iosr-JEEE   Volume-14 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-Feb 2019

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a simple and novel approach to the design of a dual axis controller for photovoltaic (PV) cells. The objective is to reduce the electronic circuitry associated with previous and existing designs while at the same time ensuring a robust principle of operation. Two pairs of Light Dependent Resistors (LDR), an ATMEGA 328P microcontroller and a servomotor form the principal components of the circuit model. The model works by performing averages of the signals generated from four (4) LDR's placed at the four corners of a photovoltaic cell. Based on the computed averages, the microcontroller relays instructions to servo motors for rotation of the PV cells towards the direction of maximum incident sun rays. All simulations were performed using the PROTEUS software. Results obtained show a 54.71% increase in the generated output power for the tracking system as opposed to the fixed solar panel. The design was successfully constructed and implemented...

Keywords: Photovoltaic, Proteus, Light Dependent Resistors, Controller

[1]. S Abdallah, and S Nijmeh. Two axes sun tracking system with PLC control. Energ. Conv. Manag. vol. 45, 2004, pp. 1931–1939.
[2]. H Arbab, B Jazi, and M Rezagholizadeh. A computer tracking system of solar dish with two-axis degree freedoms based on picture processing of bar shadow. Renewable Energy. vol.34, 2009, pp. 1114–1118.
[3]. S, Dasgupta, F W Suwandi, S K Sahoo, and Panda, S.K. Dual Axis Sun Tracking with PV Cell as the Sensor, Utilizing Hybrid Electrical Characteristics of the Cell to Determine Insolation. In Proceedings of 2010 IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies, 6 (9), 2010, pp. 1–5.
[4]. A Hanieh. Solar Photovoltaic Panels Tracking System. In Proceedings of the 6th WSEAS International Conference on Dynamical Systems and Control, 3 (6), 2010, pp. 30–37.
[5]. G Li, X Shi, C Fu, and G Zhou. Design and Implementation of a Novel MPPT Controller Based on Sun Tracking Technology. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, 17 (20), 2008, pp. 2611–2615...

Abstract: The research paper presents the development of the device and system for remote surveillance of health of Army people working in remote places. The developed System is based on Virtual Instrumentation and image processing which can monitor and detect health problems like (Heart problems, Central Nervous System abnormalities, Stress, Strain, Start/ Growth of cancer, tumour etc.) of remotely working person.The prototype system using wearable sensors, Virtual instrumentation and image processing for remote patient monitoring and virtual consultation which will be fully automatic.It detects/forecast the major abnormalities happening with the person staying in remote Places/working in border. So it will be quite useful for Arm people specially working in hilly/ dissert/ other remote areas.The device is a wireless health monitoring device which will be very useful for arm forces to diagnose physiology status (from initial stage).

[1]. Alessandro Dionisi, Daniele Marioli , "Autonomous Wearable System for Vital Signs Measurement With Energy-Harvesting Module", IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement ,0018-9456 © 2016 IEEE.

[2]. T. F. Andrade, "Electronic Symptom Reporting Between Patient and Provider for Improved Health Care Service Quality", IEEE Xplore: 05 September 2012.

[3]. Nimal J. Kumar , "Virtual Instrumentation System With Real-Time Visual Feedback and Needle Position Warning Suitable for Ophthalmic Anesthesia Training",IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement ( Volume: 67, Issue: 5, May 2018.
[4]. Dr. M. Karnan and T. Logesgwari, "Improved Implementation of BrainMRI image Segmentation using Ant Colony, IEEE, 2010.
[5]. AnamMustaqeem and Ali Javed, Tehseen Fatima, "An Efficient Brain Tumor Detection Algorithm Using Watershed &Thresholding Based Segmentation" I.J. Image, Graphics and Signal Processing, 2012, 10, 34-39.

Abstract: This work presents a methodology for the measurement of the main physical parameters of the subscriber digital link. For this methodology, some important procedures are indicated, such as: adequate selection of the equipment/devices for the measurements, adequate choice of the calibration process for the measurements and the accomplishment of a statistical treatment of the measured parameters: input impedance, transfer function and scatter parameter. The validation of the methodology was performed through some case studies considering two situations: one, when all the measurement procedures were performed according to the methodology and another, when the measurements did not follow the proposed procedures. In both cases cited above, the methodology proved to be quite effective and presented coherent measurements, within reliable values.

Keywords: DSL. Link Qualification. Measurement Methodology

[1]. T. Starr, J. M. Cioffi., And P.J. Silverman, "Understanding Digital Subscriber Line Technology," Upper Saddler River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1999.

[2]. JUNIOR, E. B. Methodology for the Measurement of Parameters Related to the Qualification of the Subscriber's Digital Link, 2007. [3]. DSL. Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSL. Accessed on 10/2018.

[4]. International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication G.992.1, "Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) Transceivers", 2018.

[5]. JUNIOR. B. Edson, L. V. Souza, Castro L. S. Agostinho, et al. "A Methodology for Measurements of Basic Parameters in a xDSL System ", Broadband Access Communication Technologies, SPIE Vol. 6390 63900M-1, October, 2006..

Abstract: This work reviews the impact of electricity supply on economic growth. In this background, power supply in Nigeria was studied from 1983 to 2017. Results obtained show that 100% of stake holders and 68% of the general public in Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria agree that power supply in Nigeria has improved in recent times. For every 1% increase in electricity supply, an economy is expected to grow by 3.94%. Inversely, a 1% increase in real gross domestic product leads to a 0.34% increase in electricity supply and consumption. Although, with an improved current generating capacity of 7000 megawatts and distribution capacity of 4600 megawatts, factors such as.......

Keywords: Transmission, Electricity, Nigeria, Industry, Economy, Load growth

[1]. Adoghe, A. U., Odigwe, I. A. and Igbinovia, S. O., 2009. Power Sector Reforms – Effects on Electric Power Supply Reliability and Stability in Nigeria, International Journal of Electrical and Power Engineering, vol. 3, issue 1, pp. 6-42.
[2]. L. Asubiojo: The Guardian Newspaper. letters@ngrguardiannews.com. Accessed September 2017
[3]. C. Awosope., Cost Implications of Electric Power Outages in the University Of Lagos. The Nigerian Engineer, 20(1), 1985, Pp 48 – 60.
[4]. S. Ayodele. Improving And Sustaining Power (Electricity) for Socio – Economic Development In Nigeria. 2004
[5]. W. Bacon. Privatization and Reform in the Global Electricity Supply Industry. J. Energy Environ. Ann. Rev., 26(1), 1995, pp. 331 – 359.

Abstract: The need to protect electrical appliances from electrical power fluctuation cannot be over emphasized. Most homes and office complexes where single-phase supply is needed are supplied with two or three phases of power supply to allow change from one phase to another when there is fluctuation or complete outage of power supply on a particular phase. This action is done manually and results in electric shock and damages. The automatic phase selector system automatically select and switch from one phase to the other in a RED-YELLOW-BLUE sequence and operates within a voltage range of 160V - 220V. When voltage supply on a phase is below 160V or above 220V, this system automatically disconnects the load from the phase and connects to another where the required condition......

Keywords: Appliance protection, phase selector, priority phase, Transistor Switching, microcontroller

[1]. A.F. Agbetuyi, A.A. Adewale, J.O. Ogunluyi, and D.S. Ogunleye, Design and construction of an automatic transfer switch (ATS) for a single phase power generator, International Journal of Engineering Science, 3(4), 2011, 1-8.
[2]. J.G. Kolo, Design and construction of automatic power change-over switch, Assumption University (AU) Journal, 11( 2), 2007, 1-6.
[3]. E.J Oduobuk, B. Ettah , and E.E. Ekpenyong, Design and implementation of automatic three phase changer using LM324 quad integrated circuit, International Journal of Engineering and Technology Research, 2(4), 2014, 1-15.
[4]. A.B. Ogundare, and M.M. Ihiovi, Design of a three-phase change-over switch using PIC16F877A microcontroller, International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 6(5), 2017, 24-27.
[5]. A.R. Atser, F.N. Gesa, and I.S. Aondoakaa, Design and implementation of a 3-Phase automatic power change-over switch, American Journal of Engineering Research, 3(9), 2014, 7-14.

Abstract: The use of Global Positioning System (GPS) has remarkable contribution in tracking human behaviour ranging from stationed persons to those in transit, especially trans-border bus drivers. With the current road Carnegies in E.African routes there suffices need to track vehicles and drivers behavior from a central station. This not only curbs down bribery with traffic officers but also tames bus drivers hence reducing on accident prevalence. A design science research methodology was adopted with six major bus companies and a prototype (Me V track system) developed to assist in this Nobel cause. It was found to be handy in reducing fatal accidents in the region. However the research recommends that in an event that the GPS is incapacitated the SMS enabled notification can be of paramount importance

Keywords: Global Positioning System, Mobile enabled, Bus Company, tracking

[1]. Bao-yen, J. & Tsui. M. (2000). Fundamentals of global positioning system receivers: a software approach.
[2]. Claburn, T. (2009). "Court Asked To Disallow Warrantless GPS Tracking" Comments to Access Board Docket Number 2007-1" (PDF). Office of Technical Information Services, APTA. January 20, 2009. pp. 3.Ushus Technologies. (2008). GPS/GSM based vehicle tracking system
[3]. Gardner, H. & Hartley. M. (2002). Understanding GPS principles and applications, Artech House.
[4]. Embarc Information Technology (P) Ltd. (2009). Retrieved on June 1st October, 2018, fromhttp://www.findnsecure.com/vehicle_tracking.html
[5]. Goel, T. & Gruhn.Y. (2009). "Automating Mode Detection Using Neural Networks and Assisted GPS Data Collected Using GPS-enabled Mobile Phones,"

Abstract: This paper proposed a control technique for improving power quality in Grid-connected Hybrid PV-wind-battery based framework with a multi-input bidirectional dc-dc converter. The proposed system measures the load demand, deals with the power flow of various sources, injects surplus power into the grid and the battery is charged from grid as per requirement. A boost converter is employed to control voltage from wind, while bidirectional buck-boost converter is utilized to control output voltage from PV in conjunction with battery charging control. The battery charging and analyzer are proposed to manage power requirement of the system. The proposed work optimized

Keywords: Solar Photovoltaic, Wind Energy, Hybrid System, Transformer Coupled Boost Dual- Half-Bridge Bidirectional Converter, Bidirectional Buck-Boost Converter, Full Bridge Bidirectional Converter

[1]. W. Qi, J. Liu, X. Chen, and P. D. Christofides,''Supervisory predictive control of standalone wind/solar energy generation systems," IEEE Trans. Control Sys. Tech., vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 199-207, Jan. (2011).
[2]. S. Bae and A. Kwasinski, "Dynamic modelling and operation strategy for a micro grid with wind and photovoltaic resources," IEEE Trans.Smart Grid, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 1867-1876, Dec. (2012).

[3]. C. W. Chen, C. Y. Liao, K. H. Chen and Y. M. Chen,"Modeling and controller design of a semi isolated multi input converter for a hybrid/wind power charger system," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 30,no. 9, pp. 4843-4853, Sept. (2015) .
[4]. R. Wandhare and V. Agarwal, "Novel integration of a PV-wind energy system with enhanced efficiency," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 3638-3649, Jul. (2015).
[5]. H. Wu, K. Sun, S. Ding, and Y. Xing, "Topology derivation of non-isolated three-port dc-dc converters from DIC and DOC," IEEE Trans. Power Electron. vol. 28, no. 7, pp. 3297-3307, July (2013).

Abstract: Microwave remote sensing instruments obtain data valuable for geophysical examinations by estimating signals emerging because of cooperation of microwaves with normal media. The principle preferences of microwave remote sensing are because of its capacity to infiltrate the mists, downpour, vegetation and even dry soil surfaces. The infiltration of signal is straightforwardly corresponding to wavelength of microwave signal. What's more, microwave sensors have capacity for day/night activity autonomous of sun or brightening conditions. The instruments commonly utilized for microwave remote sensing can be named active and passive instruments. In the active system, instrument gives its own enlightenment though in passive system instrument gets signal because of emanation of signal at microwave frequency. Instances of radar remote sensing instruments incorporate Synthetic aperture radar (SAR), scatterometers, altimeters, and radar sounders. Imaging remote sensing radars......

Keywords: Microwave, Remote, Sensing

[1]. D. K. Ghodgaonkar, V. V. Varadan and V. K. Varadan, A free space method for measurement of dielectric constant and loss tangents at Microwave frequencies, IEEE Trans. IM, Vol. 37, pp. 789-793, 2014.
[2]. P. I. Somlo and J. D. Hunter, Microwave impedance measurements, Peter Peregrinus Ltd., London, pp. 180-200, 2016.
[3]. J. Williams, Accuracy enhancement fundamentals for vector network analysers, Microwave Journal, pp. 99-1 14, March 2014.
[4]. B. Bianco, G. P. Drago, M. Marches, C. Martini, G. S. Mela and S. Ridella, Measurements of complex dielectric constant of human sera and erythrocytes, IEEE Trans. IM, Vol. 28, pp. 290-295, 2010.
[5]. Kraszewski, M. A. Stuchly and S. S. Stuchly, ANA calibration method for measurements of dielectric properties, IEEE Trans. IM, Vol. 32, pp. 385-386, 2013.

Abstract: In this paper, another way to deal with distinguish, the issue that emerges in off-line manually written
signature recognition as been examined. As opposed to numerous current framework, an endeavor made
utilizing Edge hinge and Edge Extraction method. To finish this assignment, as an initial step the mark test is
preprocessed and standardized to perform content distinguishing proof effectively. The second step removing
the data and educational components occurred amid this period. At long last the Signature Sampleization
decision was done in view of Data Acquisition and Preprocessing, Feature extraction. Edge hinge dissemination
is an element that describes the adjustments in heading of a script stroke in the specimen of signature. The edge
hinge appropriation is extricated by method for a windowpane that is slid over an edge-identified double
picture..........

Keywords: Recognition, Signature

[1] S. Belongie, J. Malik and J. Puzicha, "Shape Matching and Object Recognition Using Shape Contexts," in IEEE Transactions on
Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 509-522, April 2002.
[2] M. Blumenstein, X. Y. Liu and B. Verma, "A Modified Direction Feature for Cursive Character
Recognition,"2004IEEEInternationalJointConferenceonNeuralNetworks(IEEECat.
No.04CH37541), Budapest, 2004, pp. 2983-2987 vol.4
[3] Brummer, N., Preez, J.d, Application-Independent Evaluation of Speaker Detection. Computer Speech and Language 20(2), pp.230-
275(2006)
[4] Deng, P.S., Liao, H.-Y.M., Ho, C.W., Tyan, H.-R.: Wavelet-Based Off-Line Handwritten Signature Verification. Comput. Vis.
Image Underst. 76(3), pp.173-190(1999)
[5] di Baja, G.S.: Well-shaped, Stable, and Reversible Skeletons from the (3,4)-Distance Transform. J. Visual Comm. and Image
Representation 5(1), pp.107-115(1994)

Abstract: Under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) is designed to protect the power system when the frequency
drops below given thresholds by switching off certain amounts of the load aiming thus to balance generation
and load. This paper presents a review of the existing UFLS (Under Frequency Load Shedding) program in
compliance with recently revised Police-5 of Operational Handbook of ENTSO-e. The proposed review of the
current UFLS program for Kosovo Power System has considered the main standards requirements and
guidelines for UFLS set by ENTSO-E. This work examine system performance by conducting dynamic
simulations of UFLS schemes subject to different imbalances between load and generation, and includes three
power system island mode scenarios with different equivalent inertia of the system, respectively different size of
the systems. With aim to define the best program of UFLS, which fits to the Kosovo Power System frequency
behavior, two different UFLS programs are analyzed and results are compared. The proposed program is tested
using a large scale PSS/E model which represents interconnected power system area of Southeast Europe.

[1]. https://www.entsoe.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/_library/publications/entsoe/Operation_Handbook/Polic 3_final.pdf
[2]. Grid Cod KOSTT, www.kostt.com
[3]. Load Shedding, Load Restoration and Generator Protection Using Solid-state and Electromechanical www.GEindustrial.com/pm
[4]. Kundur, P. Power System Stability and Control. New York: McGraw-Hill , 1994.
[5]. Transmissions Network Development Plan (2017-2026) www.kostt.com

Abstract: In this paper, zero speed is practiced in drive motor of an Electrical Overhead Traveling (EOT) crane
by strategies for a powerful easing back system. There are two modes in the crane action. The first is running
mode and another is hindering mode. In the zero speed easing back down, an acknowledgment motor is changed
over as a hindering segment. The dynamic hindering circuit is incited during the hindering mode. In EOT crane,
a motor easing back system is generally used and it is an electro-mechanical device. The motor brake is
presented between the drive motor and gear box for controlling the stack anyway the electric power is failed.
The motor brake is used to block the rotating speed of motor shaft and to stop it at needed position. The Thruster
brake and drive motor are fortified simultaneously to run the crane/lift is known as the running mode and stop
the crane/raise by both are de-animated is known as the hindering mode.......

Keywords: Time clip, Shaft, Gearbox and Rope drum.

[1] Khandakjia, K. A. Analysis of Hoisting Electric Drive Systems in Braking Modes. Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial
Engineering, 6(2), 2012, pp. 141-145.
[2] Tomakov, I. V., Tomakov, V. M., Pahomova, G. E., Semicheva, E. N. and Bredihina, V. N. A study on the causes and consequences
of accidents with cranes for lifting and moving loads in industrial plants and construction sites of the Russian Federation. Journal of
Applied Engineering Science, 16(1), 2018, pp. 95-98.
[3] Vishal S. K. Mahendra, U. G. Design and analysis of electro hydraulic thruster brake for lifting machine. International Journal of
Innovations in Engineering Research and Technology, 2(12), 2015, PP. 1-4.
[4] Rongmei, P. L. and Shimi, S. L. A Novel Fast Braking System for Induction Motor. International Journal of Engineering and
Innovative Technology, 1(6), 2015, pp. 65-69.
[5] Premkumar, S., Priya, S. and Richa, K. Dynamic Breaking in Cage Induction Motor. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research,
20(7), 2014, pp. 847-850.