis of custom power systems by PSCAD/EMTDC",IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Volume: 17, Issue: 1, Jan 2002 pp: 266-272.
[9] Robert H Bishop, The University of texas at austin ,"Modern Control System Analysis and Design using MATLAB" ADDISON-WESLEY PUBLISHING COMPANY.

Abstract: Energy is the basic requirement for a developing country like India. Due to continuous development the energy demand is increasing more tremendously than the increase in population. To meet this energy demand the fossil fuels reserves are continuously depleting. The fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, gas etc. are used for power generation. Any other solution for power generation is required to save reserves and environment. The renewable energy sources are the best solution for this problem. This paper reveals the main renewable energy for power generation and its availability in different states of Punjab. We discuss the various technologies that can be used to use dry or wet biomass for power generation. In view of high energy potential in agricultural potential, proximate analysis, gross calorific value and ultimate analysis is done for different crop samples collected from Punjab state. Keywords – Biomass, Potential, Power, Renewable Energy, Technologies.

[1] Ministry of power, government of India, available: http://www.powermin.nic.in
[2] Mathias Loeser and Miles Alexander Redfern, Overview of Biomass Conversion and Generation Technologies, International Universities Power Engineering Conference, Padova, Italy, Sept 2008, 1–4.
[3] Shouyu Zhang, Dingmao Peng and Fengbao Huang, Effect of Mineral Matter on the Reactivity of the Char from Agricultural Waste, International Conference on Energy and Environment Technology, 2009, 286-289.
[4] S. Murali, Rajnish Shrivastava, Mohini Saxena, Quantification of agricultural residues for energy generation –A Case Study Journal of the IPHE 3, India, 2007-08.
[5] Richard L .Bain, An Overview of Biomass Combined Heat and Power Technologies, Power Engineering Society General Meeting, IEEE, Denver, CO, 2004, 1657 - 1659.
[6] Amit Jain, Sustainable Energy Plan for an Indian Village International Conference on Power System Technology, Hangzhou, 2010, 1-8
[7] Ravindranath N.H. and Balachandra P., Sustainable bioenergy for India technical, economic and policy analysis, Energy 34, 2009, 1003–1013.
[8] M. Kumar and S. K. Patel, Energy Values and Estimation of Power Generation Potentials of Some Non-woody Biomass Species, Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects 30(8), 2008, 765 – 773.
[9] I. R. Pillai, and R. Banerjee, Renewable energy in India: Status and potential, Energy 34, 2009, 970–980.
[10] N.H. Ravindranath, P. Balachandra, S. Dasappa and Usha K. Rao, Bioenergy technologies for carbon abatement, Biomass and Bioenergy 30, 2006 826–837.

Abstract : The Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) is probably the most widely applied speed sensor less
drive control scheme. This paper proposes induction motor speed estimation using conventional MRAS and AIbased
MRAS with stator resistance compensation. A conventional mathematical model based MRAS speed
estimation scheme can give a relatively precise speed estimation result, but errors will occur during low
frequency operation. Furthermore, it is also very sensitive to machine parameter variations. However, an AIbased
MRAS system with a Stator Resistance Compensation model can improve the speed estimation
accuracy and is relatively robust to parameter variations even at an extremely low frequency. These
are verified by simulation results.
Keywords - Dynamic Reference Model, Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS), Neural Networks,
Induction Motor Control.

[1] Finch, J. W. and Giaouris, D., Controlled AC Electrical Drives, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Feb. 2008, 55, 1, pp. 1-11,.
[2] Landau, Y.D., Adaptive Control the Model Reference Approach. 1979: Marcel Dekker.
[3] Vas, P., Sensor less Vector and Direct Torque Control, 1998: Oxford University Press.
[4 ] Shauder, C., Adaptive Speed Identification for Vector Control of Induction Motors without Rotational Transducers. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1992, 28.
[5] Yang, G. and T. Chin, Adaptive-Speed Identification Scheme for a Vector-Controlled Speed Sensor less Inverter-Induction Motors. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.1993,29.
[6] Fitzgerald, A.E., C. Kingsley, and S.D. Umans, Electric Machinery. 6th ed., 2003: McGraw-Hill International Edition.
[7] Vas, P., Artificial-Intelligence-Based Electrical Machines and Drives. 1999: Oxford University Press.
[8] Kumara, I.N.S., Speed Sensor less Field Oriented Control for Induction Motor Drive. PhD Thesis, 2006, University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
[9] Leonhard, W., Controlled AC drives, a successful transition from ideas to industrial practice. Elsevier Science, 1996.
[10] Zhen, L. and L. Xu, Sensorless Field orientation Control of Induction Machines Based on Mutual MRAS scheme. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 1998, 45.
[11] Holtz, J. and J. Quan, Drift and Parameter-Compensated Flux Estimator for Persistent Zero-Stator-Frequency Operation of Sensorless-Controlled Induction Motors. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Applications, 2003, 39.
[12] Ohtani, T., N. Takada, and K. Tanaka, Vector Control of Induction Motor without Shaft Encoder. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Applications, 1992, 28.
[13] Peng, F.Z. and T. Fukao, Robust Speed Identification for Speed Sensorless Vector Control of Induction Motors. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Applications, 1994, 30.
[14] Vasic, V. and S. Vukosavic, Robust MRAS-based Algorithm for Speed Sensorless Vector Control of Induction Motors. IEEE Power Engineering Review, 2001.

Abstract : Over the last ten years, the global wind energy capacity has increased rapidly and became the
fastest developing renewable energy technology. The controllability of the wind turbines becomes more and
more important as the power level of the turbines increases. Nowadays, for generating units above 1MW,
variable speed concepts are usually applied that are either based on doubly fed induction machines or
converter-driven synchronous machines. Synchronous generator are widely used in standalone WECS, Though
the requirements are not fulfilled directly by the machine, the control strategy is used in both the stator as well
as rotor side along with power electronic converters to fulfill the requirements stated above. In this paper,
matrix converter has to be introduced for wind power applications. Major technical features and advantages
are going to describe.
Keywords – Matrix Converter, Pmsg, WECS

[1] "Behavior of double fed induction generator under near by wind fault plant" by Olumide Aluko, Student Member, IEEE, Travis M. Smith, Senior Member, IEEE, Leon M. Tolbert, Senior Member, IEEE.
[2] "Application of A Matrix Converter for PMSGWind Turbine Generation System" by Guoliang Yang, and Yanping Zhu
[3] "Application of matrix converter in wind energy conventional sources by employing synchronous generator" by J. Karpagam*, P.S. Mayurappriyan*, Jovitha Jerome.†
[4] "Review of generator systems for direct drive wind turbines" by D. Bang, H. Polinder, G. Shrestha, J.A. Ferreira.
[5] P.W.Wheeler, J. Rodriguez, J. Clare,L. Empringham, and A.Weinstein, "Matrix Converters: A Technology Review" IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics vol.:49, No:2, 2002 pp 276-289.Trans. on Industrial Electronics vol.:49, No:2, 2002, pp 276-289.
[6] "Modeling And Control of A Wind Turbine Using Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator" by S.Vijayalakshmi, Asst.Prof.EEE, SRM University, Saikumar.S, Saravanan.S,R.V.Sandip, Vijay Sridhary.
[7] "Modeling of a Variable Speed Wind Turbine with a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator" by Alejandro Rolan', Alvaro Luna, Gerardo Vazquez, Daniel Aguilar Gustavo Azevedo.
[8] L. Wei, T.A. Lipo, "A Novel Matrix Converter Topology with simple Commutation", IEEE Press , pp 1749-1754.

ABSTRACT: Domestic electrical appliances like compact fluorescent lamp (CFL), television (TV), personal computer (PC), etc. use electronic switching technique. They create harmonics on power supply lines and are classified as Nonlinear loads. These harmonics are harmful to other loads and contribute to power loss. The power quality can be maintained by using an efficient Active Power Filter (APF). An expression for the ON time of MOSFET, in single phase half bridge shunt APF, was derived and expressed as a function of phase voltage, compensating current and dead time. The expression was tested by building an APF model in Matlab - Simulink. Simulation results show that, the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is reduced below 5%.
Keywords: Fourier transforms, Power quality, Pulse width modulation (PWM), Rectifiers, Total harmonic distortion (THD)

[1] Sergio Serena, Chongming Qiao and Keyue M. Smedley, A Single Phase Active Power Filter with Double Edge Integration Control IECON'01: The 27th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2001, pp. 949 - 953
[2] R. B. Oliveria, F. B. Libano, R. A. M. Braga and J. C. Lima, Low Cost Single Phase Active Power Filter Controlled by DSP, 10th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power, 2002, pp. 524-529.
[3] Chongming Qiao, Keyue M. Smedley and Franco Maddaleno, A Single Phase Active Power Filter With One Cycle Control Under Unipolar Operation, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, 2004, pp. 1623-1630.

Abstract: This article describes suitable network architecture for the mobile communications system beyond IMT-2000. Recent rapid developments in mobile communication services have significantly altered the lifestyles of many people. With the increasing demand for access to the Internet, the amount of data traffic in mobile communication networks has significantly increased and will dominate these networks. Therefore, mobile networks beyond IMT-2000 should offer higher bit rate channels and adapt to multimedia traffic more efficiently. This article first forecasts market trends in mobile communications in order to identify requirements of the mobile communications system beyond IMT-2000. Then the article considers the network architecture of the mobile communications system beyond IMT-2000 that will satisfy those requirements.
Keywords: Architecture, IMT 2000, Multimedia traffic, Network architecture

[1] M. Zeng, A. Annamalai, and V. Bhargava, "Recent Advances in Cellular Wireless Communications," /€E€ Commun. Mag., vol. 37, no. 9, Sept. 1999, pp. 128-38.
[2] K. Enoki, "Concept of i-Mode Service: New Communication Infrastructure in the 2lst Century," NTT DoCoMo Tech. Journal, vol. 1, no. 1, Oct. 1999, pp. 4-9.
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[4] ETSI, "HiperLAN/2 Standard," available at http://www.etsi.org/technicalactiv/hiperlan2. Html
[5] S. Abeta et al., "Coherent DS-CDMA and MC-CDMA Broadband Packet Wireless Access in a Multi-cell Environment," Proc. I€€€ VTC-2000 Fall, Sept. 2000, pp. 2213-18.
[6] F. Kojima, H. Harada, and M. Fujise, "Adaptive Sub-carriers Control Scheme for OFDM Cellular Systems," Proc. VTC2000 Spring, May 2000, pp. 1065-9.
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[ l1] H. Soliman et al., "Internet-Draft, Hierarchical MIPv6 mobility management (draft-soliman-mobileip-hmipv6-02.txt)," Feb. 2001

Abstract: The frequency response of metal-insulator-metal (MIM) based thin film capacitorswere studied using LCR bridgewhere diamond-like nanocomposite (DLN) filmbehaves as a dielectric medium. The films were deposited by plasma assisted chemical vapour deposition (PACVD) method. Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Ramanspectroscopy give the structure of DLN film. The results show that, equivalent parallel capacitance (EPC) decreases sharplybeyond 105Hz for thinner films. But for thicker films, there is no such decrease. This is due to some parasitic series resistance effect in the capacitor circuit. An equivalent circuit model for real capacitor has been established.Moreover, there is also a small decrement in EPC with frequency and this effect increases with thickness of film.This may be due to lack of sufficient time for electron transportation through bulk DLN material. The DLN based thin film capacitor has a great potential for use in electronic/electricalsystem. Keywords: DLN, PACVD, frequency response capacitance, thin film capacitor, etc.

1. ArvindGoel, Chandra Venkatramanl, Benjamin F Dorfman, Michael Abraizovz, Thomas G. Enge1 and Nicholas G Loter,
"DIAMOND-LIKE NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS POSSESSING HIGH DIELECTRIC STRENGTH" 1995 IEEE 5th
International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Solid Dielectrics, 690.
2. C. Venkatraman, A. Goel, R. Lei, D. Kester, C. Outten, "Electrical properties of diamond-like nanocomposite coatings", Thin Solid
Films, 308–309, 1997, 173.
3. Won Jae Yanga,, Yong-Ho Choa, TohruSekino, Kwang Bo Shim, Koichi Niihara, Keun Ho Auh, "Structural characteristics of
diamond-like nanocomposite films grown by PECVD", Materials Letters, 57, 2003, 3305.
4. C. Venkatraman , C. Brodbeck, R. Lei, "Tribological properties of diamond-like nanocomposite coatings at high temperatures",
Surface and Coatings Technology, 115, 1999, 215.
5. Won Jae Yang, Yong-Ho Choa, TohruSekino, Kwang Bo Shim, Koichi Niihara, Keun Ho Auh, "Thermal stability evaluation of
diamond-like nanocomposite coatings", Thin Solid Films, 434, 2003, 49.
6. D. Neerinck, P. Persoone, M. Sercu, A. Goel, D. Kester, D. Bray, "Diamond-like nanocomposite coatings (a-C:H/a-Si:O) for
tribological applications", Diamond and Related Materials, 7, 1998, 468.
7. T. Das · D. Ghosh· T. K. Bhattacharyya · T. K. Maiti, "Biocompatibility of diamond-like nanocomposite thin films", J Mater Sci:
Mater Med, 18, 2007, 493.
8. A. PANDIT, N. P. PADTURE, "Interfacial toughness of diamond-like nanocomposite (DLN) thin films on silicon nitride
substrates", JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LETTERS,22, 2003, 1261.
9. ArvindGoel, Donald J. Bray, Steven C. Martin, Keith A. Blakely, "CAPACITIVE THIN FILMS USING DIAMOND-LIKE
NANOCOMPOSITE MATERIALS", United States Patent [19], Patent Number: 5,638,251, Date of Patent: Jun. 10, 1997.
10. Veniamin F. Dorfman, ArvindGoel, Donald J. Bray, " EROSION RESISTANT DIAMOND-LIKE NANOCOMPOSITE
COATINGS FOR OPTICAL COMPONENTS", United States Patent [19], Patent Number: 5,718,976, Date of Patent: Feb. 17,
1998.
11. G. Mariotto, C. Vinegoni, L.G. Jacobsohn, F.L. FreireJr, "Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy investigation of
annealed amorphous carbon–germanium films deposited by d.c. magnetron sputtering", Diamond and Related Materials, 8, 1999,
668.

Abstract: In this paper the analysis of dual stator permanent magnet BLDC (PMBLDC) motor has been reported. The proposed dual stator PMBLDC motor consists of two separate concentric stators having different number of slots with a common rotor on the same shaft. Two stator stampings of different radii are used for design of stators. The rotor is a hollow cylindrical rotor in the space between two stators. The analysis of the designed dual stator PMBLDC motor has been done. In dual stator machine, the total output torque corresponds to the algebraic sum of two independent torques.
Keywords: Dual stator motor, Permanent magnet BLDC (PMBLDC) motor, inner stator and outer stator.

[1] Djafar Hadiouche, Hubert Razik, and Abderrezak Rezzoug, "On the Modeling and Design of Dual-Stator Windings to Minimize Circulating Harmonic Currents for VSI Fed AC Machines", IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 506-515, March-April 2004.
[2] Teck-Seng Low, Mohammed A.Jabbar, and M. Azizur Rahman, "Permanent-Magnet Motors for Brushless Operation" , IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 26, No.1, pp. 124-129, January/February 1990.
[3] Alfredo Mufioz-Garcia Thomas A. Lipo, "Dual Stator Winding Induction Machine Drive", IEEE Transactions 1998, pp.601-608.
[4] Paul C. Krause, Oleg Wasynczuk and Scott D.Sudhoff, "Analysis of Electric Machinery", IEEE press, IEEE power engineering society, 1994 Edition.
[5] Shuangxia Niu, K. T. Chau, Dong Zhang, J. Z. Jiang, Zheng Wang, "Design and Control of a Double-Stator Permanent-Magnet Motor Drive for Electric Vehicles" , IEEE Transactions 2007, pp. 1293-1300.
[6] Xiaoyong Zhu, Dajian Chen, Li Quan, Zhiling Liao and Guohai Liu, "The Flux Controllable Permanent Magnet Brushless Machines: Concepts, Developments and Applications', IEEE Transactions 2009, IPEMC 2009, pp. 1919-1924.
[7] Zhiqiao Wu, Olorunfemi Ojo and Jyoti Sastry, "High-Performance Control of a Dual Stator Winding DC Power Induction Generator", IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol.43, No.2, pp. 582-592, March/April 2007.
[8] Ronghai Qu; Aydin, M.; Lipo, T.A., "Performance comparison of dual-rotor radial-flux and axial-flux permanent-magnet BLDC machines", IEEE Transactions 2003, Vol.3, pp. 1948-1954, June 2003.
[9] Tae-Yeong Kim; Byoung-Kuk Lee; Chung-Yuen Won, "Modeling and simulation of Multiphase BLDC motor Drive systems for autonomous underwater applications", IEEE Transactions 2007, Vol.2, pp. 1366-1371, May 2007.