iosr-JEEE   Volume-17 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov. – Dec. 2022

Abstract: This research study characterizes a GaN MOS device theoretically for the properties of the conduction band offset, Fowler-Nordheim onset field, the oxide leakage current density at low oxide electric
fields, the electrical breakdown strength, the intrinsic Fermi energy level in GaN and its intrinsic defects density. These properties match with the experimentally observed values. It utilizes the universal mass-energy equivalence relation dE/E equals dm/m that relates to the properties of the MOS device with the given longitudinal electron effective mass and the bandgap of GaN. The study also shows that the Coulombscattering limited peak surface field effect mobility in an n-channel wurtzite GaN MOSFET can be obtained with only a fabricated GaN MOS device. The universal mass-energy equivalence relation, first discovered by the famous scientist Albert Einstein, is manifested in semiconductors and insulators and can significantly facilitate new materials research.

Keywords: MOS device, GaN Semiconductor, Intrinsic Defects, Mobility, FN-Tunnelling

[1]. R.K. Chanana, "Theoretical finding of the properties of a Si (100) MOS device", IOSR-J. Applied Physics, 14(3), 5-6 (2022).
[2]. R.K. Chanana, "N-channel 4H-SiC MOSFET device on (112􀴤 0) oriented epitaxial surface", IOSR-J. Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 17(3), 20-22 (2022).
[3]. R.K. Chanana, "The electron and heavy-hole effective masses in crystalline Diamond and the properties of the Metal-Oxide- Semiconductor hole device", IOSR-. Electrical and Electronics Engg.,17(5), 28-31 (2022).
[4]. R.K. Chanana, "Properties of a MOS device on (100) oriented cubic SiC", IOSR-J. Electrical and Electronics Engg., 17(5), 29-32 (2022).
[5]. R.K. Chanana, "Linear model for the variation of semiconductor bandgap with high temperature for high temperature electronics", IOSR-J. Electrical and Electronics Engg., 16(6), 5-8 (2021.

Abstract: The explosion of scientific progress in the field of electricity - automation today has had profound changes in both theory and practice. First of all, the introduction and improvement of power electronic converters, namely frequency converters, with compact size, high performance, easy connection to control circuits. using microelectronic circuits, microprocessors, PLCs... Today's automatic electric drive systems often use inverters for AC motors and mainly to solve speed problems. In addition, in the problem of motor position control, inverters are also used instead of drivers of servo motors or stepper motors in some specific applications where too high accuracy is not required. Thanks to that, it saves a lot of costs from installation to repair and maintenance; Therefore, the above method is quite common in the field of automation.

Keywords: Control system, inverter, PLC S7-1200

[1]. Siemens, Simatic S7-1200 System Manual, 2011
[2]. Siemens, Data sheet SIMATIC S7-1200, CPU 1214C DC/DC 6ES7214-1AG40-0XB0
[3]. Tran Van Hieu, "S7-1200 PLC automation with Portal ray", scientific and technical publishing house, 2015.
[4]. Scada data collection and monitoring system, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pham Van Hoa, Hanoi Polytechnic Publishing House.

Abstract: This paper presents a swarm-based optimization technique for the induction motor parameter estimation based on intelligent bio-mimicry of social foraging bacteria (Escherichia coli (E Coli)) called Bacterial Foraging Algorithm (BFA), a powerful distributed optimization control application. The proposed technique is based on the foraging behaviour of the bacteria as the multi-objective optimization technique to identify the equivalent circuit parameters of a 5 HP three-phase induction motor from the manufacturer name plate data. The basic chemotactic step length was adjusted with a view to have dynamic non-linear behaviour that improves global and local search balancing. From the proposed method computes the values of appropriate objective functions, then compare input-output data from induction motor and....

Keywords:Induction Motor; Parameters estimation; Bacterial Foraging Algorithm; Escherichia Coli; Optimization; Cost Function; Steady-State Performance

[1]. A. A. Mohamed. "On the identifiability, parameter identification and fault diagnosis of induction machine." A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy March, 2016 , School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Newcastle University, UK, 2016.
[2]. N. S. Nyein, Y. T. Han and S. A. Sandar. "Dynamic modeling and simulation of three phase small power induction motor." World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 1139-1142, 2008..
[3]. A. Bala, H. A. Adeleke, M. F. Ohemu, I. B. Kyari, U. I. Zubairu and B. Muhammad."Parameters identification of induction motor using bacterial foraging algorithm." International Journal of Engineering and Applied Computer Science (IJEACS), vol. 4, iss. 6, pp. 1-11, 2022.
[4]. M. A. Rao, M. K. Vijaya, and V. Mukteswari. "Estimation of speed and parameter identification in sensorless induction motor drive by using second order sliding-mode observer and MRAS techniques." International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 1982-1989, 2015.
[5]. J. Susanto and S. Islam. "Improved parameter estimation techniques for induction motors using hybrid algorithms". arXiv: 1704.02424v 1 [cs. SY] 8 Apr 2017, pp 1-8. 2017.

Abstract: Currently, the Cascode structure is widely used for high voltage normally-on GaN devices. Due to the rapid switching speed of GaN transistors, switching oscillations and electromagnetic interference (EMI) become more severe. It is possible for the device to be destroyed by divergent oscillation if it is turned off at a high current. To suppress such unwanted oscillations, adding RC snubber branches was considered an effective method. This paper studies the characteristics and operation principles of a 600 V cascade GaN HEMT. In addition, the effect of using a snubber circuit on the dynamic performance of GaN cascade is investigated. The device is simulated using LTspice simulation. The results show that using RC snubber circuit improves the device's dynamic performance and significantly reduces the high-frequency oscillations under high-current turn-on and -off conditions..

Keywords: Cascode GaN, Dynamic Response, LTspice, Oscillation, RC snubber Circuit, Double-Pulse Tester (DPT).

[1]. Eial Awwad, A.On the perspectives of SiC MOSFETs in high-frequency and high-power isolated DC/DC converters, 2018. Available online: DOI:10.14279/depositonce-7362.
[2]. Eial Awwad, A. Analysis, Design, and Experimental Results for a High-Frequency ZVZCS Galvanically Isolated PSFB DC-DC Converter over a Wide Operating Range Using GaN-HEMT.WEVJ2022, 13, 206, doi:10.3390/wevj13110206.
[3]. Kimoto, T.; Cooper, J.A.Fundamentals of silicon carbide technology: Growth, characterization, devices and applications; Wiley: Singapore, 2014, ISBN 9781118313558.
[4]. Bolotnikov, A.; Losee, P.; Matocha, K.; Glaser, J.; Nasadoski, J.; Wang, L.; Elasser, A.; Arthur, S.; Stum, Z.; Sandvik, P.; et al. 3.3kV SiC MOSFETs designed for low on-resistance and fast switching. In2012 24th International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices and ICs (ISPSD 2012), Bruges, Belgium, 3-7 June 2012. 2012 24th International Symposium on Power
Semiconductor Devices & IC's (ISPSD), Bruges, Belgium, 6/3/2012 - 6/7/2012; IEEE: Piscataway, NJ, 2012; pp 389–392, ISBN 978-1-4577-1597-6..

Abstract: The Bit Error Rate (BER) analysis of wireless communication systems over fading channels is an important performance metric for establishing the transmission quality (i.e., quality of service) across fading channels. Having a closed form formulation that can determine BER performance as a function of wireless channel stats and system parameters is a critical finding that many academics are striving to acquire (e.g., modulation order). These closedform expressions will make it a lot easier to design, execute, and test wireless systems. The objective of this paper is to perform BER Analysis of an 8 x 8 Open-loop MIMO system over Nakagami-m fading channel. This has been established through the implementation of Spatial Multiplexing and the use of Q-function & its various approximations. The overall approach is mathematical in nature. Lastly, the simulation results have been displayed by Q(x) v/s. α curves, suggesting which approximation is the most effective one. All simulations, plots and analyses have been implemented using MATLAB®.

Keywords: Fading, Nakagami-m fading model, MIMO, BER analysis, Spatial Multiplexing, Wireless Communication

[1]. V. Aggarwal. Jagadish Chandra Bose: The real inventor of Marconis wireless receiver. The Ancient Wireless Association Journal, 47(3):50– 54, July 2006.
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[5]. O. S. Badarneh and R. Mesleh. Spatial modulation performance analysis over generalized η − μ fading channels. In 24th IEEE International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), pages 886– 890, Sept 2013..

Abstract: Majority of the appliances around us use alternating current (AC) power while the Photo Voltaic (PV) modules produce Direct current (DC) power. Therefore, the conversion of DC power to AC power is required before it can be used for running such appliances. In a general note, the power inverter is an electronic device or circuitry that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). This conversion can be achieved either by transistor or by Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCRs) [1]. The input voltage, output voltage and frequency, and overall power handling capacity depend on the design of the specific device or circuitry. For low and medium power outputs, transistorized inverters are suitable but for high power output, silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs) should be used........

Keywords: Photo-voltaic, 2-level inverter, Harmonic control

[1]. P.C. Sen-Power Electronics. Published by Tata Mc Grew-Hill Education Private limited. 7 west Pate/Negar, New Delhi 110008 and Printed at India Binding House, Noida 201301 (1987). Page 726, 736).
[2]. Tejaswini Honade, Sonali Udapure etc-Comparative study between two and three level converter for Electric Application-International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology (IJAET) April 2016. ISSN22311963.
[3]. Power inverter-Wikipedia page 11
[4]. K.B. Bhatia-Practical AC and DC motor winding (2nd edition 2016) Published by A.K. Jain for standard publisher distributors 1705-B, Naisarak, Delhi-11006.
[5]. Piyus Mohanty and Saransh Sahoo-Analysis of two level and three level inverters. A project report submitted to the department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela..

Abstract: The use of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms on photovoltaic (PV) system is very important. These algorithms offer a significant increase in system efficiency, reduction in terms of PV panels, and maintenance cost of running the plant than if it were a fossil-fuelled plant, above all, the role renewable energy systems have so far played in green engineering has helped a lot in reducing CO2 emissions. In this study, perturb and observe (P and O) algorithm, and whale optimization algorithm (WOA)-based MPPT controllers are tested on a 500 kW solar hybrid power system (SHPS) microgrid. The significance of the study is to ascertain the MPPT controller that would track the highest amount........

Keywords: Maximum power point tracking (MPPT), Perturb and Observe (P and O), Photovoltaic (PV), Whale optimization algorithm (WOA).

[1] S Mirjalili and A Lewis. The whale optimization algorithm, Advances in Engineering Software, 95(18), 2016, 1–8. [2] M Saad, EG Abdelaziz, S Souad, D Aziz and G Abdulaziz. Proposal and implementation of a novel perturb and observe algorithm using embedded software, 3rd IEEE International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference, Marrakech, Morocco. 2015: 1-5. [3] CHK Santhan and RS Rao. A novel global MPP tracking of photovoltaic system based on WOA. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development. 5(3), 2016, 225-232. [4] D Guiza, D Ounnas, Y Soufi and M Maamri. Implementation of perturb and observe-based MPPT algorithm for PV system, International Conference on Sustainable Renewable Energy Systems and Applications (ICSRESA); Tebessa Algeria, Februay 2019, 2-5. [5] MZ Malik, C Haoyong, MS Nazir, IA Khan, AN Abdalla, A Ali et al. A new efficient step-up boost converter with CLD cell for electric vehicle and energy system, Energies 13(7), 2020, 1-12.

Abstract: It is clear that the dimensioning of current submarine links is carried out without taking into account the lifespan of a submarine optical cable, which leads to an increase in the capacity of the latter at each whenever the need arises regularly emanating from the saturation of the available bandwidth. This generates additional costs. This is the case observed for the submarine links established between the Cameroonian coast and Western countries. To avoid such inconveniences, the establishment of transoceanic links should be carried out based on the life cycle of a submarine optical cable.........

Keywords: submarine optical fiber, sizing, bandwidth, traffic, capacity.

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