iosr-JECE   Emerging Novelties and Vistas in Space Technologies and Applications

Abstract: Objectives:This papershows a topologyabout voltage fed high frequency parallel load resonant inverter and an auxiliary switched cell for induction heating. The voltage gain is increased and losses are reduced in the system from minimum voltage source. Method/Statistical Analysis: The operation based upon the Bridgeless boost rectifier and PWM technique. Bridgeless converter is used to increase the voltage compare to other conventional bridge rectifier Findings: The Parallel resonant converter proposed here for the process of high frequency conversion without any bridge rectifier, it reduces the relevant losses in conduction power. Power factor correction can be naturally achieved by the inductor based bridgeless boost rectifier. The characteristics are shown in simulation operation.Simulation is done by MATLAB and waveform is obtained in the software.

Keywords—High frequency (HF)-pulse width modulation (PWM)-power factor correction (PFC)-induction heating (IH)-switched capacitor (SC)

[1]. Ahmed N A.High frequency soft-switching ac conversion circuit with dual-mode PWM/PDM control strategy for high-power IH applications,IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics, 2010 Apr, 58(4),pp.1440-48.
[2]. Saha B, kim R Y.High power density series resonant inverter using an auxiliary switched capacitor cell for induction heating applications, IEEE Transactions on power electronics,2012,29(4), pp.125-85.
[3]. Esteve V, Jordian J, Sanchi-Kilders E,Ferreres A. Improving the reliability of series-resonant inverters for induction heating applications, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2014 May, 61(5),pp.2564-72.
[4]. Geetha VK. Simulation of series resonant inverterusing pulse-Density Modulation ,ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2015 Apr, 10(7),pp.3045-51.
[5]. Kazimierczuk M K, Thirunarayan N ,Wang S.Analysis of series-parallel resonant converter,IEEE Transaction on Electronics system, 1993 Jan,29(1),pp.88-99.

Abstract: In this paper, we design a scan converter for tracking radars. . In tracking Radars, multiple feeds are used in the Antenna system. The Signals from the feeds are processed to derive the error signal for tracking. In a tracking system employing three feeds, modules like power combiner and scan converter are used so that a single RF receiver can be used for both handling the data and to derive the error signal from the tracking.

[1] Balanis, Constantine A., Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, Hoboken, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2005, pp: 811-882.
[2] Girish Kumar and K. P. Ray, Broadband Microstrip Antennas, 1sst edition, Artech House Publishers, Norwood, 2003.
[3] Grag R., Bhartia P., Bahl I., Ittipiboon A., Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook, Artech House, 2001, pp: 845.

Abstract: A Low-Power Electromagnetically Actuated microspeaker is a MEMS device that finds its use mostly in hearing aid applications. It is fabricated on a silicon base that holds the NdFeB hard magnet at the center that produces a strong vertical Magnetic Field and an Inductive copper coil just above it. A Lorentz force comes into play by the two vertical components namely: External Magnetic Field and Electric Current of the coil which will produce vertical actuation in the membrane placed above it. This movement will generate waves of damped vibrations that will finally produce sound and hit the eardrum. A Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane is used in order to obtain a greater Sound Pressure Level (SPL) at low frequency as it exhibits the property of maximum flexibility and minimum Young's modulus. A NiFe soft magnet is used to focus the entire magnetic field which surrounds the structure within a desired arena..................

Keywords: MEMS device, Microspeaker, Coil placement, Copper feedthrough.

[1]. S. Je et al., "A compact and low-cost MEMS loudspeaker for digital hearing aids," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems,2009, Vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 348-358.
[2]. I. Shahosseini, E. Lefeuvre, M. Woytasik, J. Moulin, X,G. Lemarquand, V. Lemarquand, "Towards High Fidelity highe efficiency MEMS Microspeakers",IEEE SENSORS 2010 Conference; 978-1-4244-8168-2/10/$26.00 ©2010 IEEE
[3]. Sang-SooJe,JunseokChae, "An Electromagnetically actuated micromachined loudspeaker for hearing aids application",IEEE SENSORS 2007 Conference, 1-4244-1262-5/07/$25.00 ©2007 IEEE
[4]. Sang-Soo Je and JunseokChae, Member IEEE, "A Compact, Low-Power, and Electromagnetically Actuated Microspeaker for Hearing Aids",IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS, VOL. 29, NO. 8, AUGUST 2008
[5]. Sang-Soo Je1, Naigang Wang2, Henry C. Brown1, David P. Arnold2, and Junseok Chae1, "AN ELECTROMAGNETICALLY ACTUATED MICROSPEAKER WITH FULLY-INTEGRATED WAX-BONDED ND–FE–B MICROMAGNETS FOR HEARING AID APPLICATIONS",Transducers 2009, Denver, CO, USA, June 21-25, 2009,978-1-4244-4193-8/09/$25.00 ©2009 IEEE.

Abstract: Objective:Thermal Vacuum test is mandatory to validate space-worthiness and functional performance of Spacecrafts and its subsystems. This test runs continuously for days requiring monitoring of a large number of facility health parameters with fast update rate for its accurate, uninterrupted and reliable operation. Recent augmentation of existing auxiliary shroud in 4.0m thermal vacuum chamber calls for minimum 240 numbers of Control & acquisition channels. As the present control and data acquisition system in 4.0m thermal vacuum chamber supports only upto 160 channels, a new Temperature Control and Data Acquisition System (TCDAS) capable of supporting upto 240 channels has been designed, developed and realized. Methods: An averaging technique is employed in the PID control loop, for shroud and package temperature control within ±5◦C and for reduced LN2 consumption during cold cycle. If the temperature on any thermocouple on the package exceeds 5% of the set temperature, then it is detected by the program and all corresponding heaters & solenoid valves will be automatically enabled/disabled................
Keywords- CRIO - compact Reconfigurable Input and Output; TCDAS - Temperature Control and Data Acquisition System; LN2- Liquid Nitrogen; GN2 Gaseous Nitrogen; Thermal vacuum tests.

[1]. National Instruments Corporation. http://www.ni.com/pdf/manuals/321393d.pdf. Date Accessed: 2003.
[2]. Ray A K, kumar D, Rajendran P N, shastri U D, Atchamamba A, Kumar D. Data acquisition and power control system for thermal test on spacecraft at 4m Thermal vacuum chamber, Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Environmental Systems : Orlando, Florida, USA,,pp.1-11.

Abstract: This paper presents the Comparison of various parameters of Triangular Shape Microstrip Patch Antenna and E Shape Microstrip Patch Antenna. The antenna is designed with wideband operating frequency for wireless application. The antenna is simulated using Ansoft HFSS software, using FR4 substrate with dielectric constant of 4.4 and thickness of 1.6mm. The performance of the designed antenna was analyzed in term of bandwidth, return loss, VSWR, and radiation pattern. The antenna is designed to meet the best possible result. Antenna designed is operating on 2.4 GHZ frequency.

Keywords – E shape antenna; Triangular shape Antenna; Microstrip antenna.

[1]. C. A. Balanis, "Antenna Theory and Analysis," Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1997.
[2]. Devashree Marotkar , prassanna Zade, Vivek kapur "To Study the Effect of DGS on Antenna Parameters" iraj conference 2015.
[3]. Indu Bala Pauria, Sachin Kumar, Sandhya Sharma "Design and Simulation of E-Shape Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wideband Applications" International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE) ISSN: 2231-2307, Volume-2, Issue-3, July 2012
[4]. Yang, F.; Xue-Xia Zhang; Xiaoning Ye; Rahmat-Samii, Y.; "Wide-band E-shaped patch antennas for wireless communications," Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on , vol.49, no.7, pp.1094-1100, Jul 2001
[5]. Hadian, A.M.; Hassani, H.R.; , "Wideband Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna with U-Slot," Antennas and Propagation, 2007. EuCAP 2007. The Second European Conference on , vol., no., pp.1-5, 11-16 Nov. 2007

Abstract: Background/Objectives: This paper analysis single-stage Z-source inverter (ZSI) Based Photo Voltaic (PV) system for power quality improvement in a grid. The grid connected PV system with transformer provides isolation and grounding for PV array. But the transformer will increase cost and size of the system. The proposed work uses transformer-less single-stage conversion by using the maximum power point tracking and interfacial PV grid. Methods/Statistical analysis: The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is implemented by incremental conduction algorithm. The ZSI provides the injecting current to the grid by using hysteresis current control method. It can improves the power quality. An Z-Source Inverter consists of both Voltage Source Inverter and Current Source Inverter properties. This also improves the dynamic performance of the system........
Keywords: Z source inverter (ZSI), grid connected PV system, maximum power point tracking (MPPT), hysteresis current control method.

[1]. Bader n. Alajmi, Khaled h. Ahmed," single-phase Single-Stage Transformer less Grid-Connected PV System "IEEE transactions on power electronics, vol. 28, no. 6, june 2013.
[2]. Hiren Patel and Vivek Agarwal," A Single-Stage Single-Phase Transformer-Less Doubly Grounded Grid-Connected PV Interface "IEEE transactions on energy conversion, vol. 24, no. 1, March 2009.
[3]. Marcelo C. Cavalcanti, "Modulation Techniques to Eliminate Leakage Currents in Transformer-less Three-Phase Photovoltaic Systems " IEEE transactions on industrial electronics, vol. 57, no. 4, april 2010.
[4]. Giovanni Petrone, Giovanni Spagnuolo "A Multivariable Perturb-and-Observe Maximum Power Point Tracking Technique Applied to a Single-Stage Photovoltaic Inverter "IEEE transactions on industrial electronics, vol. 58, no. 1, january 2011.
[5]. M. Lokanadham, k. vijay bhaskr"Incremental Conductance Based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for Photovoltaic System " IJERA. Vol. 2, Issue 2, Mar-Apr 2012.

Abstract: Objectives: ANFIS is growing and advanced modern computing tool for electronics world. The combination of both fuzzy interface and neural network to operate in many electrical and electronics system. ANFIS algorithm is controlling and modifies the output of the converter. It can be applicable in other type converter for voltage regulation. ANFIS is computing network with different input/output to obtain the appropriate value. Method/Statistical Analysis: The enhance ANFIS logic is one of the developing techniques in combination of fuzzy interface signal and neural networks. ANFIS is computing network to obtain the appropriate value. ANFIS control algorithm is developed for soft switching and voltage regulation. Its dc-dc step down converter works in ZCS and ZVS condition at both on and off state. This converter can produce a high efficiency under heavy load conditions.

Keywords - Buck converter, zero-current-switching, zero-voltage switching, coupled inductor, soft switching, ANFIS.

[1]. Jiang L, Mi C C, li S, Yin C, Li J. An Improved Soft-Switching Buck Converter with Coupled Inductor. IEEE transactions on power electronics. 2013, 28(11).
[2]. Chuang Y C, Ke Y L. A novel high-efficiency battery charger with a buck zero-voltage-switching resonant converter. IEEE Transaction on Energy Conversation. 2007, 22(4), pp. 848–54.
[3]. Chuang Y C. High-efficiency ZCS buck converter for rechargeable batteries. IEEE Transaction on Industries Electronics. 2010, 57(7), pp. 2463–72.
[4]. Hmouz A A, Shen J, Hmouz A A, Yan J. Modeling and Simulation of an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for Mobile Learning. IEEE Transactions on learning technologies. 2012, 5(3), pp.
[5]. Venugopal C. ANFIS Based Field Oriented Control for Matrix Converter fed Induction Motor. IEEE international conference on power and energy. Pecon. kualalumpur, malaysia 2010

Abstract: Using Finite element method, a 2D steady state and transient thermal analysis performed in 8/6 switched reluctance motor is represented in this paper. With this, the heat distribution in diverse parts of the machine can be observed. A 2D steady state analysis is done to examine the maximum temperature rise for the extensive range of speed and load situations. The utmost temperature rise at various load conditions and time are predicted using the transient analysis. The temperature rise in the machine causes thermal stress and efficiency reduction. Hence the temperature of the machine must be maintained within the tolerable limits for secured operation. In electrical machines, the insulation life time varies inversely with the working temperature. Hence to improve the machine performance, its reliability and to maintain its long term stability of the machine, a thermal analysis is carried out under steady state and transient conditions by 2D Finite element analysis.

Keywords - Core and copper loss, Switched reluctance machine, Steady State and Transient thermal analysis, Finite element method.

[1] Annie Elisabeth Jebaseeli. E and Paramasivam.S, Steady State And Transient Thermal Analysis Of Switched Reluctance Machine, International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering, 2012, Vol. 4, No. 5.
[2] Balamurugan.S and Sumathi.P, Analysis Of Temperature Rise In Switched Reluctance Motor Due To The Core And Copper Loss By Coupled Field Finite Element analysis, International Conference On Power System Technology-powercon-2 ,2004 , Vol:1 ,pp. 630–634.
[3] Bian Dunxin ,Jia Mingquan , A Comparison Of Temperature At Low Speed Between Switched Reluctance Motor And Inverter -Fed Induction Motor , The Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines And System, 2005 ,ICEMS 2005, vol:1..
[4] Hexu Sun, Jie Gao ,Yan Dong and Yi Zheng , Analysis Of Temperature Field In Switched Reluctance Motor Based On Finite-element, International Conference On Electrical Machines And Systems 2008 pp. 597-601.
[5] Fonseca .D.S.B and Cabrita , Thermal Modeling And Characterization Of Electrical Machine, And Calculation Of Current Ratings" , C.M.P,Calado.M.R.A,4th IET Conference On Power Electronics, Machines And Drives 2008, pp.475-479.

Abstract: The LLC Resonant converters with capacitor - diode clamping is used for limiting the current during overload conditions. LLC Resonant converters are widely used because of its high efficiency and simple structure. In the proposed converter one - leg of the full bridge diode rectifier is replaced with capacitor, so that it limits the fundamental harmonic approximation, minimizes the conduction losses, reduces the ripples and increases the current gain. The converter voltage gain and voltage-current characteristics under different overload conditions and operating frequencies are predicted in this model..

Keywords: Capacitor diode clamp; Current limiting; DC – DC converter; LLC converter.

[1] Adib.Eand Farzanehfard.H, ―Family of soft-switching PWM converters with current sharing in switches,‖ IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 979–984, Apr. 2009.
[2] Alonso J.M, Perdigao M.S, Vaquero D.G, Calleja A.J, and Saraiva E.S, ―Analysis, design and experimentation on constant frequency dc–dc resonant converters with magnetic control,‖ IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 1369–1382, Mar. 2012.
[3] Chi wa tsang, Martin p. Foster, David A. Stone and Daniel T. Gladwin, ―Analysis and design of LLC resonant converters with capacitor-diode clamp current limiting‖, IEEE Trans. Power Electron, Vol.30, No.3, March2015.
[4] Ruan.X and Li.B, ―Zero-voltage and zero-current-switching PWM hybrid full-bridge three-level converter,‖ IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 52,no. 1, pp. 213–220, Feb. 2005.
[5] Veeramani G., Kalanithi C., Padmanabhan B., ―A Novel Transformer-Less Three Stage Interleaved Voltage Quadrupler DC Converter with Low Switching Voltage Stress‖, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, Vol. 9 (25), 2014, pp. 8704 – 8710.